§8.1338aτὸ δὲ σχολάζειν ἔχειν αὐτὸ δοκεῖ τὴν ἡδονὴν καὶ τὴν εὐδαιμονίαν καὶ τὸ ζῆν μακαρίως.
And to use leisure seems itself to contain pleasure and happiness and living blessedly.
τοῦτο δʼ οὐ τοῖς ἀσχολοῦσιν ὑπάρχει ἀλλὰ τοῖς σχολάζουσιν·
And this is present not to those who are busy but to those who use leisure.
ὁ μὲν γὰρ ἀσχολῶν ἕνεκα τινος ἀσχολεῖ τέλους ὡς οὐχ ὑπάρχοντος, ἡ δʼ εὐδαιμονία τέλος ἐστίν, ἣν οὐ μετὰ λύπης ἀλλὰ μεθʼ ἡδονῆς οἴονται πάντες εἶναι.
For the person who is busy acts for the sake of some end as not being present, whereas happiness is an end, which all think is accompanied not by pain but by pleasure.
ταύτην μέντοι τὴν ἡδονὴν οὐκέτι τὴν αὐτὴν τιθέασιν, ἀλλὰ καθʼ ἑαυτοὺς ἕκαστος καὶ τὴν ἕξιν τὴν αὑτῶν, ὁ δʼ ἄριστος τὴν ἀρίστην καὶ τὴν ἀπὸ τῶν καλλίστων.
However, they no longer posit this pleasure as the same, but each according to themselves and their own disposition, and the best person posits the best pleasure and that which comes from the most beautiful things.
ὥστε φανερὸν ὅτι δεῖ καὶ πρὸς τὴν ἐν τῇ διαγωγῇ μανθάνειν ἄττα καὶ παιδεύεσθαι, καὶ ταῦτα μὲν τὰ παιδεύματα καὶ ταύτας τὰς μαθήσεις ἑαυτῶν εἶναι χάριν, τὰς δὲ πρὸς τὴν ἀσχολίαν ὡς ἀναγκαίας καὶ χάριν ἄλλων.
So it is clear that one must also learn certain things and be educated with a view to the occupation in leisure, and that these subjects of education and these studies are for their own sake, whereas those looking to business are necessary and for the sake of other things.
διὸ καὶ τὴν μουσικὴν οἱ πρότερον εἰς παιδείαν ἔταξαν οὐχ ὡς ἀναγκαῖον (oὐδὲν γὰρ ἔχει τοιοῦτον), οὐδʼ ὡς χρήσιμον (ὥσπερ τὰ γράμματα πρὸς χρηματισμὸν καὶ πρὸς οἰκονομίαν καὶ πρὸς μάθησιν καὶ πρὸς πολιτικὰς πράξεις πολλάς, δοκεῖ δὲ καὶ γραφικὴ χρήσιμος εἶναι πρὸς τὸ κρίνειν τὰ τῶν τεχνιτῶν ἔργα κάλλιον), οὐδʼ αὖ καθάπερ ἡ γυμναστικὴ πρὸς ὑγίειαν καὶ ἀλκήν (οὐδέτερον γὰρ τούτων ὁρῶμεν γιγνόμενον ἐκ τῆς μουσικῆς)· λείπεται τοίνυν πρὸς τὴν ἐν τῇ σχολῇ διαγωγήν, εἰς ὅπερ καὶ φαίνονται παράγοντες αὐτήν.
Therefore, those of old also placed music in education, not as being necessary (for it has nothing of this sort) nor as being useful (as reading and writing are useful with a view to money-making, household management, learning, and many political actions, and drawing also seems to be useful with a view to judging the works of artisans better), nor again as gymnastics is with a view to health and vigor (for we see neither of these arising from music); it remains, then, for the occupation in leisure, into which indeed they are seen to introduce it.
ἣν γὰρ οἴονται διαγωγὴν εἶναι τῶν ἐλευθέρων, ἐν ταύτῃ τάττουσιν.
For that which they think is the pastime of free persons, in this they class it.
διόπερ Ὅμηρος οὕτως ἐποίησεν
"
ἀλλʼ οἶον μέν ἐστι καλεῖν ἐπὶ δαῖτα θαλείην,
"
καὶ οὕτω προειπὼν ἑτέρους τινὰς
"
οἳ καλέουσιν ἀοιδόν
"
φησίν,
"
ὅ κεν τέρπῃσιν ἅπαντας.
Therefore Homer wrote thus: "but such a one alone is it right to call to a rich feast, "and after having spoken beforehand of certain others, "who call a singer, "he says, "who may delight them all.
"
καὶ ἐν ἄλλοις δέ φησιν ὁ Ὀδυσσεὺς ταύτην ἀρίστην εἶναι διαγωγήν, ὅταν εὐφραινομένων τῶν ἀνθρώπων
"
δαιτυμόνες δʼ ἀνὰ δώματʼ ἀκουάζωνται ἀοιδοῦ
ἥμενοι ἑξείης.
"And in other passages Odysseus says that this is the best pastime, when, while men are making merry, "the banqueters throughout the house listen to a singer, sitting in order.
"
ὅτι μὲν τοίνυν ἔστι παιδεία τις ἣν οὐχ ὡς χρησίμην παιδευτέον τοὺς υἱεῖς οὐδʼ ὡς ἀναγκαίαν ἀλλʼ ὡς ἐλευθέριον καὶ καλήν, φανερόν ἐστιν· πότερον δὲ μία τὸν ἀριθμὸν ἢ πλείους, καὶ τίνες αὗται καὶ πῶς, ὕστερον λεκτέον περὶ αὐτῶν.
"That, therefore, there is a certain education in which one must educate one's sons not as being useful or as being necessary, but as being liberal and beautiful, is manifest; but whether it is one in number or more, and what these are and how, must be spoken of later concerning them.
νῦν δὲ τοσοῦτον ἡμῖν εἶναι πρὸ ὁδοῦ γέγονεν, ὅτι καὶ παρὰ τῶν ἀρχαίων ἔχομέν τινα μαρτυρίαν ἐκ τῶν καταβεβλημένων παιδευμάτων· ἡ γὰρ μουσικὴ τοῦτο ποιεῖ δῆλον.
But for the present, so much has become of service for our way, that we have some testimony also from the ancients from the established subjects of education; for music makes this clear.
ἔτι δὲ καὶ τῶν χρησίμων ὅτι δεῖ τινα παιδεύεσθαι τοὺς παῖδας οὐ μόνον διὰ τὸ χρήσιμον, οἷον τὴν τῶν γραμμάτων μάθησιν, ἀλλὰ καὶ διὰ τὸ πολλὰς ἐνδέχεσθαι γίγνεσθαι διʼ αὐτῶν μαθήσεις ἑτέρας, ὁμοίως δὲ καὶ τὴν γραφικὴν οὐχ ἵνα ἐν τοῖς ἰδίοις ὠνίοις μὴ διαμαρτάνωσιν ἀλλʼ ὦσιν ἀνεξαπάτητοι πρὸς τὴν τῶν σκευῶν ὠνήν τε καὶ πρᾶσιν,
And furthermore, that even of the useful subjects, children must be educated in some of them not only because of their usefulness, such as the study of reading and writing, but also because it is possible for many other studies to arise through them; and similarly also drawing, not so that they may not make mistakes in their private purchases, but so that they may be free from deceit in the purchase and sale of utensils.