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Aristotle · Rhetoric §2.16.1-2.16.4

The Character of the Wealthy and the Newly Rich

Passage 54 of 98 · Greek

Summary

Aristotle analyzes the character traits associated with wealth, such as insolence, luxury, and ostentatiousness, and distinguishes between the newly rich and those who have possessed wealth of old.

§2.16.1τῷ δὲ πλούτῳ ἃ ἕπεται ἤθη, ἐπιπολῆς ἔστιν ἰδεῖν ἅπασιν·
The characters that follow wealth are easy for everyone to see on the surface.
ὑβρισταὶ γὰρ καὶ ὑπερήφανοι, πάσχοντές τι ὑπὸ τῆς κτήσεως τοῦ πλούτου (ὥσπερ γὰρ ἔχοντες ἅπαντα τἀγαθὰ οὕτω διάκεινται· ὁ δὲ πλοῦτος οἷον τιμή τις τῆς ἀξίας τῶν ἄλλων, διὸ φαίνεται ὤνια ἅπαντα εἶναι αὐτοῦ),
For they are insolent and arrogant, affected in some way by the acquisition of wealth (for they are so disposed as if they possessed all good things; and wealth is like a sort of price of the value of other things, wherefore all things appear to be purchasable by it).
§2.16.2καὶ τρυφεροὶ καὶ σαλάκωνες, τρυφεροὶ μὲν διὰ τὴν τροφὴν καὶ τὴν ἔνδειξιν τῆς εὐδαιμονίας, σαλάκωνες δὲ καὶ σόλοικοι διὰ τὸ πάντας εἰωθέναι διατρίβειν περὶ τὸ ἐρώμενον καὶ θαυμαζόμενον ὑπʼ αὐτῶν. καὶ τὸ οἴεσθαι ζηλοῦν τοὺς ἄλλους ἃ καὶ αὐτοί.
They are also luxurious and ostentatious: luxurious indeed on account of their mode of life and the display of their prosperity, but ostentatious and rude because of everyone being accustomed to spend time around what is loved and admired by them, and because of their thinking that others emulate what they themselves do.
ἅμα δὲ καὶ εἰκότως τοῦτο πάσχουσιν (πολλοὶ γάρ εἰσιν οἱ δεόμενοι τῶν ἐχόντων· ὅθεν καὶ τὸ Σιμωνίδου εἴρηται περὶ τῶν σοφῶν καὶ πλουσίων πρὸς τὴν γυναῖκα τὴν Ἱέρωνος ἐρομένην πότερον γενέσθαι κρεῖττον πλούσιον ἢ σοφόν· πλούσιον εἰπεῖν· τοὺς σοφοὺς γὰρ ἔφη ὁρᾶν ἐπὶ ταῖς τῶν πλουσίων θύραις διατρίβοντας),
And at the same time, they reasonably feel this (for those who need the possessors of wealth are many; hence also the saying of Simonides about the wise and the rich was uttered to the wife of Hiero, when she asked whether it was better to become rich or wise, and he replied, "Rich"; for he said he saw the wise spending their time at the doors of the rich).
§2.16.3καὶ τὸ οἴεσθαι ἀξίους εἶναι ἄρχειν· ἔχειν γὰρ οἴονται ὧν ἕνεκεν ἄρχειν ἄξιον.
They also think themselves worthy to rule; for they think they possess those things for the sake of which it is worthy to rule.
καὶ ὡς ἐν κεφαλαίῳ, ἀνοήτου εὐδαίμονος ἦθος ἦθος πλούτου ἐστίν.
And to put it in a nutshell, the character of wealth is that of a foolishly happy person.
§2.16.4διαφέρει δὲ τοῖς νεωστὶ κεκτημένοις καὶ τοῖς πάλαι τὰ ἤθη τῷ ἅπαντα μᾶλλον καὶ φαυλότερα τὰ κακὰ ἔχειν τοὺς νεοπλούτους (ὥσπερ γὰρ ἀπαιδευσία πλούτου ἐστὶ τὸ νεόπλουτον εἶναι), καὶ ἀδικήματα ἀδικοῦσιν οὐ κακουργικά, ἀλλὰ τὰ μὲν ὑβριστικὰ τὰ δὲ ἀκρατευτικά, οἷον εἰς αἰκίαν καὶ μοιχείαν.
But the characters of those who have recently acquired wealth differ from those who have possessed it of old, in that the newly rich have all vices to a greater degree and in a worse form (for to be newly rich is, as it were, the ill-breeding of wealth); and the injustices they commit are not malicious, but some are from insolence and others from lack of self-control, such as assault and adultery.

Notes

  1. 1391aὁ δὲ πλοῦτος οἷον τιμή τις τῆς ἀξίας τῶν ἄλλων — And wealth is like a sort of price of the value of other things. Although τιμή usually means 'honor,' here it refers to 'value,' 'valuation,' or 'price,' expressing how wealth acts as a universal measure to estimate the value of all other things.
  2. 5καὶ τὸ οἴεσθαι ζηλοῦν τοὺς ἄλλους ἃ καὶ αὐτοί. — Structurally, this accusative and infinitive phrase either coordinates with the preceding διὰ τό ... (expressing the reason for being ostentatious and rude) or stands as an independent nominalized phrase. The phrase ἃ καὶ αὐτοί means 'the very things which they themselves [envy or desire],' indicating the rich's self-centered assumption that everyone shares their values.
  3. 15ἀπαιδευσία πλούτου — Ill-breeding of wealth. The genitive πλούτου modifies the noun ἀπαιδευσία, metaphorically comparing the newly rich's lack of proper manners and virtue in handling wealth to being uneducated or ill-bred.

Cite this passage

Aristotle, Rhetoric §2.16.1-2.16.4. Humanitext Reader, https://reader.humanitext.ai/en/text/urn:cts:greekLit:tlg0086.tlg038.humanitext-grc2:2.16.1-2.16.4

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