§3.5.7γίνεται δὲ κατάὅηλον ἐν 7 τοῖς μάλιστα καταλελεπτυσμένοις· οὐθὲν γὰρ ἄλλο φαίνεται παρὰ τὰς φλέβας, καθάπερ ἐπὶ τῶν ἀμπελίνων τε καὶ συκίνων φύλλων καὶ ὅσ’ ἅλλα τοιαύτα καὶ γὰρ τούτων αὐαινομένων φλέβες λείπονται μόνον.
7 And this becomes evident especially in those that are most emaciated; for nothing else is visible besides the vessels, just as on the leaves of vines and figs, and such other plants; for when these dry up, only the vessels are left.
§3.5.8τούτων δʼ αἴτιον ὅτι τὸ αἷμα καὶ τὸ ἀνάλογον τούτῳ 8 δυνάμει σῶμα καὶ σὰρξ ἢ τὸ ἀνάλογόν ἐστιν·
8 The cause of these things is that blood, and that which is analogous to it, is potentially body and flesh, or that which is analogous [to flesh].
καθάπερ οὖν ἐν ταῖς ὀχετείαις αί μέγισται τῶν τάέφρων διαμένουσιν, αἱ δʼ ἐλάχισται πρῶται καὶ ταχέως ὑπὸ τῆς ἰλύος ἀφανίζονται, πάλιν δʼ ἐκλειπούσης φανεραὶ γίνονται, τὸν αὐτὸν τρὸπον καὶ τῶν φλεβῶν αἱ μὲν μέγισται διαμένουσιν, αἱ δʼ ἐλάχισται γίνονται σάρκες ἐνεργείᾳ, δυνάμει δʼ είσὶν οὐδὲν ἧσσον φλέβες.
Just as in irrigation channels, therefore, the largest of the trenches remain, while the smallest are first and quickly made to disappear by the silt, and when it fails, they become visible again, in the very same way, the largest of the vessels remain, while the smallest actually become flesh, but potentially they are no less vessels.
διὸ καὶ σωζομένων τῶν σαρκῶν καθʼ ὁτιοῦν αἷμα ῥεῖ διαιρουμένωνʼ καίτοι ἄνευ μὲν φλεβὸς οὐκ ἔστιν αἷμα, φλέβιον δʼ οὐδὲν δῆλον, ὤσπερ οὐδʼ ἐν τοῖς ὀχετοῖς αἱ τάφροι πρὶν τὴν ἰλύν ἐξαιρεθ ὴναι.
Therefore, even when the flesh is preserved, if it is cut at any point, blood flows; and yet there is no blood without a vessel, and no small vessel is visible, just as in the irrigation channels the trenches [are not visible] before the silt is cleared away.
§3.5.99 ἐκ μειξόνων δʼ είς ἐλάσσους αἱ φλέβες ἀεὶ προέρχονται ἕως τοῦ γενέσθαι τοὺς πόρους ἐλάσσους τῆς τοὺ αἵματος παχύτητος· διʼ ὧν τῷ μὲν αἵματι δίοδος οὐκ ἔστι, τῷ δὲ περιττήματι τῆς ὑγρἀς ἰκμάδος, ὅν καλοῦμεν ίὅρῶτα, καὶ τοῦτο διαθερμανθέντος τού σὸματος καὶ τῶν φλεβίων ἀναστομωθέντων.
9 And the vessels always proceed from larger to smaller ones, until the passages become smaller than the thickness of the blood; through which [passages] there is no passage for the blood, but [there is] for the residue of the moist moisture, which we call sweat, and this when the body is warmed and the small vessels have opened up at their mouths.
§3.5.1010 ἦδη δέ τισιν ίδρῶσαι συνέβη αἱματώδει περιττώόματι διὰ καχεξίαν, τοῦ μὲν σώματος ῥυάδος καὶ μανοῦ γενομένου, τοῦ δʼ αἵματος ἐξυγρανθέντος διʼ ἀπεψίαν, ἀδυνατούσης τῆς ἐν τοῖς φλεβίοις θερμὸτητος πέσσειν διʼ ὀλιγότητα.
10 And indeed, it has happened to some to sweat a bloody residue due to a bad state of body, when the body has become fluid and porous, and the blood has become liquefied due to indigestion, the heat in the small vessels being unable to concoct it because of its small quantity.
εἴρηται γὰρ ὅτι πἀν τὸ κοινὸν γῆς καὶ ὕὅατος παχύνεται πεσσόμενον, ἡ δὲ τροφὴ καὶ τὸ αἷμα μικτὸν ἐξ ἀμφοῖν.
For it has been said that everything that is a common mixture of earth and water is thickened when concocted, and food and blood are a mixture of both.
ἀδυνατεῖ δὲ πέσσειν ἡ θερμότης οὑ μόνον διὰ τὴν αὑτῆς ὀλιγότητα ἀλλὰ καὶ διὰ πλῆθος καὶ ὑπερταύτην βολὴν τῆς εἰσφερομένης τροφῆς· γίνεται δὲ πρὸς ὀλίγη.
And the heat is unable to concoct, not only because of its own small quantity, but also because of the abundance and excess of the food that is brought in; for it becomes small in comparison.
ἡ δʼ ὑπερβολὴ δισσἡ· καὶ γὰρ τῷ ποσῷ καὶ τῷ ποιῷ· οὐ γὰρ πἀν ὁμοίως εὔπεπτον.
And the excess is twofold: both in quantity and in quality; for not everything is equally easy to digest.
§3.5.1111 ῥεῖ δὲ μάλιστα τὸ αἷμα κατὰ τοὺς εὐρυχωρεστάτους τῶν πὸρων· διόπερ ἐκ τῶν μυκτήρων καὶ τῶν οὔλων καὶ τῆς ἕδρας, ἐνίοτε δὲ καὶ ἐκ τού στόματος αἱμορροΐδες ἄπονοι γίνονται, καὶ οὐχ ὡσπερ ἐκ τὴςα ρτηρίας μετὰ βίας.
11 The blood flows especially through the widest of the passages; therefore, from the nostrils, the gums, and the anus, and sometimes also from the mouth, painless hemorrhages occur, and not violently as from the windpipe.
§3.5.1212 διεστῶσαι δʼ ἅνωσθεν ἢ τε μεγάλη φλὲψ καὶ ἡ ἀορτή, κάτω δʼ ἐναλλάσσουσαι συνέχουσι τὸ σῶμα.
12 And while the great vessel and the aorta are separate above, below they interlace and hold the body together.
προϊοῦσαι γὰρ σχίζονται κατὰ τὴν διφυίαν τῶν κύόλων, καὶ ἡ μὲν ἐκ τού ἔμπροσθεν εἰς τοὔπισθεν προέρχεται, ἡ δ᾿ ἐκ τοῦ ὄπισθεν εἰς τοὔμπροσθεν, καὶ συμβάλλουσιν εἰς ἓν·
For as they proceed they split according to the bifurcation of the limbs, and the one from the front goes to the back, while the one from the back goes to the front, and they meet into one.
ὥσπερ γὰρ ἐν τοῖς πλεκομένοις ἐγγίνεται τὸ συνεχὲς μἀλλον, οὕτω καὶ διὰ τῆς τῶν φλεβῶν ἐναλλάξεως συνδεῖται τῶν σωμάτων τὰ πρόσθια τοῖς ὄπισθεν.
For just as in woven things continuity is better produced, so also through the interlacing of the vessels the front parts of the bodies are bound to the back parts.
ὁμοίως δὶ καὶ ἀπὸ τῆς καρδίας ἐν τοῖς ἄνω τόποις συμβαίνει.
And similarly, this also happens in the upper regions from the heart.
§3.5.13τὸ δὲ μετʼ 13 ἀκριβείας ὡς ἔχουσιν αἱ φλέβες πρὸς ἀλλήλας, ἔκ τε τῶν ἀνατομῶν δεῖ θεωρεῖν καὶ ἐκ τῆς ζωικῆς ἱστορίας.
13 But the precise way in which the vessels stand in relation to one another must be observed both from the dissections and from the History of Animals.
καὶ περὶ μὲν φλεβῶν καὶ καρδίας εἰρήσθω, περὶ δὲ τῶν ἅλλων σπλάγχνων σκεπτέον κατὰ τὴν αὐτὴν μέθοδον.
And regarding the vessels and the heart let so much be said; but concerning the other viscera we must consider according to the same method.