§4.5.3838 τοιοῦτον δʼ ἕτερον καὶ τοῖς μαλακοτράκοις ἐστί, καὶ καλεῖται κἀκεῖνο μύτις.
38 And another such part also belongs to the malacostracans, and that too is called mytis.
ἔστι δʼ ὑγρὸν καὶ σωμκτῶδες ἅμα τοῦτο τὸ μόρυιον, τείνει δὲ διʼ αὐτοῦ, καθάπερ εἴρηται, διὰ μέσου μὲν ὁ στόμαχος· εἰ γὰρ ἦν μεταξὺ τούτου καὶ τοῦ πρανοῦς, οὐκ ἂν ἡδύνατο λαμβάνειν ὁμοίως διάστασιν εἰσιούσης τῆς τροφῆς διὰ τὴν τοῦ νωτου σκληρότητα.
This part is both fluid and corporeal at the same time, and through it, as has been said, the esophagus extends through the middle; for if it were between this and the back, it would not have been able to expand in the same way when food entered, owing to the hardness of the back.
§4.5.3939 ἐκὶ δὲ τῆς μύτιδος τὸ ἔντερον ἔξωσθεν, καὶ ὁ θολὸς πρὸς τῷ ἐντέρῳ, ὅπως ὅτι πλεῖστον ἀπέχῃ τῆς εἰσόδου καὶ τὸ δυσχερὲς ἄποθεν ᾖ τοῦ βελτίονος καὶ τῆς ἀρχῆς.
39 And on the mytis, the intestine is on the outside, and the ink-sac is near the intestine, in order that the offensive matter may be as far as possible from the entrance, and the disagreeable part may be far from the better part and the principle.
ὅτι δʼ ἐστὶ τὸ ἀνάλογον τῇ καρδίᾳ τοῦτο τὸ μόριον, δηλοῖ ὁ τόπος (οὗτος γάρ ἐστιν ὁ αὐτός) καὶ ἡ γλυκύτης τῆς ὑγρότητος ὡς οὖσα πεπεμμένη καὶ αἱματώδης.
And that this part is the analogue of the heart is shown by its position (for this is the same) and by the sweetness of the fluid, as being concocted and sanguineous.
§4.5.4040 ἐν δὲ τοῖς ὀστρακοδέρμοις ἔχει μὲν τὸν αὐτὸν τρόπον τὸ κύριον τῆς αἰσθήσεως, ἧττον δʼ ἐπίδηλον.
40 In the testaceans, the governing principle of sensation is in the same state, but is less apparent.
πλὴν δεῖ ζητεῖν ἀεὶ περὶ μεσότητα ταύτην τὴν ἀρχὴν, ὅσα μὲν μόνιμα, τοῦ δεχομένου μορίου τὴν τροφήν, καὶ δι᾿ οὖ ποιεῖται τὴν ἀπόκρισιν τὴν σπερματικὴν ἢ τὴν περιττωματικὴν, ὅσα δὲ καὶ πορευτικὰ τῶν ζῴων, ἀεὶ τῷ μέσῳ τῶν δεξιῶν καὶ τῶν ἀριστερῶν.
However, one must always seek this principle around the middle: in those that are stationary, between the part that receives food and the part through which it voids the seminal or residual discharge; and in those animals that are capable of locomotion, always in the middle between the right and the left sides.
§4.5.4141 τοῖς δʼ ἐντόμοις τὸ μὲν τῆς τοιαύτης ἀρχῆς μόριον, ὥσπερ ἐν τοῖς πρώτοις ἐλέχθη λόγοις, μεταξὺ κεφαλῆς καὶ τοῦ περὶ τὴν κοιλίαν ἐστὶ κύτους.
41 In insects, the part containing such a principle, as was said in our first discussions, is between the head and the cavity around the belly.
τοῦτο δὲ τοῖς μὲν πολλοῖς ἐστὶν ἕν, τοῖς δὲ πλείω, καθάπερ τοῖς ἰουλώδεσι καὶ μακροῖς· διόπερ διατεμνόμενα ζῇ.
And this is single in most of them, but in some it is multiple, as in the millipedes and long insects; wherefore they live when cut in pieces.
βούλεται μὲν γὰρ ἡ φύσις ἐν πᾶσι μόνον ἓν ποιεῖν τὸ τοιοῦτον, οὐ δυναμένη δʼ ἐνεργείᾳ ποιεῖ μόνον ἕν, δυνάμει δὲ πλείω· δῆλον δʼ ἐν ἑτέροις ἑτέρων μᾶλλον.
For Nature wishes to make such a part only single in all, but when she is unable to make it single in actuality, she makes it multiple in potentiality; and this is more manifest in some than in others.
§4.5.42τὰ δὲ πρὸς τὴν τροφὴν μόρια οὐ πᾶσιν ὁμοίως, ἀλλὰ διαφορὰν ἔχει πολλήν.
42 On the other hand, the parts concerned with food are not similar in all, but present much difference.
ἐντὸς γὰρ τοῦ στύματος ἐνίοις μέν ἐστι τὸ καλούμενον κέντρον, ὡσπερανεὶ σύνθετον καὶ ἔχον γλώττης καὶ χειλῶν ἅμα δύναμιν· τοῖς δὲ μὴ ἔχουσιν ἔμπροσθεν τὸ κέντρον ἐστὶν ἐντὸς τῶν ὀδόντων τοιοῦτον αἰσθητήριον.
For in some, inside the mouth, there is what is called the sting, which is as it were a composite structure, possessing the power of both tongue and lips at once; while in those that do not have the sting in front, there is such a sensory organ inside the teeth.
§4.5.43τούτου δʼ ἐχόμενον πᾶσιν ἔντερον εὐθὺ καὶ ἀπλοῦν 43 μέχρι τῆς ἐξόδου τοῦ περιττύματος· ἐνίοις δὲ τοῦτο ἑλίκην ἔχει.
43 Next to this, all have an intestine that is straight and simple as far as the exit of the residue; though in some this has a spiral winding.
τὰ δὲ κοιλίαν μετὰ τὸ στόμα, ἀπὸ δὲ τῆς κοιλίας τὸ ἔντερον εἱλιγμένον, ὅπως ὅσα βρωτικύτερα καὶ μείζω τὴν φύσιν, ὑποδοχὴν ἔχῃ πλείονος τροφῆς.
And others have a stomach after the mouth, and from the stomach the intestine is wound, so that those which are more voracious and larger in nature may have a receptacle for more food.
§4.5.44τὸ δὲ τῶν τεττίγων γένος ἰδίαν ἔχει 44 μάλιστα τούτων φύσιν· τὸ γὰρ αὐτὸ μόριον ἔχει στόμα καὶ γλῶτταν συμπεφυκός, διʼ οὗ καθαπερεὶ διὰ ῥίζης δέχεται τὴν τροφὴν ἀπὸ τῶν ὑγρῶν.
44 And the genus of cicadas has a nature that is the most peculiar of these; for it has the same part serving as mouth and tongue fused together, through which, as if through a root, it receives its food from fluids.
§4.5.45πάντα 45 μὲν οὖν ἐστὶν ὀλιγότροφα τὰ ἔντομα τῶν ζῴων, οὐχ οὕτω διὰ μικρότητα ὡς διὰ ψυχρότητα (τὸ γὰρ θερμὸν καὶ δεῖται τροφῆς καὶ πέττει τὴν τροφὴν ταχέως, τὸ δὲ ψυχρὸν ἄτροφον), μάλιστα δὲ τὸ τῶν τεττίγων γένος·
45 Now, all insects are animals that take little food, not so much because of their smallness as because of their coldness (for that which is hot both requires food and digests it quickly, whereas that which is cold requires no nourishment); and this is especially so with the genus of cicadas.
ἱκανὴ γὰρ τροφὴ τῷ σώματι ἡ ἐκ τοῦ πνεύματος ὑπομένουσα ὑγρότης, καθάπερ τοῖς ἐφημέροις ζῴοις (γίνεται δὲ ταύτα περὶ τὸν Πόντον), πλὴν ἐκεῖνα μὲν ζῇ μιᾶς ἡμέρας χρόνον, ταῦτα δὲ πλειόνων μὲν ἡμερῶν, ὀλίγων δὲ τούτων.
For the moisture remaining from the dew is sufficient food for its body, just as with the ephemeral insects (and these arise around the Pontus); except that those live for the duration of a single day, while these live for several days, though only a few.
§4.5.46Ἐπεὶ δὲ περὶ τῶν ἐντὸς ὑπαρχόντων μορίων 46 τοῖς ζῴοις εἴρηται, πάλιν περὶ τῶν λοιπῶν τῶν ἐκτὸς ἐπανιτέον.
46 Since the parts that exist inside animals have been discussed, we must return again to the remaining external parts.
ἀρκτέον δʼ ἀπὸ τῶν νῦν εἰρημένων, ἀλλʼ οὐκ ἀφʼ ᾧν ἀπελίπομεν, ὅπως ἀπὸ τούτων διατριβὴν ἐλάττω ἐχόντων ἐπὶ τῶν τελείων καὶ ἐναίμων ζῴων ὁ λόγος σχολάζῃ μᾶλλον.
And we must begin from those just mentioned, and not from where we left off, so that, after spending less time on these, our discussion may linger more at leisure over the perfect and blooded animals.