§3.26Διὰ τί οἱ οἰνόφλυγες τρέμουσιν, καὶ μᾶλλον ὅσῳ ἂν ἀκρατοποτῶσιν;
Why do habitual drunkards tremble, and the more so the more they drink unmixed wine?
ἔστιν δὲ ὁ μὲν οἶνος θερμαντικός, ὁ δὲ τρόμος γίνεται μάλιστα ὑπὸ ψυχροῦ, διὸ οἱ ῥιγῶντες μάλιστα τρέμουσιν.
For wine is heating, while trembling is caused especially by cold, wherefore those who shiver with cold tremble most.
πολλοῖς δ’ ἤδη χρωμένοις μόνῳ ἀκράτῳ τροφῆς χάριν τρόμοι τε ἰσχυροὶ συνέβησαν, ὥστε ἀπορρίπτειν τοὺς θλίβοντας, καὶ τῷ θερμῷ ὕδατι λουόμενοι ἀναισθήτως εἶχον.
Indeed, in many who already used only unmixed wine for the sake of nourishment, violent tremors occurred, so that they cast off those who held them, and when bathing in hot water they were insensible.
ἕτεροι δὲ τοῦτον τὸν τρόπον διαιτώμενοι, καὶ τρίψεσι χρώμενοι καὶ τροφῇ κρέασι, πρὸς ἀποπληκτικὰς ἀρρωστίας ἤλασαν· οἷς τρόμοι μὲν διὰ τὴν ἀκινησίαν ἧττον ἐνέπιπτον, πόνος δὲ ἰσχυρὸς καὶ τὸ μὴ δύνασθαι ἡσυχάζειν ἤδη.
But others, living in this manner and using rubs and a diet of meat, proceeded to apoplectic diseases; in whom tremors fell upon them less because of inaction, but a violent pain and the inability to remain quiet already occurred.
τοῦ μὲν τρόμου αἰτία ἡ ψυχρότης· φαίνονται γάρ, ὥσπερ εἴρηται, οἵ τε ῥιγῶντες τοῦτο πάσχοντες καὶ οἱ σφόδρα γέροντες.
The cause of trembling is cold; for, as has been said, both those who shiver with cold and those who are very old appear to suffer this.
ἀμφοτέρων δὲ τούτων τῶν μὲν τὸ πάθος ψυχρόν, τῶν δὲ ἡ ἡλικία· ὁ δὲ οἶνος θερμαντικώτατος, ὥσθ’ ὑπεναντίον ἄν τι συμβαίνοι.
And of both of these, the affection of the former is cold, and the age of the latter; but wine is extremely heating, so that the opposite might happen.
ἢ οὐθὲν κωλύει γίνεσθαι ταὐτὸ ὑπὸ ἐναντίων, μὴ ὡσαύτως δὲ ποιούντων, οἷον καὶ ὑπὸ τῶν πάγων ἀποκάεται καὶ ὑπὸ θερμοῦ, ὅταν ὁ πάγος ἀθρόον ποιήσῃ τὸ θερμόν· ὥστ’ ἔστι μὲν ὡς ὑπ’ ἐναντίων τὸ πάθος τὸ αὐτὸ συμβαίνειν· ἔστι δὲ ὡς ὑπὸ τοῦ αὐτοῦ τὸ αὐτό.
Or does nothing prevent the same effect from being produced by opposites, though not in the same way, just as things are burnt both by frost and by heat, when the frost concentrates the heat all at once; so that it is possible for the same affection to occur in one way from opposites, and in another way from the same.
ὁ δὲ τρόμος γίνεται μὲν ὑπ’ ἐνδείας θερμοῦ, οὐ παντός, ἀλλὰ τοῦ οἰκείου.
Now trembling occurs from a deficiency of heat, not of all heat, but of that which is innate.
φθείρεται δὲ τὸ θερμὸν ἢ μαράνσει ἢ σβέσει, σβέσει μὲν ὑπὸ τῶν ἐναντίων, ὑπὸ ψυχροῦ καὶ ὑγροῦ, μαράνσει δὲ ἐνδείᾳ τροφῆς, οἷον οἱ λύχνοι, ὅταν μὴ ἔχωσιν ὑπέκκαυμα μηδ’ ἔλαιον· ἢ ὑπὸ θερμοῦ ἀλλοτρίου, οἷον τὸ πῦρ ἐν τῷ ἡλίῳ καὶ οἱ λύχνοι παρὰ τὸ πῦρ.
And heat is destroyed either by withering or by extinction; by extinction by opposites, namely by cold and wet, and by withering through a deficiency of nourishment, just as lamps when they have neither fuel nor oil; or by external heat, as the fire in the sun, and lamps near a fire.
οἱ μὲν οὖν ῥιγῶντες ὑπὸ ψυχροῦ σβεννυμένου τοῦ θερμοῦ τρέμουσιν.
Therefore, those who shiver with cold tremble because their heat is extinguished by the cold.
διὸ καὶ τοῖς προσχεομένοις τὸ θερμὸν αἱ φρῖκαι γίνονται· ἐγκατακλειόμενον γὰρ τὸ ψυχρὸν εἴσω καὶ ἀντιπεριιστάμενον ἵστησι τὰς τρίχας· καὶ τῷ ἀρχομένῳ πυρέττειν τὸ γινόμενον ῥῖγος δι’ ὁμοίαν αἰτίαν γίνεται.
Wherefore shivering also occurs to those who pour warm water over themselves; for the cold being shut inside and recoiling (undergoing antiperistasis) makes the hair stand on end; and the shivering that occurs to one beginning to have a fever is due to a similar cause.
ἐν δὲ τῷ γήρᾳ τὸ θερμὸν μαραίνεται τῆς τροφῆς ὑπολειπούσης.
In old age, the heat is withered because nourishment fails.
τροφὴ μὲν γὰρ ὑγρὸν τῷ θερμῷ, τὸ δὲ γῆρας ψυχρόν.
For nourishment for heat is moisture, but old age is cold.
οἱ δὲ οἰνόφλυγες μαραινομένης μὲν τῆς οἰκείας θερμότητος τρέμουσι, κἂν εἴ τινες ἄλλοι τοῦτο πάσχουσι διὰ τὸν οἶνον, οὐ τὸν αὐτὸν δὲ τρόπον τοῖς διὰ γῆρας, ἀλλ’ ἔτι τρίτος ἦν τρόπος τῆς τοῦ θερμοῦ φθορᾶς.
But habitual drunkards tremble because their innate heat is withered (and if any others suffer this because of wine, it is not in the same manner as those through old age, but there was still a third way of destruction of the heat).
ὅταν γὰρ ὑπερβάλλοντι χρῶνται ἐν τῷ σώματι, πολλὴ οὖσα ἡ θερμότης ἢ ἀποσβέννυσιν ἢ ἀσθενῆ ποιεῖ τὴν οἰκείαν θερμότητα ᾗ ἰσχύομεν·
For when they introduce an excess of it into the body, the heat, being abundant, either extinguishes or makes weak the innate heat by which we are strong.
ἔστι γὰρ ὅταν μὴ κρατῇ τὸ κινοῦν τοῦ κινουμένου, οἷον ὅταν ξύλον μακρὸν καὶ μέγα μὴ εὐκρατῶς ἔχῃ τις, τὸ ἄκρον τρέμει.
For when the mover does not master that which is moved, just as when someone does not hold a long and large piece of wood in easy control, the end trembles.
γίνεται δὲ τοῦτο ἢ τῷ τὸ ἐχόμενον μεῖζον εἶναι ἢ τῷ τὸ κινοῦν ἔλαττον.
And this happens either because that which is held is too large, or because the mover is too small.
συμβαίνει δὲ σβεννυμένου τοῦ θερμοῦ (δοκεῖ γὰρ αἴτιον τοῦτο εἶναι τοῦ κινεῖσθαι τοῖς ζῴοις) μὴ κρατεῖν τὴν φύσιν.
And it happens that when the heat is extinguished (for this is thought to be the cause of motion in animals) nature does not hold master.
σημεῖον δ’ ὅτι διὰ ψυχρότητα γίνεται τὸ πάθος τοῖς οἰνόφλυξιν καὶ τοῖς πρεσβύταις, ὅτι ἄνευ ῥίγους γίνεται ὁ τρόμος.
And a sign that this affection occurs to habitual drunkards and to the elderly because of coldness is that the trembling occurs without shivering.
§3.27Διὰ τί ὁ ἀκροθώραξ μᾶλλον παροινεῖ τοῦ μᾶλλον μεθύοντος καὶ τοῦ νήφοντος;
Why does the tipsy person misbehave in wine more than the completely drunk and the sober?
ἢ ὅτι ὁ μὲν νήφων εὖ κρίνει, ὁ δὲ παντάπασιν μεθύων διὰ τὸ τὰς αἰσθήσεις ἐπιπεπλασμένας εἶναι, οὐ δυνάμενος τὸ βάρος φέρειν, οὐ κρίνει· οὐ κρίνων δὲ οὐ παροινεῖ.
Is it because the sober person judges well, and the completely drunk, because their senses are clogged, being unable to bear the weight, does not judge; and not judging, they do not misbehave?
ὁ δὲ ἀκροθώραξ κρίνει τε καὶ διὰ τὸν οἶνον κακῶς κρίνει, ὥστε παροινεῖ·
But the tipsy person both judges and, because of the wine, judges badly, so that they misbehave.
ὥσπερ καὶ Σάτυρον τὸν Κλαζομένιον ὄντα φιλολοίδορον, φεύγοντα δίκην, ἵνα ὑπὲρ τοῦ πράγματος λέγῃ καὶ μὴ λοιδορῆται, τὰ ὦτα ἐπέπλασαν, ἵνα μὴ ἀκούων εἰς λοιδορίαν τρέπηται· παυομένου δὲ τοῦ ἀντιδίκου ἀφεῖλον·
Just as they plastered over the ears of Satyrus of Clazomenae, who was fond of abusing people, when he was a defendant in a lawsuit, so that he might speak on the case and not abuse; lest hearing he should turn to abuse.
μικρὰ δὲ ἀκούσας ἔτι λέγοντος οὐκ ἀπέσχετο, ἀλλὰ κακῶς ἔλεγεν, διὰ τὸ αἰσθάνεσθαι μὲν, κακῶς δὲ κρίνειν.
And when his opponent stopped speaking, they removed the plaster; but having heard a little of his opponent still speaking, he did not hold back but spoke badly of him, because of perceiving indeed, but judging badly.
§3.28Διὰ τί πρὸς τὸν γλυκὺν οἶνον ἡδίω ὄντα οὐ γίνονται οἰνόφλυγες;
Why do people not become habitual drunkards towards sweet wine, though it is more pleasant?
ἢ ὅτι οὐκ ἴδιον χυμὸν ἔχει ὁ γλυκύς, ἀλλ’ ἀλλότριον;
Or is it because sweet wine does not have its own proper flavor, but an alien one?
φιλόγλυκυς οὖν μᾶλλον ἢ φίλοινος ἔσται ὁ κεκρατημένος.
Therefore, the one who is overcome by it will be a lover of sweetness rather than a lover of wine.