§4.1291aδεύτερον δὲ τὸ καλούμενον βάναυσον (ἔστι δὲ τοῦτο τὸ περὶ τὰς τέχνας ὧν ἄνευ πόλιν ἀδύνατον οἰκεῖσθαι·
Second is the so-called artisan class (and this is the part concerned with the crafts without which it is impossible for a city to be inhabited; and of these crafts, some must exist by necessity, while others are for luxury or living well).
τούτων δὲ τῶν τεχνῶν τὰς μὲν ἐξ ἀνάγκης ὑπάρχειν δεῖ, τὰς δὲ εἰς τρυφὴν ἢ τὸ καλῶς ζῆν), τρίτον δὲ τὸ ἀγοραῖον (λέγω δʼ ἀγοραῖον τὸ περὶ τὰς πράσεις καὶ τὰς ὠνὰς καὶ τὰς ἐμπορίας καὶ καπηλείας διατρῖβον), τέταρτον δὲ τὸ θητικόν, πέμπτον δὲ γένος τὸ προπολεμῆσον, ὃ τούτων οὐθὲν ἧττόν ἐστιν ἀναγκαῖον ὑπάρχειν, εἰ μέλλουσι μὴ δουλεύσειν τοῖς ἐπιοῦσιν.
Third is the market class (and by the market class I mean the part that is occupied with buying and selling, and with wholesale and retail trade). Fourth is the day-laborer class. Fifth is the class that will fight in defense, which is no less necessary to exist than these, if they are not to be slaves to those who attack them.
μὴ γὰρ ἓν τῶν ἀδυνάτων ᾖ πόλιν ἄξιον εἶναι καλεῖν τὴν φύσει δούλην·
For indeed, is it not one of the impossible things for a community naturally slavish to be worthy of being called a city?
αὐτάρκης γὰρ ἡ πόλις, τὸ δὲ δοῦλον οὐκ αὔταρκες.
For the city is self-sufficient, but that which is slavish is not self-sufficient.
διόπερ ἐν τῇ Πολιτείᾳ κομψῶς τοῦτο, οὐχ ἱκανῶς δὲ εἴρηται.
Therefore, in the Republic this is stated elegantly, but not sufficiently.
φησὶ γὰρ ὁ Σωκράτης ἐκ τεττάρων τῶν ἀναγκαιοτάτων πόλιν συγκεῖσθαι, λέγει δὲ τούτους ὑφάντην καὶ γεωργὸν καὶ σκυτοτόμον καὶ οἰκοδόμον·
For Socrates says that a city is composed of four most necessary people, and he calls these a weaver, a farmer, a shoemaker, and a builder.
πάλιν δὲ προστίθησιν, ὡς οὐκ αὐτάρκων τούτων, χαλκέα καὶ τοὺς ἐπὶ τοῖς ἀναγκαίοις βοσκήμασιν, ἔτι δʼ ἔμπορόν τε καὶ κάπηλον·
But again he adds, on the ground that these are not self-sufficient, a smith and those in charge of the necessary livestock, and further a merchant and a retailer.
καὶ ταῦτα πάντα γίνεται πλήρωμα τῆς πρώτης πόλεως, ὡς τῶν ἀναγκαίων τε χάριν πᾶσαν πόλιν συνεστηκυῖαν, ἀλλʼ οὐ τοῦ καλοῦ μᾶλλον, ἴσον τε δεομένην σκυτέων τε καὶ γεωργῶν.
And all these become the complement of the first city, as if every city were established for the sake of necessary things, and not rather for the sake of the good, and as if it needed shoemakers and farmers equally.
τὸ δὲ προπολεμοῦν οὐ πρότερον ἀποδίδωσι μέρος πρὶν ἢ τῆς χώρας αὐξομένης καὶ τῆς τῶν πλησίον ἁπτομένης εἰς πόλεμον καταστῶσιν.
But he does not assign the part that fights in defense as a part of the city until, the territory increasing and touching that of their neighbors, they are brought into war.
ἀλλὰ μὴν καὶ ἐν τοῖς τέτταρσι καὶ τοῖς ὁποσοισοῦν κοινωνοῖς ἀναγκαῖον εἶναί τινα τὸν ἀποδώσοντα καὶ κρινοῦντα τὸ δίκαιον.
Moreover, even among four or any number of partners, it is necessary that there be someone who will dispense and judge what is just.
εἴπερ οὖν καὶ ψυχὴν ἄν τις θείη ζῴου μόριον μᾶλλον ἢ σῶμα, καὶ πόλεων τὰ τοιαῦτα μᾶλλον θετέον τῶν εἰς τὴν ἀναγκαίαν χρῆσιν συντεινόντων, τὸ πολεμικὸν καὶ τὸ μετέχον δικαιοσύνης δικαστικῆς, πρὸς δὲ τούτοις τὸ βουλευόμενον, ὅπερ ἐστὶ συνέσεως πολιτικῆς ἔργον.
Therefore, if one would class the soul of an animal as its part rather than the body, so also in cities such things must be classed rather than those which contribute to necessary use: the military part and that which shares in judicial justice, and in addition to these, the deliberative part, which is the work of political intelligence.
καὶ ταῦτʼ εἴτε κεχωρισμένως ὑπάρχει τισὶν εἴτε τοῖς αὐτοῖς, οὐθὲν διαφέρει πρὸς τὸν λόγον· καὶ γὰρ ὁπλιτεύειν καὶ γεωργεῖν συμβαίνει τοῖς αὐτοῖς πολλάκις.
And whether these belong to some separately or to the same people, it makes no difference to the argument; for indeed serving as hoplites and farming often happen to belong to the same people.
ὥστε εἴπερ καὶ ταῦτα καὶ ἐκεῖνα θετέα μόρια τῆς πόλεως, φανερὸν ὅτι τό γε ὁπλιτικὸν ἀναγκαῖόν ἐστι μόριον τῆς πόλεως.
So that if both these and those must be classed as parts of the city, it is clear that the hoplite part is a necessary part of the city.
ἕβδομον δὲ τὸ ταῖς οὐσίαις λειτουργοῦν, ὃ καλοῦμεν εὐπόρους.
Seventh is the part that serves with their property, whom we call the wealthy.
ὄγδοον δὲ τὸ δημιουργικὸν καὶ τὸ περὶ τὰς ἀρχὰς λειτουργοῦν, εἴπερ ἄνευ ἀρχόντων ἀδύνατον εἶναι πόλιν.
Eighth is the official class and that which serves concerning offices, since without rulers it is impossible for a city to be.
ἀναγκαῖον οὖν εἶναί τινας τοὺς δυναμένους ἄρχειν καὶ λειτουργοῦντας ἢ συνεχῶς ἢ κατὰ μέρος τῇ πόλει ταύτην τὴν λειτουργίαν.
Therefore, it is necessary that there be some who are able to rule and who perform this service for the city either continuously or in turn.
λοιπὰ δὲ περὶ ὧν τυγχάνομεν διωρικότες ἀρτίως, τὸ βουλευόμενον καὶ τὸ κρῖνον περὶ τῶν δικαίων τοῖς ἀμφισβητοῦσιν.
There remain those parts which we happen to have defined just now: the deliberative part and that which judges concerning what is just for those in dispute.
εἴπερ οὖν ταῦτα δεῖ γινέσθαι ταῖς πόλεσι, καὶ καλῶς γενέσθαι καὶ δικαίως,
If, then, these things must exist in cities, and exist well and justly,