§11.11μεταβάλλει δὲ τὸ μεταβάλλον τὸ μὲν κατὰ συμβεβηκός, ὡς τὸ μουσικὸν βαδίζει, τὸ δὲ τῷ τούτου τι μεταβάλλειν ἁπλῶς λέγεται μεταβάλλειν, οἷον ὅσα κατὰ μέρη (ὑγιάζεται γὰρ τὸ σῶμα, ὅτι ὁ ὀφθαλμός), ἔστι δέ τι ὃ καθʼ αὑτὸ πρῶτον κινεῖται, καὶ τοῦτʼ ἔστι τὸ καθʼ αὑτὸ κινητόν.
That which changes changes in one of three ways: either accidentally (as when 'the musical' walks), or because something of it changes, in which case it is said to change unconditionally, as for instance things that change in respect of their parts (for the body is healed because the eye is healed); and there is something which is moved in itself primarily, and this is that which is movable in itself.
ἔστι δέ καὶ ἐπὶ τοῦ κινοῦντος ὡσαύτως· κινεῖ γὰρ κατὰ συμβεβηκὸς τὸ δὲ κατὰ μέρος τὸ δὲ καθʼ αὑτό·
The same applies also to the mover; for it moves either accidentally, or in respect of a part, or in itself.
ἔστι δέ τι τὸ κινοῦν πρῶτον· ἔστι δέ τι τὸ κινούμενον, ἔτι ἐν ᾧ χρόνῳ καὶ ἐξ οὗ καὶ εἰς ὅ.
And there is something which is the primary mover; and there is that which is moved, and further, the time in which, and that from which, and that into which it is moved.
τὰ δʼ εἴδη καὶ τὰ πάθη καὶ ὁ τόπος, εἰς ἃ κινοῦνται τὰ κινούμενα, ἀκίνητά ἐστιν, οἷον ἐπιστήμη καὶ θερμότης· ἔστι δʼ οὐχ ἡ θερμότης κίνησις ἀλλʼ ἡ θέρμανσις.
But the forms, the affections, and the place, into which the things moved are moved, are motionless, as for instance knowledge and heat; indeed, it is not heat that is a motion, but heating.
ἡ δὲ μὴ κατὰ συμβεβηκὸς μεταβολὴ οὐκ ἐν ἅπασιν ὑπάρχει ἀλλʼ ἐν τοῖς ἐναντίοις καὶ μεταξὺ καὶ ἐν ἀντιφάσει· τούτου δὲ πίστις ἐκ τῆς ἐπαγωγῆς.
Change which is not accidental does not belong to all things, but to contraries, to intermediates, and to contradictories; and the proof of this is from induction.
μεταβάλλει δὲ τὸ μεταβάλλον ἢ ἐξ ὑποκειμένου εἰς ὑποκείμενον, ἢ οὐκ ἐξ ὑποκειμένου εἰς οὐχ ὑποκείμενον, ἢ ἐξ ὑποκειμένου εἰς οὐχ ὑποκείμενον, ἢ οὐκ ἐξ ὑποκειμένου εἰς ὑποκείμενον (λέγω δὲ ὑποκείμενον τὸ καταφάσει δηλούμενον), ὥστʼ ἀνάγκη τρεῖς εἶναι μεταβολάς·
That which changes changes either from a subject to a subject, or from a non-subject to a non-subject, or from a subject to a non-subject, or from a non-subject to a subject (by 'subject' I mean that which is expressed by an affirmation); so that there must be three kinds of change.
ἡ γὰρ ἐξ οὐχ ὑποκειμένου εἰς μὴ ὑποκείμενον οὐκ ἔστι μεταβολή· οὔτε γὰρ ἐναντία οὔτε ἀντίφασίς ἐστιν, ὅτι οὐκ ἀντίθεσις.
For that from a non-subject to a non-subject is not change, since there is neither contrariety nor contradiction, because there is no opposition.
ἡ μὲν οὖν οὐκ ἐξ ὑποκειμένου εἰς ὑποκείμενον κατʼ ἀντίφασιν γένεσίς ἐστιν, ἡ μὲν ἁπλῶς ἁπλῆ, ἡ δὲ τινὸς τίς· ἡ δʼ ἐξ ὑποκειμένου εἰς μὴ ὑποκείμενον φθορά, ἡ μὲν ἁπλῶς ἁπλῆ, ἡ δὲ τινὸς τίς.
Now the change from a non-subject to a subject, in the way of contradiction, is generation—unconditional generation being unconditional, and particular generation being of something; and that from a subject to a non-subject is destruction—unconditional destruction being unconditional, and particular destruction being of something.
εἰ δὴ τὸ μὴ ὂν λέγεται πλεοναχῶς, καὶ μήτε τὸ κατὰ σύνθεσιν ἢ διαίρεσιν ἐνδέχεται κινεῖσθαι μήτε τὸ κατὰ δύναμιν τὸ τῷ ἁπλῶς ὄντι ἀντικείμενον (τὸ γὰρ μὴ λευκὸν ἢ μὴ ἀγαθὸν ὅμως ἐνδέχεται κινεῖσθαι κατὰ συμβεβηκός, εἴη γὰρ ἂν ἄνθρωπος τὸ μὴ λευκόν· τὸ δʼ ἁπλῶς μὴ τόδε οὐδαμῶς), ἀδύνατον τὸ μὴ ὂν κινεῖσθαι (εἰ δὲ τοῦτο, καὶ τὴν γένεσιν κίνησιν εἶναι·
If, then, 'that which is not' is used in several senses, and neither that which is according to composition or division can be moved, nor that which is according to potentiality, which is opposed to that which is unconditionally (for that which is not-white or not-good can nevertheless be moved accidentally, since that which is not-white might be a man, but that which is unconditionally not a 'this' cannot be moved at all), then it is impossible for 'that which is not' to be moved. (And if this is so, it is also impossible for generation to be a motion; for it is 'that which is not' that becomes.
γίγνεται γὰρ τὸ μὴ ὄν· εἰ γὰρ καὶ ὅτι μάλιστα κατὰ συμβεβηκὸς γίγνεται, ἀλλʼ ὅμως ἀληθὲς εἰπεῖν ὅτι ὑπάρχει τὸ μὴ ὂν κατὰ τοῦ γιγνομένου ἁπλῶς)· ὁμοίως δὲ καὶ τὸ ἠρεμεῖν.
For even if it becomes accidentally in the highest degree, yet it is still true to say that 'that which is not' belongs to that which becomes unconditionally.) Similarly, it is impossible for it to be at rest.
ταῦτά τε δὴ συμβαίνει δυσχερῆ, καὶ εἰ πᾶν τὸ κινούμενον ἐν τόπῳ, τὸ δὲ μὴ ὂν οὐκ ἔστιν ἐν τόπῳ· εἴη γὰρ ἂν πού.
These difficulties arise, and also that, if everything that is moved is in a place, 'that which is not' is not in a place; for then it would be somewhere.
οὐδὲ δὴ ἡ φθορὰ κίνησις· ἐναντίον γὰρ κινήσει κίνησις ἢ ἠρεμία, φθορὰ δὲ γενέσει.
Nor, indeed, is destruction a motion; for the contrary of a motion is either motion or rest, but the contrary of destruction is generation.
ἐπεὶ δὲ πᾶσα κίνησις μεταβολή τις, μεταβολαὶ δὲ τρεῖς αἱ εἰρημέναι, τούτων δʼ αἱ κατὰ γένεσιν καὶ φθορὰν οὐ κινήσεις, αὗται δʼ εἰσὶν αἱ κατʼ ἀντίφασιν, ἀνάγκη τὴν ἐξ ὑποκειμένου εἰς ὑποκείμενον κίνησιν εἶναι μόνην.
Since every motion is a kind of change, and the changes are the three which have been mentioned, and of these those in the way of generation and destruction are not motions, and these are those in the way of contradiction, it is necessary that the change from a subject to a subject should be motion alone.
τὰ δʼ ὑποκείμενα ἢ ἐναντία ἢ μεταξύ (καὶ γὰρ ἡ στέρησις κείσθω ἐναντίον), καὶ δηλοῦται καταφάσει, οἷον τὸ γυμνὸν καὶ νωδὸν καὶ μέλαν.
And the subjects are either contraries or intermediates (for let privation also be posited as a contrary), and are expressed by an affirmation, as for instance 'naked', 'toothless', and 'black'.