§7.1326bεἰς δὲ τὶ μέγεθος ἐλθὸν ὁτὲ μὲν διὰ σμικρότητα φαύλην ποιήσει τὴν ναυτιλίαν, ὁτὲ δὲ διὰ τὴν ὑπερβολήν·
and even if it reaches a certain size, at one time it will make navigation bad because of its smallness, and at another time because of its excess.
ὁμοίως δὲ καὶ πόλις ἡ μὲν ἐξ ὀλίγων λίαν οὐκ αὐτάρκης (ἡ δὲ πόλις αὔταρκες), ἡ δὲ ἐκ πολλῶν ἄγαν ἐν μὲν τοῖς ἀναγκαίοις αὐτάρκης ὥσπερ δʼ ἔθνος, ἀλλʼ οὐ πόλις· πολιτείαν γὰρ οὐ ῥᾴδιον ὑπάρχειν·
In the same way also a city, one that consists of too few is not self-sufficient (whereas a city is something self-sufficient), while one that consists of too many is self-sufficient in necessary things, just as a nation (tribe) is, but is not a city; for it is not easy for a constitution to exist in it.
τίς γὰρ στρατηγὸς ἔσται τοῦ λίαν ὑπερβάλλοντος πλήθους, ἢ τίς κῆρυξ μὴ Στεντόρειος;
For who will be the general of an excessively exceeding multitude, or who will be a herald if he does not have the voice of Stentor?
διὸ πρώτην μὲν εἶναι πόλιν ἀναγκαῖον τὴν ἐκ τοσούτου πλήθους ὃ πρῶτον πλῆθος αὔταρκες πρὸς τὸ εὖ ζῆν ἐστι κατὰ τὴν πολιτικὴν κοινωνίαν·
Therefore, it is necessary that a city is first that which consists of such a multitude as is the first multitude self-sufficient for living well in accordance with political association.
ἐνδέχεται δὲ καὶ τὴν ταύτης ὑπερβάλλουσαν κατὰ πλῆθος εἶναι μείζω πόλιν, ἀλλὰ τοῦτʼ οὐκ ἔστιν, ὥσπερ εἴπομεν, ἀόριστον.
And it is possible for a city to be larger by exceeding this in multitude, but this is not, as we said, unlimited.
τίς δʼ ἐστὶν ὁ τῆς ὑπερβολῆς ὅρος, ἐκ τῶν ἔργων ἰδεῖν ῥᾴδιον.
And what the limit of this excess is, is easy to see from its functions.
εἰσὶ γὰρ αἱ πράξεις τῆς πόλεως τῶν μὲν ἀρχόντων τῶν δʼ ἀρχομένων, ἄρχοντος δʼ ἐπίταξις καὶ κρίσις ἔργον·
For the activities of a city belong to those who rule and those who are ruled, and the function of a ruler is command and judgment.
πρὸς δὲ τὸ κρίνειν περὶ τῶν δικαίων καὶ πρὸς τὸ τὰς ἀρχὰς διανέμειν κατʼ ἀξίαν ἀναγκαῖον γνωρίζειν ἀλλήλους, ποῖοί τινές εἰσι, τοὺς πολίτας, ὡς ὅπου τοῦτο μὴ συμβαίνει γίγνεσθαι, φαύλως ἀνάγκη γίγνεσθαι τὰ περὶ τὰς ἀρχὰς καὶ τὰς κρίσεις.
And for the purpose of judging about just matters and distributing offices according to merit, it is necessary for the citizens to know one another, what sort of people they are, since where this does not happen to occur, the matters concerning offices and judgments must necessarily be done badly.
περὶ ἀμφότερα γὰρ οὐ δίκαιον αὐτοσχεδιάζειν, ὅπερ ἐν τῇ πολυανθρωπίᾳ τῇ λίαν ὑπάρχει φανερῶς.
For in both of these matters, it is not just to act offhand, which is what clearly happens in an overly populous city.
ἔτι δὲ ξένοις καὶ μετοίκοις ῥᾴδιον μεταλαμβάνειν τῆς πολιτείας· οὐ γὰρ χαλεπὸν τὸ λανθάνειν διὰ τὴν ὑπερβολὴν τοῦ πλήθους.
Furthermore, it is easy for foreigners and metics to share in the citizenship (constitution); for it is not difficult to escape notice because of the excess of the multitude.
δῆλον τοίνυν ὡς οὗτός ἐστι πόλεως ὅρος ἄριστος, ἡ μεγίστη τοῦ πλήθους ὑπερβολὴ πρὸς αὐτάρκειαν ζωῆς εὐσύνοπτος.
It is clear, then, that this is the best limit of a city: the greatest excess of multitude for self-sufficiency of life that is easily surveyable.
περὶ μὲν οὖν μεγέθους πόλεως διωρίσθω τὸν τρόπον τοῦτον.
Concerning the size of a city, then, let it be defined in this way.
παραπλησίως δὲ καὶ τὰ περὶ τῆς χώρας ἔχει.
In a similar manner, the matters concerning the territory also stand.
περὶ μὲν γὰρ τοῦ ποίαν τινά, δῆλον ὅτι τὴν αὐταρκεστάτην πᾶς τις ἂν ἐπαινέσειεν (τοιαύτην δʼ ἀναγκαῖον εἶναι τὴν παντοφόρον· τὸ γὰρ πάντα ὑπάρχειν καὶ δεῖσθαι μηθενὸς αὔταρκες)· πλήθει δὲ καὶ μεγέθει τοσαύτην ὥστε δύνασθαι τοὺς οἰκοῦντας ζῆν σχολάζοντας ἐλευθερίως ἅμα καὶ σωφρόνως.
For regarding what sort it should be, it is clear that everyone would praise the most self-sufficient (and such a territory must be one that bears all kinds of crops; for having all things and needing nothing is self-sufficiency); and in multitude and size, it should be such that the inhabitants are able to live at leisure, both liberally and temperately.
τοῦτον δὲ τὸν ὅρον εἰ καλῶς ἢ μὴ καλῶς λέγομεν, ὕστερον ἐπισκεπτέον ἀκριβέστερον, ὅταν ὅλως περὶ κτήσεως καὶ τῆς περὶ τὴν οὐσίαν εὐπορίας συμβαίνῃ ποιεῖσθαι μνείαν, πῶς δεῖ καὶ τίνα τρόπον ἔχειν πρὸς τὴν χρῆσιν αὐτῆς· πολλαὶ γὰρ περὶ τὴν σκέψιν ταύτην εἰσὶν ἀμφισβητήσεις διὰ τοὺς ἕλκοντας ἐφʼ ἑκατέραν τοῦ βίου τὴν ὑπερβολήν, τοὺς μὲν ἐπὶ τὴν γλισχρότητα τοὺς δὲ ἐπὶ τὴν τρυφήν.
Whether we state this limit well or not well must be examined more precisely later, when it happens that we make mention of property in general and wealth concerning estate, as to how and in what manner one ought to have it in relation to its use; for there are many controversies concerning this inquiry because of those who drag life toward either of the excesses, some toward stinginess and others toward luxury.
τὸ δʼ εἶδος τῆς χώρας οὐ χαλεπὸν εἰπεῖν (δεῖ δʼ ἔνια πείθεσθαι καὶ τοῖς περὶ τὴν στρατηγίαν ἐμπείροις), ὅτι χρὴ μὲν τοῖς πολεμίοις εἶναι δυσέμβολον αὐτοῖς δʼ εὐέξοδον.
And the form of the territory is not difficult to state (though one must also trust in some points those who are experienced in military command), namely, that it ought to be difficult for enemies to invade but easy for the inhabitants themselves to exit.