§7.1324bοἱ μὲν οὖν οὕτως ὑπολαμβάνουσιν, οἱ δὲ τὸν δεσποτικὸν καὶ τυραννικὸν τρόπον τῆς πολιτείας εἶναι μόνον εὐδαίμονά φασιν.
Thus some assume in this way, while others say that only the despotic and tyrannical style of constitution is happy.
παρʼ ἐνίοις δὲ καὶ τῆς πολιτείας οὗτος ὅρος καὶ τῶν νόμων ὅπως δεσπόζωσι τῶν πέλας.
And among some, this is the limit of both the constitution and the laws: how they may rule over their neighbors.
διὸ καὶ τῶν πλείστων νομίμων χύδην ὡς εἰπεῖν κειμένων παρὰ τοῖς πλείστοις, ὅμως εἴ πού τι πρὸς ἓν οἱ νόμοι βλέπουσι, τοῦ κρατεῖν στοχάζονται πάντες, ὥσπερ ἐν Λακεδαίμονι καὶ Κρήτῃ πρὸς τοὺς πολέμους συντέτακται σχεδὸν ἥ τε παιδεία καὶ τὸ τῶν νόμων πλῆθος·
Therefore, even though most of the legal regulations are laid down at random, so to speak, among most people, nevertheless, if the laws look to one thing anywhere, they all aim at dominating, just as in Lacedaemon and Crete nearly the whole education and the multitude of laws have been organized for wars.
ἔτι δʼ ἐν τοῖς ἔθνεσι πᾶσι τοῖς δυναμένοις πλεονεκτεῖν ἡ τοιαύτη τετίμηται δύναμις, οἷον ἐν Σκύθαις καὶ Πέρσαις καὶ Θρᾳξὶ καὶ Κελτοῖς.
Further, among all nations that are able to gain advantage, such power is honored, as among the Scythians, Persians, Thracians, and Celts.
ἐν ἐνίοις γὰρ καὶ νόμοι τινές εἰσι παροξύνοντες πρὸς τὴν ἀρετὴν ταύτην, καθάπερ ἐν Καρχηδόνι φασὶ τὸν ἐκ τῶν κρίκων κόσμον λαμβάνειν ὅσας ἂν στρατεύσωνται στρατείας·
For among some there are also certain laws incited toward this virtue, just as in Carthage they say that they receive the ornament of rings as many as the campaigns they may have campaigned.
ἦν δέ ποτε καὶ περὶ Μακεδονίαν νόμος τὸν μηθένα ἀπεκταγκότα πολέμιον ἄνδρα περιεζῶσθαι τὴν φορβειάν·
And there was once also a law in Macedonia that anyone who had killed no enemy man must wear a halter.
ἐν δὲ Σκύθαις οὐκ ἐξῆν πίνειν ἐν ἑορτῇ τινι σκύφον περιφερόμενον τῷ μηθένα ἀπεκταγκότι πολέμιον·
Among the Scythians, it was not permitted for anyone who had killed no enemy to drink from a cup carried around at a certain festival.
ἐν δὲ τοῖς Ἴβηρσιν, ἔθνει πολεμικῷ, τοσούτους τὸν ἀριθμὸν ὀβελίσκους καταπηγνύουσι περὶ τὸν τάφον ὅσους ἂν διαφθείρῃ τῶν πολεμίων·
Among the Iberians, a warlike nation, they fix in the ground as many iron spits around the grave as the enemies he may have destroyed.
καὶ ἕτερα δὴ παρʼ ἑτέροις ἔστι τοιαῦτα πολλά, τὰ μὲν νόμοις κατειλημμένα τὰ δὲ ἔθεσιν.
And there are indeed many other such things among other peoples, some established by laws and others by customs.
καίτοι δόξειεν ἂν ἄγαν ἄτοπον ἴσως εἶναι τοῖς βουλομένοις ἐπισκοπεῖν, εἰ τοῦτʼ ἐστὶν ἔργον τοῦ πολιτικοῦ, τὸ δύνασθαι θεωρεῖν ὅπως ἄρχῃ καὶ δεσπόζῃ τῶν πλησίον, καὶ βουλομένων καὶ μὴ βουλομένων.
Yet it would perhaps seem extremely strange to those who wish to examine, if this is the work of a politician: to be able to contemplate how one may rule and despotize over neighbors, both willing and unwilling.
πῶς γὰρ ἂν εἴη τοῦτο πολιτικὸν ἢ νομοθετικόν, ὅ γε μηδὲ νόμιμόν ἐστιν;
For how could this be political or legislative, which is not even lawful?
οὐ νόμιμον δὲ τὸ μὴ μόνον δικαίως ἀλλὰ καὶ ἀδίκως ἄρχειν, κρατεῖν δʼ ἔστι καὶ μὴ δικαίως.
And it is not lawful to rule not only justly but also unjustly, and it is possible to dominate even unjustly.
ἀλλὰ μὴν οὐδʼ ἐν ταῖς ἄλλαις ἐπιστήμαις τοῦτο ὁρῶμεν· οὔτε γὰρ τοῦ ἰατροῦ οὔτε τοῦ κυβερνήτου ἔργον ἐστὶ τὸ ἢ πεῖσαι ἢ βιάσασθαι τοῦ μὲν τοὺς θεραπευομένους τοῦ δὲ τοὺς πλωτῆρας.
But indeed, we do not see this in the other sciences either; for neither is it the work of a physician nor of a helmsman either to persuade or to force, the former his patients, the latter his sailors.
ἀλλʼ ἐοίκασιν οἱ πολλοὶ τὴν δεσποτικὴν πολιτικὴν οἴεσθαι εἶναι, καὶ ὅπερ αὑτοῖς ἕκαστοι οὔ φασιν εἶναι δίκαιον οὐδὲ συμφέρον, τοῦτʼ οὐκ αἰσχύνονται πρὸς τοὺς ἄλλους ἀσκοῦντες· αὐτοὶ μὲν γὰρ παρʼ αὑτοῖς τὸ δικαίως ἄρχειν ζητοῦσι, πρὸς δὲ τοὺς ἄλλους οὐδὲν μέλει τῶν δικαίων.
But the many seem to think that despotic rule is political, and what they say is not just or beneficial for themselves, they are not ashamed to practice toward others; for they seek for themselves to rule justly among themselves, but toward others they care nothing for what is just.
ἄτοπον δὲ εἰ μὴ φύσει τὸ μὲν δεσποστόν ἐστι τὸ δὲ οὐ δεσποστόν, ὥστε εἴπερ ἔχει τὸν τρόπον τοῦτον, οὐ δεῖ πάντων πειρᾶσθαι δεσπόζειν, ἀλλὰ τῶν δεσποστῶν, ὥσπερ οὐδὲ θηρεύειν ἐπὶ θοίνην ἢ θυσίαν ἀνθρώπους, ἀλλὰ τὸ πρὸς τοῦτο θηρευτόν· ἔστι δὲ θηρευτὸν ὃ ἂν ἄγριον ᾖ ἐδεστὸν ζῷον.
And it is strange if it is not the case that by nature one thing is fit to be ruled despotically and another not fit to be ruled despotically, so that if it is in this way, one must not try to rule despotically over all, but over those fit to be ruled despotically, just as one must not hunt for a feast or sacrifice human beings, but what is huntable for this purpose; and what is huntable is whatever wild animal is edible.
ἀλλὰ μὴν εἴη γʼ ἂν καὶ καθʼ ἑαυτὴν μία πόλις εὐδαίμων,
But indeed, even a single city by itself could be happy,