§10.23Διὰ τί αἱ μὲν τῶν προβάτων τρίχες ὅσῳ ἂν μακρότεραι ὦσι, σκληρότεραι γίνονται, αἱ δὲ τῶν ἀνθρώπων μαλακώτεραι;
Why is it that the wool of sheep, the longer it is, the harder it becomes, whereas human hair becomes softer?
ἢ ὅτι αἱ τῶν προβάτων, οἵαν εἴρηται τροφὴν ἔχουσαι, μακρὰν τῆς ἀρχῆς ἀπαρτώμεναι ἀτροφώτεραί εἰσι, καὶ ῥᾳδίως ἐξ αὐτῶν ἐξατμίζεται ὑπὸ τοῦ θερμοῦ ἡ ἐνυπάρχουσα τροφὴ δι’ εὐπεψίαν;
Is it because the wool of sheep, possessing such nourishment as has been described, becomes undernourished when suspended far from its source, and the nourishment contained within it easily evaporates from them under the influence of the heat, because of its easy digestibility?
ξηραινόμεναι δὲ ξηρότεραι γίνονται· τὸ γὰρ ὑγρὸν μαλακόν.
And when dried, they become harder; for what is moist is soft.
αἱ δὲ τῶν ἀνθρώπων ἐλάττω μέν, μᾶλλον δὲ τῆς ἀρχῆς.
On the other hand, human hair is shorter, but closer to its source.
πέττεται δὲ αὐταῖς μᾶλλον διὰ τὸ ἐλάττω εἶναι· πεττομένη δὲ μαλακωτέραν ποιεῖ τὴν τρίχα· πάντα γὰρ τὰ πεπεμμένα τῶν ἀπέπτων μαλακώτερά ἐστιν.
And it is more digested in them because it is shorter; and being digested, it makes the hair softer; for all things that are digested are softer than those that are undigested.
ἐκ περιττώματος γὰρ πλείστου ἡ τοῦ ἀνθρώπου θρὶξ ἢ ἡ τοῦ προβάτου.
For the hair of man is formed from more residue than that of sheep.
σημεῖον δέ· τὰ γὰρ νέα πρόβατα τῶν παλαιῶν μαλακώτερα ἔχει τὰ ἔρια.
And this is proven by the fact that young sheep have softer wool than old ones.
§10.24Διὰ τί οἱ ἄνθρωποι καὶ οἱ ὄρνιθες οἱ δασεῖς λάγνοι εἰσίν;
Why are hairy men and birds lustful?
ἢ ὅτι θερμοὶ καὶ ὑγροὶ τὴν φύσιν εἰσί, δεῖ δὲ ἀμφοῖν πρὸς τὴν ὀχείαν.
Is it because they are by nature warm and moist, and both of these are needed for copulation?
τὸ μὲν γὰρ θερμὸν ἐκκρίνει, τὸ δὲ ὑγρὸν ἐκκρίνεται.
For the warm element excretes, and the moist element is excreted.
διὰ τὸ αὐτὸ δὲ καὶ οἱ χωλοὶ ἄνδρες· ἡ γὰρ τροφὴ αὐτοῖς ὀλίγη κάτω μὲν ἀφικνεῖται διὰ τὴν ἀναπηρίαν τῶν σκελῶν, εἰς δὲ τὸν ἐπάνω τόπον ἔρχεται πολλὴ καὶ εἰς σπέρμα συγκρίνεται.
And for the same reason, lame men are also lustful; for because of the mutilation of their legs, little nourishment reaches the lower parts, but a large amount goes to the upper region and is concentrated into semen.
§10.25Διὰ τί ὁ ἄνθρωπος χαίτην οὐκ ἔχει;
Why does man not have a mane?
ἢ διότι πώγωνα ἔχει, ὥστε ἡ ἐκεῖ ἀπελθοῦσα τροφὴ τῆς τοιαύτης περιττώσεως εἰς τὰς σιαγόνας ἔρχεται;
Is it because he has a beard, so that the nourishment of such residue, which would have gone there, goes to the jaws?
§10.26Διὰ τί πάντα τὰ ζῷα ἀρτίους τοὺς πόδας ἔχει;
Why do all animals have an even number of feet?
ἢ ὅτι οὐκ ἐνδέχεται κινεῖσθαι μὴ ἑστηκότος τινός, ἂν μὴ ἅλληται;
Is it because it is impossible to move unless something is at rest, except when leaping?
ἐπεὶ τοίνυν ἐκ δυοῖν τινοῖν κίνησιν ἀνάγκη τῇ πορείᾳ εἶναι, ἔκ τε κινήσεως καὶ στάσεως, ταῦτα δὲ δύο καὶ ἄρτια ἤδη.
Since, therefore, it is necessary for movement in walking to come from two things, namely movement and rest, these are two and already an even number.
καὶ τετράποδα, διότι πλείους· τοὺς μὲν γὰρ δύο κινεῖ, οἱ δὲ δύο ἑστήκασι, καὶ οἱ ἕξ· καὶ τὰ ἄλλα δὲ δύο ἔτι· τούτων δὲ τὸ μὲν κινεῖται, τὸ δὲ ἕστηκεν.
And it is the same with quadrupeds, because they have more feet; for they move two, while two are at rest, and so too with six-footed animals; and indeed with any further pairs of feet, one of these is in motion, and the other is at rest.
§10.27Διὰ τί τοῖς μὲν ἵπποις καὶ τοῖς ὄνοις ἐκ τῶν οὐλῶν φύονται τρίχες, τοῖς δὲ ἀνθρώποις οὔ;
Why is it that in horses and asses hair grows from scars, but not in men?
ἢ διότι τοῖς μὲν ἄλλοις ζῴοις ἐστὶ τὸ δέρμα μέρος τῆς σαρκός, ἀνθρώπῳ δὲ καθάπερ πάθος σαρκός;
Is it because in other animals the skin is a part of the flesh, whereas in man it is as it were an affection of the flesh?
δοκεῖ γὰρ αὐτοῖς τὸ ἐπιπολῆς καταψυχόμενον στερεώτερον γίνεσθαι, καθάπερ τῶν ἑφθῶν ἀλεύρων αἱ γραῖαι καλούμεναι.
For in them that which is cooled on the surface seems to become harder, just like the so-called "old women" formed on boiled flour.
ἐπεὶ οὖν κἀκεῖναί εἰσιν ἄλευρον ἑφθόν, καὶ τὸ τοῦ ἀνθρώπου καλούμενον δέρμα σὰρξ ἂν εἴη τραυματισθέντος δὲ ἢ τριβέντος ἀνθρώπου μὲν τὴν σάρκα συμβαίνει πυκνοῦσθαι·
Since, therefore, those too are boiled flour, the so-called skin of man would also be flesh.
διὸ ἠλλοιωμένης τῆς ἐπιπολῆς σαρκὸς οὐ τὴν αὐτὴν φύσιν λαμβάνει τὰ τραύματα ἧπερ καὶ ἐκ γενετῆς·
But when a man is wounded or rubbed, his flesh happens to become condensed; therefore, because the surface flesh has been altered, the wounds do not assume the same nature as they had from birth.
ἀλλοιωθείσης δ’ αὐτῆς μὴ γίνεσθαι ἔτι τὸ ἐξ αὐτῆς οὐθὲν ἄτοπον, καθάπερ καὶ ἐκ τῶν ἀλωπεκιῶν καλουμένων· καὶ γὰρ αὗται τῆς ἐπιπολῆς σαρκὸς φθοραὶ καὶ ἀλλοιώσεις εἰσίν.
And once it has been altered, it is not at all strange that nothing formed from it should grow any longer, just as in the case of what is called mange (alopecia); for these too are corruptions and alterations of the surface flesh.
τῶν δὲ ὑποζυγίων τριβέντων καὶ ὑγιαζομένων πάλιν ἀναπληροῦται τὰ νενοσηκότα μέρη τοῦ σώματος τῶν αὐτῶν μέν, ἀσθενεστέρων δ’ ἢ ἐξ ἀρχῆς ἦν.
On the other hand, when beasts of burden are rubbed and healed, the diseased parts of the body are filled up again with the same substances, though weaker than they were originally.
ἐπεὶ δ’ ἐστὶ καὶ τὸ δέρμα μέρος αὐτῶν, γίνοιντό τε ἂν καὶ φύοιντο τρίχες (ἐκ δέρματος γὰρ φύονται τρίχες), λευκαὶ δὲ φύονται διὰ τὸ τὸ δέρμα ἀσθενέστερον γεγονέναι τοῦ ἐξ ἀρχῆς, καὶ τὴν λευκὴν ἀσθενεστάτην εἶναι τρίχα.
And since the skin is also a part of them, hair would be produced and grow (for hair grows from the skin), but it grows white because the skin has become weaker than it was originally, and white hair is the weakest.