§7.1336bκαὶ μέχρι τῶν ἑπτὰ ἐτῶν, ἀναγκαῖον οἴκοι τὴν τροφὴν ἔχειν.
and up to seven years of age, it is necessary to have their nourishment at home.
εὔλογον οὖν ἀπολαύειν ἀπὸ τῶν ἀκουσμάτων καὶ τῶν ὁραμάτων ἀνελευθερίαν καὶ τηλικούτους ὄντας.
Therefore, it is reasonable that, even being of such an age, they should contract illiberality from what they hear and see.
ὅλως μὲν οὖν αἰσχρολογίαν ἐκ τῆς πόλεως, ὥσπερ ἄλλο τι, δεῖ τὸν νομοθέτην ἐξορίζειν (ἐκ τοῦ γὰρ εὐχερῶς λέγειν ὁτιοῦν τῶν αἰσχρῶν γίνεται καὶ τὸ ποιεῖν σύνεγγυς)· μάλιστα μὲν οὖν ἐκ τῶν νέων, ὅπως μήτε λέγωσι μήτε ἀκούωσι μηδὲν τοιοῦτον·
On the whole, then, the legislator must banish shameful language from the city, like any other evil (for from speaking lightly of any shameful thing, the doing of it also becomes near at hand); especially, therefore, from among the young, so that they may neither speak nor hear anything of the sort.
ἐὰν δέ τις φαίνηταί τι λέγων ἢ πράττων τῶν ἀπηγορευμένων, τὸν μὲν ἐλεύθερον μὲν μήπω δὲ κατακλίσεως ἠξιωμένον ἐν τοῖς συσσιτίοις ἀτιμίαις κολάζειν καὶ πληγαῖς, τὸν δὲ πρεσβύτερον τῆς ἡλικίας ταύτης ἀτιμίαις ἀνελευθέροις ἀνδραποδωδίας χάριν.
And if anyone should appear saying or doing any of the forbidden things, if he is a freeborn youth who is not yet deemed worthy of reclining at the common meals, they should punish him with dishonors and blows, but if he is older than this age, with dishonors unsuitable to a free person, on account of his slavish behavior.
ἐπεὶ δὲ τὸ λέγειν τι τῶν τοιούτων ἐξορίζομεν, φανερὸν ὅτι καὶ τὸ θεωρεῖν ἢ γραφὰς ἢ λόγους ἀσχήμονας.
And since we banish the speaking of any such things, it is clear that we must also banish the viewing of indecent pictures or stories.
ἐπιμελὲς μὲν οὖν ἔστω τοῖς ἄρχουσι μηθέν, μήτε ἄγαλμα μήτε γραφήν, εἶναι τοιούτων πράξεων μίμησιν, εἰ μὴ παρά τισι θεοῖς τοιούτοις οἷς καὶ τὸν τωθασμὸν ἀποδίδωσιν ὁ νόμος.
Therefore, let it be the care of the officials that no statue or painting shall be an imitation of such actions, except in the presence of certain gods of such a kind to whom the law attributes even scurrility.
πρὸς δὲ τούτους ἀφίησιν ὁ νόμος τοὺς τὴν ἡλικίαν ἔχοντας ἔτι τὴν ἱκνουμένην καὶ ὑπὲρ αὑτῶν καὶ τέκνων καὶ γυναικῶν τιμαλφεῖν τοὺς θεούς· τοὺς δὲ νεωτέρους οὔτʼ ἰάμβων οὔτε κωμῳδίας θεατὰς ἐατέον, πρὶν ἢ τὴν ἡλικίαν λάβωσιν ἐν ᾗ καὶ κατακλίσεως ὑπάρξει κοινωνεῖν ἤδη καὶ μέθης, καὶ τῆς ἀπὸ τῶν τοιούτων γιγνομένης βλάβης ἀπαθεῖς ἡ παιδεία ποιήσει πάντως.
But to these gods, the law permits those who have already reached the fitting age to pay honor to the gods both on behalf of themselves and of their children and wives; but the younger ones must not be allowed to be spectators of either iambic verses or comedy, until they reach the age at which it will already be permitted to share in reclining at table and drinking, and their education will make them entirely immune to the harm resulting from such things.
νῦν μὲν οὖν ἐν παραδρομῇ τοῦτον πεποιήμεθα τὸν λόγον· ὕστερον δʼ ἐπιστήσαντας δεῖ διορίσαι μᾶλλον, εἴτε μὴ δεῖ πρῶτον εἴτε δεῖ διαπορήσαντας, καὶ πῶς δεῖ· κατὰ δὲ τὸν παρόντα καιρὸν ἐμνήσθημεν ὡς ἀναγκαῖον.
Now, therefore, we have made this discussion in passing; but later we must pause and define it more fully, first raising the difficulties whether they ought not or ought to be admitted, and how they ought; but for the present occasion we have mentioned it as a necessary matter.
ἴσως γὰρ οὐ κακῶς ἔλεγε τὸ τοιοῦτον Θεόδωρος ὁ τῆς τραγῳδίας ὑποκριτής· οὐθενὶ γὰρ πώποτε παρῆκεν ἑαυτοῦ προεισάγειν, οὐδὲ τῶν εὐτελῶν ὑποκριτῶν, ὡς οἰκειουμένων τῶν θεατῶν ταῖς πρώταις ἀκοαῖς· συμβαίνει δὲ ταὐτὸ τοῦτο καὶ πρὸς τὰς τῶν ἀνθρώπων ὁμιλίας καὶ πρὸς τὰς τῶν πραγμάτων· πάντα γὰρ στέργομεν τὰ πρῶτα μᾶλλον.
For perhaps Theodoros, the tragic actor, said something of this sort not badly; for he never permitted anyone, not even the cheap actors, to enter the stage before him, because the spectators become familiarized with the first voices they hear; and this same thing happens both in relation to association with people and to objects; for we always love the first things more.
διὸ δεῖ τοῖς νέοις πάντα ποιεῖν ξένα τὰ φαῦλα, μάλιστα δʼ αὐτῶν ὅσα ἔχει ἢ μοχθηρίαν ἢ δυσμένειαν.
Therefore, one must make all bad things foreign to the young, and especially those of them which contain either baseness or malice.
διελθόντων δὲ τῶν πέντε ἐτῶν τὰ δύο μέχρι τῶν ἑπτὰ δεῖ θεωροὺς ἤδη γίγνεσθαι τῶν μαθήσεων ἃς δεήσει μανθάνειν αὐτούς.
And when the five years have passed, for the two years up to seven, they must already become spectators of the lessons which they themselves will later have to learn.
δύο δʼ εἰσὶν ἡλικίαι πρὸς ἃς ἀναγκαῖον διῃρῆσθαι τὴν παιδείαν, πρὸς τὴν ἀπὸ τῶν ἑπτὰ μέχρι ἥβης καὶ πάλιν μετὰ πρὸς τὴν ἀφʼ ἥβης μέχρι τῶν ἑνὸς καὶ εἴκοσιν ἐτῶν.
And there are two age periods into which it is necessary to divide education: namely, that from seven years up to puberty, and again after that, from puberty up to twenty-one years.
οἱ γὰρ ταῖς ἑβδομάσι διαιροῦντες τὰς ἡλικίας ὡς ἐπὶ τὸ πολὺ λέγουσιν οὐ κακῶς, §7.1337aδεῖ δὲ τῇ διαιρέσει τῆς φύσεως ἐπακολουθεῖν· πᾶσα γὰρ τέχνη καὶ παιδεία τὸ προσλεῖπον βούλεται τῆς φύσεως ἀναπληροῦν.
For those who divide age periods by sevens for the most part speak not badly, but one must follow the division of nature; for all art and education wish to fill up what is left lacking by nature.
πρῶτον μὲν οὖν σκεπτέον εἰ ποιητέον τάξιν τινὰ περὶ τοὺς παῖδας, ἔπειτα πότερον συμφέρει κοινῇ ποιεῖσθαι τὴν ἐπιμέλειαν αὐτῶν ἢ κατʼ ἴδιον τρόπον (ὃ γίγνεται καὶ νῦν ἐν ταῖς πλείσταις τῶν πόλεων), τρίτον δὲ ποίαν τινὰ δεῖ ταύτην εἶναι.
First, then, one must consider whether some regulation ought to be established concerning children; next, whether it is beneficial to make the care of them common, or in a private manner (which is what happens even now in most of the cities); and third, of what sort this care must be.