§8.8#4εἰ γὰρ ἅπαν τὸ κινούμενον τῶν εἰρημένων τινὰ κινεῖται κινησεων καὶ ἠρεμεῖ τῶν ἀντικειμένων ἠρεμιῶν (οὐ γὰρ ἦν ἄλλη παρὰ ταύτας), τὸ δὲ μὴ αἰεὶ κινούμενον τήνδε τὴν κίνησιν (λέγω δʼ ὅσαι ἕτεραι τῷ εἴδει, καὶ μὴ εἴ τι μόριόν ἐστιν τῆς ὅλης) ἀνάγκη πρότερον ἠρεμεῖν τὴν ἀντικειμένην ἠρεμίαν (ἡ γὰρ ἠρεμία στέρησις κινήσεως)· εἰ οὖν ἐναντίαι μὲν κινήσεις αἱ κατʼ εὐθεῖαν, ἅμα δὲ μὴ ἐνδέχεται κινεῖσθαι τὰς ἐναντίας, τὸ ἀπὸ τοῦ Α πρὸς τὸ Γ φερόμενον οὐκ ἂν φέροιτο ἅμα καὶ ἀπὸ τοῦ Γ πρὸς τὸ Α. ἐπεὶ δʼ οὐχ ἅμα φέρεται, κινήσεται δὲ ταύτην τὴν κίνησιν, ἀνάγκη πρότερον ἠρεμῆσαι πρὸς τῷ Γ· αὕτη γὰρ ἦν ἡ ἀντικειμένη ἠρεμία τῇ ἀπὸ τοῦ Γ κινήσει.
For if everything in motion moves with one of the aforementioned motions and rests with one of the opposite rests (for there was no other besides these), and that which is not always in motion with this motion (I mean those which are different in species, and not if it is some part of the whole) must previously rest with the opposite rest (for rest is the privation of motion); if, then, motions along a straight line are opposite, and it is not possible to move with opposite motions at the same time, that which is carried from A toward C would not be carried at the same time also from C toward A. And since it is not carried at the same time, but it will move with this motion, it must previously rest at C; for this was the rest opposite to the motion from C.
δῆλον τοίνυν ἐκ τῶν εἰρημένων ὅτι οὐκ ἔσται συνεχὴς ἡ κίνησις.
It is clear, then, from what has been said, that the motion will not be continuous.
ἔτι δὲ καὶ ὅδε ὁ λόγος μᾶλλον οἰκεῖος τῶν εἰρημένων.
Furthermore, this argument is even more appropriate than those mentioned.
ἅμα γὰρ ἔφθαρται τὸ οὐ λευκὸν καὶ γέγονε λευκόν.
For the perishing of the non-white and the becoming of the white occur at the same time.
εἰ οὖν συνεχὴς ἡ ἀλλοίωσις εἰς λευκὸν καὶ ἐκ λευκοῦ καὶ μὴ μένει τινὰ χρόνον, ἅμα ἔφθαρται τὸ οὐ λευκὸν καὶ γέγονε λευκὸν καὶ γέγονεν οὐ λευκόν· τριῶν γὰρ ἔσται ὁ αὐτὸς χρόνος.
If, then, the alteration into white and from white is continuous and does not remain for any time, the perishing of the non-white, the becoming of the white, and the becoming of the non-white will occur at the same time; for there will be the same time for the three.
ἔτι οὐκ εἰ συνεχὴς ὁ χρόνος, καὶ ἡ κίνησις, ἀλλʼ ἐφεξῆς.
Furthermore, it is not the case that if time is continuous, motion is also continuous, but rather it is next.
πῶς δʼ ἂν εἴη τὸ ἔσχατον τὸ αὐτὸ τῶν ἐναντίων, οἷον λευκότητος καὶ μελανίας; ἡ δʼ ἐπὶ τῆς περιφεροῦς ἔσται μία καὶ συνεχής·
And how could the extremity of the opposites be the same, as for instance of whiteness and blackness?\n\nBut the motion on a circular path will be one and continuous; for nothing impossible follows.
οὐθὲν
γὰρ ἀδύνατον συμβαίνει· τὸ γὰρ ἐκ τοῦ Α κινούμενον ἅμα κινήσεται εἰς τὸ Α κατὰ τὴν αὐτὴν πρόθεσιν (εἰς γὰρ ἥξει, καὶ κινεῖται εἰς τοῦτο), ἀλλʼ οὐχ ἅμα κινήσεται τὰς ἐναντίας οὐδὲ τὰς ἀντικειμένας· οὐ γὰρ ἅποσα ἡ εἰς τοῦτο τῇ ἐκ τούτου ἐναντία οὐδʼ ἀντικειμένη, ἀλλʼ ἐναντία μὲν ἡ κατʼ εὐθεῖαν (ταύτῃ γὰρ ἔστιν ἐναντία κατὰ τόπον, οἷον τὰ κατὰ διάμετρον· ἀπέχει γὰρ πλεῖστον, ἀντικειμένη δὲ ἡ κατὰ τὸ αὐτὸ μῆκος.
For that which moves from A will at the same time move to A according to the same intention (for it will reach it, and it moves toward it), but it will not move with opposite or contrary motions at the same time; for not every motion toward a point is opposite or contrary to the motion from it, but opposite is the motion along a straight line (for to this there is an opposite in respect of place, such as things along the diameter, for they are furthest apart), and contrary is that along the same length.
ὥστʼ οὐδὲν κωλύει συνεχῶς κινεῖσθαι καὶ μηδένα χρόνον διαλείπειν· ἡ μὲν γὰρ κύκλῳ κίνησίς ἐστιν ἀφʼ αὐτοῦ εἰς αὐτό, ἡ δὲ κατʼ εὐθεῖαν ἀφʼ αὐτοῦ εἰς ἄλλο καὶ ἡ μὲν ἐν τῷ κύκλῳ οὐδέποτε ἐν τοῖς αὐτοῖς, ἡ δὲ κατʼ εὐθεῖαν πολλάκις ἐν τοῖς αὐτοῖς.
So nothing prevents it from moving continuously and not pausing for any time; for motion in a circle is from itself to itself, whereas motion along a straight line is from itself to another; and while motion in a circle is never in the same places, motion along a straight line is many times in the same places.
τὴν μὲν οὖν ἀεὶ ἐν ἄλλῳ καὶ ἄλλῳ γιγνομένην ἐνδέχεται κινεῖσθαι συνεχῶς, τὴν δʼ ἐν τοῖς αὐτοῖς πολλάκις οὐκ ἐνδέχεται· ἀνάγκη γὰρ ἅμα κινεῖσθαι τὰς ἀντικειμένας.
Therefore, that which is always becoming in different and different places can move continuously, but that which is many times in the same places cannot; for it is necessary to move with opposed motions at the same time.
ὥστʼ οὐδʼ ἐν τῷ ἡμικυκλίῳ οὐδʼ ἐν ἄλλῃ περιφερείᾳ οὐδεμιῇ ἐνδέχεται συνεχῶς κινεῖσθαι· πολλάκις γὰρ ἀνάγκη ταὐτὰ κινεῖσθαι καὶ τὰς ἐναντίας μεταβάλλειν μεταβολάς· οὐ γὰρ συνάπτει τῇ ἀρχῇ τὸ πέρας.
So not even in a semicircle nor in any other circular arc is it possible to move continuously; for it is necessary to move many times through the same things and to undergo opposite changes; for the end does not connect with the beginning.
ἡ δὲ τοῦ κύκλου συνάπτει, καὶ ἔστι μόνη τέλειος.
But that of the circle does connect, and is alone complete.
φανερὸν δὲ ἐκ
ταύτης τῆς διαιρέσεως ὅτι οὐδὲ τὰς ἄλλας ἐνδέχεται κινήσεις εἶναι συνεχεῖς· ἐν ἀπάσαις γὰρ ταὐτὰ συμβαίνει κινεῖσθαι πολλάκις, οἷον ἐν ἀλλοιώσει τὰ μεταξύ, καὶ ἐν τῇ τοῦ ποσοῦ τὰ ἀνὰ μέσον μεγέθη, καὶ ἐν γενέσει καὶ φθορᾷ ὡσαύτως· οὐδὲν γὰρ διαφέρει ὀλίγα ἢ πολλὰ ποιῆσαι, ἐν οἷς ἐστὶν ἡ μεταβολή, οὐδὲ μεταξὺ θεῖναί τι ἢ ἀφελεῖν· ἀμφοτέρως γὰρ συμβαίνει ταὐτὰ κινεῖσθαι πολλάκις.
And it is clear from this division that neither is it possible for other motions to be continuous; for in all of them it happens that the same things are moved through many times, for instance the intermediates in alteration, and the intermediate magnitudes in that of quantity, and likewise in generation and destruction; for it makes no difference whether one makes the things in which the change is few or many, nor whether one places something in between or removes it; for in both ways it happens that the same things are moved through many times.
δῆλον οὖν ἐκ τούτων ὅτι οὐδʼ οἱ φυσιολόγοι καλῶς λέγουσιν οἱ πάντα τὰ αἰσθητὰ κινεῖσθαι φάσκοντες ἀεί· κινεῖσθαι γὰρ ἀνάγκη τούτων τινὰ τῶν κινήσεων, καὶ μάλιστα κατʼ ἐκείνους ἀλλοιοῦσθαι· ῥεῖν γάρ φασιν ἀεὶ καὶ φθίνειν, ἔτι δὲ καὶ τὴν γένεσιν καὶ τὴν φθορὰν ἀλλοίωσιν λέγουσιν.
It is clear, then, from these things that neither do the natural philosophers speak correctly who say that all sensible things are always in motion; for they must move with one of these motions, and especially, according to them, be altered; for they say that things are always flowing and decaying, and furthermore they call generation and destruction alteration.
ὁ δὲ λόγος νῦν εἴρηκε καθόλου περὶ πάσης κινήσεως ὅτι κατʼ οὐδεμίαν κίνησιν ἐνδέχεται κινεῖσθαι συνεχῶς ἔξω τῆς κύκλῳ, ὥστε οὔτε κατʼ ἀλλοίωσιν οὔτε κατʼ αὔξησιν.
But our argument has now said generally concerning all motion that it is not possible to move continuously in any motion except that in a circle, so that neither in alteration nor in increase [is it possible].
ὅτι μὲν οὖν οὔτʼ ἄπειρός ἐστι μεταβολὴ οὐδεμία οὔτε συνεχὴς ἔξω τῆς κύκλῳ φορᾶς ἔστω τοσαῦθʼ ἡμῖν εἰρημένα.
That, therefore, no change is infinite, nor continuous except locomotion in a circle, let so much have been said by us.