§1.1256bνομαδικὸς λῃστρικὸς ἁλιευτικὸς θηρευτικὸς γεωργικός.
, the nomadic, the predatory, the fishing, the hunting, and the agricultural.
οἱ δὲ καὶ μιγνύντες ἐκ τούτων ἡδέως ζῶσι, προσαναπληροῦντες τὸν ἐνδεέστερον βίον, ᾗ τυγχάνει ἐλλείπων πρὸς τὸ αὐτάρκης εἶναι, οἷον οἱ μὲν νομαδικὸν ἅμα καὶ λῃστρικόν, οἱ δὲ γεωργικὸν καὶ θηρευτικόν· ὁμοίως δὲ καὶ περὶ τοὺς ἄλλους· ὡς ἂν ἡ χρεία συναναγκάζῃ, τοῦτον τὸν τρόπον διάγουσιν.
And some people live agreeably by mixing these, reinforcing a more needy mode of life where it happens to fall short of being self-sufficient; as for instance, some lead a nomadic life and a predatory life at the same time, others an agricultural life and a hunting life; and similarly with the others, they pass their lives in this manner as necessity constrains them.
ἡ μὲν οὖν τοιαύτη κτῆσις ὑπʼ αὐτῆς φαίνεται τῆς φύσεως διδομένη πᾶσιν, ὥσπερ κατὰ τὴν πρώτην γένεσιν εὐθύς, οὕτω καὶ τελειωθεῖσιν.
This kind of acquisition, then, seems to be given by nature itself to all, just as immediately at their first birth, so also when they have reached maturity.
καὶ γὰρ κατὰ τὴν ἐξ ἀρχῆς γένεσιν τὰ μὲν συνεκτίκτει τῶν ζῴων τοσαύτην τροφὴν ὥσθʼ ἱκανὴν εἶναι μέχρις οὗ ἂν δύνηται αὐτὸ αὑτῷ πορίζειν τὸ γεννηθέν, οἷον ὅσα σκωληκοτοκεῖ ἢ ᾠοτοκεῖ· ὅσα δὲ ζῳοτοκεῖ, τοῖς γεννωμένοις ἔχει τροφὴν ἐν αὑτοῖς μέχρι τινός, τὴν τοῦ καλουμένου γάλακτος φύσιν.
For even at the first birth from the beginning, some animals bring forth together with them so much food as to be sufficient until the offspring can procure it for itself, as for instance those that produce larvae or those that produce eggs; and those that are viviparous have food within themselves for their young up to a certain point, of the nature of what is called milk.
ὥστε ὁμοίως δῆλον ὅτι καὶ γενομένοις οἰητέον τά τε φυτὰ τῶν ζῴων ἕνεκεν εἶναι καὶ τὰ ἄλλα ζῷα τῶν ἀνθρώπων χάριν, τὰ μὲν ἥμερα καὶ διὰ τὴν χρῆσιν καὶ διὰ τὴν τροφήν, τῶν δʼ ἀγρίων, εἰ μὴ πάντα, ἀλλὰ τά γε πλεῖστα τῆς τροφῆς καὶ ἄλλης βοηθείας ἕνεκεν, ἵνα καὶ ἐσθὴς καὶ ἄλλα ὄργανα γίνηται ἐξ αὐτῶν.
So that similarly, it is clear that we must believe that, once they are born, plants exist for the sake of animals, and the other animals for the sake of human beings—the domestic ones both for use and for food, and of the wild ones, if not all, at least most of them for the sake of food and other assistance, so that clothing and other tools may come from them.
εἰ οὖν ἡ φύσις μηθὲν μήτε ἀτελὲς ποιεῖ μήτε μάτην, ἀναγκαῖον τῶν ἀνθρώπων ἕνεκεν αὐτὰ πάντα πεποιηκέναι τὴν φύσιν.
If, then, nature makes nothing incomplete or in vain, it is necessary that nature has made all of them for the sake of human beings.
διὸ καὶ ἡ πολεμικὴ φύσει κτητική πως ἔσται (ἡ γὰρ θηρευτικὴ μέρος αὐτῆς), ᾗ δεῖ χρῆσθαι πρός τε τὰ θηρία καὶ τῶν ἀνθρώπων ὅσοι πεφυκότες ἄρχεσθαι μὴ θέλουσιν, ὡς φύσει δίκαιον τοῦτον ὄντα τὸν πόλεμον.
Therefore, even the art of war will be by nature in a way an art of acquisition (for the art of hunting is a part of it), which must be used against wild beasts and against those human beings who, though naturally suited to be ruled, are unwilling; since this war is by nature just.
ἓν μὲν οὖν εἶδος κτητικῆς κατὰ φύσιν τῆς οἰκονομικῆς μέρος ἐστίν, καθὸ δεῖ ἤτοι ὑπάρχειν ἢ πορίζειν αὐτὴν ὅπως ὑπάρχῃ ὧν ἔστι θησαυρισμὸς χρημάτων πρὸς ζωὴν ἀναγκαίων, καὶ χρησίμων εἰς κοινωνίαν πόλεως ἢ οἰκίας.
One species, then, of the art of acquisition according to nature is a part of household management, in accordance with which it must either be already there, or the art must provide that there be a store of goods necessary for life and useful for the association of a city or a household.
καὶ ἔοικεν ὅ γʼ ἀληθινὸς πλοῦτος ἐκ τούτων εἶναι.
And true wealth seems to consist in these.
ἡ γὰρ τῆς τοιαύτης κτήσεως αὐτάρκεια πρὸς ἀγαθὴν ζωὴν οὐκ ἄπειρός ἐστιν, ὥσπερ Σόλων φησὶ ποιήσας
"
πλούτου δʼ οὐθὲν τέρμα πεφασμένον ἀνδράσι κεῖται. "
κεῖται γὰρ ὥσπερ καὶ ταῖς ἄλλαις τέχναις· οὐδὲν γὰρ ὄργανον ἄπειρον οὐδεμιᾶς ἐστι τέχνης οὔτε πλήθει οὔτε μεγέθει, ὁ δὲ πλοῦτος ὀργάνων πλῆθός ἐστιν οἰκονομικῶν καὶ πολιτικῶν.
For the self-sufficiency of this kind of property for a good life is not limitless, as Solon says in his poetry: 'No bound of wealth lies revealed to men.' For a bound is set, just as in the other arts; for no tool of any art is unlimited either in number or in size, and wealth is a multitude of household and political tools.
ὅτι μὲν τοίνυν ἔστι τις κτητικὴ κατὰ φύσιν τοῖς οἰκονόμοις καὶ τοῖς πολιτικοῖς, καὶ διʼ ἣν αἰτίαν, δῆλον.
That there is, then, a certain art of acquisition according to nature for household managers and statesmen, and for what reason, is clear.
ἔστι δὲ γένος ἄλλο κτητικῆς, ἣν μάλιστα καλοῦσι, καὶ δίκαιον αὐτὸ καλεῖν, χρηματιστικήν, διʼ ἣν οὐδὲν δοκεῖ πέρας εἶναι πλούτου καὶ κτήσεως·
But there is another kind of the art of acquisition, which they especially call, and which it is just to call, retail trade (or finance), because of which there seems to be no limit to wealth and property.