§2.7.66 δεἵ δὲ λαβεῖν, ὡς μεγάλῳ παρεικάζοντα μικρὸν, ὁμοίως συμβαίνειν ὧσπερ τὴν τῶν ὑετῶν γένεσιν· ἀναθυμιωμένης γὰρ ἐκ τῆς γῆς τῆς ἀτμίδος καὶ φερομένης ὑπὸ τού θερμού πρὸς τὸν ἄνω τόπον, ὅταν ἐν τῷ ὑπὲρ ην γῆς γένηται ἀέρι ὄντι ψυχρῷ, συνίσταται πάλιν εἰς ὕδωρ διὰ τὴν ψύξιν καὶ ῥεῖ κάτω πρὸς τὴν γῆν.
6 But we must grasp that, comparing a small thing to a great one, this happens in the same way as the generation of rain; for when vapor is evaporated from the earth and carried by heat to the upper region, whenever it enters the air above the earth, which is cold, it condenses again into water because of the cooling and flows down to the earth.
§2.7.7ἀλλὰ περὶ περὶ 7 τούτων ἐν ταῖς τῶν νόσων ἀρχαῖς ἁρμόττει λέγειν, ἐοʼ ὅσον τῆς φυσικῆς φιλοσοφίας ἐστὶν εἰπεῖν περὶ αὐτῶν·
7 But about these things it is fitting to speak in the treatises on the principles of diseases, so far as it belongs to natural philosophy to speak of them.
ποιεῖ δὲ καὶ τὸν ὕπνον τοῖς ζῴοις τοῦτο τὸ μόριον τοῖς ἔχουσιν ἐγκέφαλον, τοῖς δὲ μὴ ἔχουσι τὸ ἀνάλογον.
This part also produces sleep in animals that have a brain, and in those that do not, the analogue does.
καταψῦχον γὰρ τὴν ἀπὸ τῆς τροφῆς τοῦ αἵματος ἐπίρρυσιν, ὴ καὶ διά τινας ὁμοίας αἰτίας ἄλλας, βαρύνει τε τὸν τόπον (διὸ τὴν κεφαλὴν καρηβαροῦσιν οἱ ὑπνώσσοντες) καὶ κάτω ποιεῖ τὸ θερμὸν ὑποφεύγειν μετὰ τοῦ αἵματος.
For by cooling the influx of blood from food, or also through some other similar causes, it weighs down the region (wherefore those who are sleepy are heavy in the head) and causes the heat to escape downwards along with the blood.
διὸ πλεῖον ἀθροιζόμενον ἐπὶ τὸν κάτω τόπον ἀπεργάζεται τὸν ὕπνον, καὶ τὸ δύνασθαι ἑστάναι ὀρθὰ ἀφαιρεῖταε, ὅσα τῶν ζῴων ὀρθὰ τὴν φύσιν ἐστί, τῶν δʼ ἄλλων τὴν ὀρθότητα της κεφαλῆςʼ περὶ ὧν εἴρηται καθʼ αὐτὰ ἔν τε τοῖς περὶ αἰσθήσεως καὶ περὶ ὕπνου διωρισμένοις.
Therefore, as more heat accumulates in the lower region, it brings about sleep, and deprives those animals that are naturally upright of the ability to stand upright, and of the others, it deprives them of the uprightness of the head. Concerning these things, they have been discussed on their own both in the treatises on sensation and on sleep.
§2.7.8ὅτι δʼ ἐστὶν ὁ ἐγκέφαλος κοινὸς ὕδατος καὶ γῆς, δηλοῖ 8 τὸ συμβαῖνον περὶ αὐτόν·
8 That the brain is a combination of water and earth is shown by what happens to it.
ἑψὸμενος γὰρ γίνεται ξηρὸς καὶ σκληρς, καὶ λείπεται τὸ γεῶδες ἐξατμισθέντος τοῦ ὕὅατος ὑπὸ τῆς θερμὸτητος, ὥσπερ τὰ τῶν χεδρόπων ἑψήματα καὶ τῶν ἅλλων καρπῶν, διὰ τὸ γῆς εἶναι τὸ πλεῖστον μέρος, ἐξιόντος τοῦ μιχθέντος τος ὑγροῦ· καὶ γὰρ ταῦτα γίνεται σκληρὰ καὶ γεἡρὰ πάμπαν.
For when boiled, it becomes dry and hard, and the earthy part remains when the water is evaporated by the heat, just like the boiled preparations of leguminous plants and other fruits, because the greatest part of them consists of earth, when the mixed liquid departs; for indeed these also become completely hard and earthy.
§2.7.9ἔχει δὲ τῶν ζῷύων ἐγκέφαλον πλεῖστον ἄνθρωπος 9 ὡς κατὰ μέγεθος, καὶ τῶν ἀνθρὸπων οἱ ἄρρενες τῶν θηλειῶν· καὶ γὰρ τὸν περὶ τὴν καρδίαν καὶ τὸν πλεύμονα τόπον θερμὸτατον καὶ ἐναιμὸτατον.
9 And of animals, man has the largest brain in proportion to his size, and of men, males have more than females; for the region around the heart and the lung is the hottest and richest in blood.
διὸ καὶ μόνον ἐστὶ τῶν ζῷόων ὀρθόν· ἡ γὰρ τοῦ θερμοῦ φύσις ἐνισχύουσα ποιεῖ τὴν αξησιν ἀπὸ τού μέσου κατὰ τὴν αὐτης φοράν.
Wherefore also man alone of animals is upright; for the nature of heat, gaining strength, produces growth from the center according to its own movement.
πρὸς σὖν πολλὴν θερμὸτητα ἀντίκειται πλεέων ὑγρότης καὶ ψυχρότης, καὶ διὰ τὸ πλῆθς ὀψιαίτατα πήγνυται τὸ περὶ τὴν κεφαλὴν ὀσουν, ὃ καλοῦσι βρέγμα τινές, διὰ τὸ πολὺν νον τὸ θερμὸν ἀπατμίζειν· τῶν δʼ ἄλλων οὐδενὶ τοῦτο συμβαίνει τῶν ἐναίμων ζῴων.
Therefore, against much heat, more moisture and cold are opposed, and because of its abundance, the bone around the head, which some call the bregma, solidifies latest, because the heat evaporates for a long time; and this happens to none of the other blooded animals.
§2.7.1010 καὶ ῥαφὰς δὲ πλείστας ἔχει περὶ τὴν κεφαλήν, καὶ τὸ ἄρρεν πλείους τῶν θηλειἀν, διὰ τὴν αὐτὴν αἰτίαν, ὅπως ὁ τόπος εὔπνους ᾖ, καὶ μᾶλλον ὁ πλείων ἐγκέφαλος ὑγραινόμενος γὰρ ἤ ξηραινόμενος μᾶλλον οὐ ποιήσει τὸ αὑτοῦ ἔργον, ἀλλʼ ἢ οὐ ψύξει ἢ πήξει, ὥστε νόσους καὶ παρανοίας ποιεῖν καὶ θανάτους·
10 And he has also the most sutures around the head, and the male has more than the female, for the same cause, so that the region may be well-ventilated, and more so for the larger brain; for if it becomes too moist or too dry, it will not perform its own work, but will either not cool or will solidify it, so as to produce diseases, madness, and deaths.
τὸ γὰρ ἐν τῇ καρδίᾳ θερμὸν καὶ ἡ ἀρχὴ συμπαθέστατόν ἐστι καὶ ταχεῖαν ποιεῖται τὴν αἴσθησιν μεταβάλλοντός τι καὶ πάσχοντος τοῦ περὶ τὸν ἐγκέφαλον αἵματος.
For the heat in the heart and the principle is extremely sympathetic, and produces sensation quickly when the blood around the brain undergoes some change and affection.
§2.7.1111 Περὶ μὲν σὖν τῶν συμφύτων τοῖς ζῴοις ὑγρῶν σχεδὸν εἴρηται περὶ πάντων·
11 Concerning the fluids connate with animals, then, almost all have been discussed.
τῶν δʼ ὑστερογενῶν τά τε περιττώματα τῆς τροφῆς ἐστί, τό τε τῆς κύστεως ὑπόστημα καὶ τὸ τῆς κοιλίας, καὶ παρὰ ταῦτα γονὴ καὶ γάλα τοῖς πεφυκόσιν ἔχειν ἕκαστα τούτων.
Of those that are generated later, there are the residues of food, namely the sediment of the bladder and that of the stomach, and besides these, semen and milk for those whose nature it is to have each of these.
τὰ μὲν οὖν τῆς τροφῆς περιττώματα περὶ τὴν τῆς τροφῆς σκέψιν καὶ θεωρίαν οἰκείους ἔχει τοὺς λόγους, τίσι τε τῶν ζῴων ὑπάρχει καὶ διὰ τίνας αἰτίας, τὰ δὲ περὶ σπέρματος καὶ γάλακτος ἐν τοῖς περὶ γενέσεωςʼ τὸ μὲν γὰρ ἀρχὴ γενέσεως αὐτῶν ἐστί, τὸ δὲ χάριν γενέσεως.
The residues of food, then, have their appropriate discussions in the inquiry and theory concerning food, as to which animals they exist in and for what causes, while those concerning semen and milk will be discussed in the treatises on generation; for the one is the principle of their generation, and the other is for the sake of generation.