§2#3Ἂν δὲ τὴν Ζ Η βούληται νοῆσαι, τὴν μὲν Β Ε ὁμοίως νοεῖ, ἀντὶ δὲ τῶν Θ Ι τὰς Κ Λ νοεῖ·
But if one wants to think of Z H, one thinks of B E in the same way, but instead of Th I, one thinks of K L; for these have the same ratio as Z A has to B A.
αὗται γὰρ ἔχουσιν ὡς Ζ Α πρὸς Β Α. Ὅταν οὖν ἅμα ἥ τε τοῦ πράγματος γίνηται κίνησις καὶ ἡ τοῦ χρόνου, τότε τῇ μνήμῃ ἐνεργεῖ.
When, therefore, the motion of the thing and that of the time occur simultaneously, then one activity-wise remembers.
Ἂν δ’ οἴηται μὴ ποιῶν, οἴεται μνημονεύειν· οὐθὲν γὰρ κωλύει διαψευσθῆναί τινα καὶ δοκεῖν μνημονεύειν μὴ μνημονεύοντα.
But if one thinks so without doing it, one thinks that one remembers; for nothing prevents someone from being deceived and thinking that they remember when they do not.
Ἐνεργοῦντα δὲ τῇ μνήμῃ μὴ οἴεσθαι ἀλλὰ λανθάνειν μεμνημένον οὐκ ἔστιν· τοῦτο γὰρ ἦν αὐτὸ τὸ μεμνῆσθαι.
But when one is active in memory, it is not possible not to think so, but to be unaware of remembering; for this was the very thing, to remember.
Ἀλλ’ ἐὰν ἡ τοῦ πράγματος γένηται χωρὶς τῆς τοῦ χρόνου ἢ αὕτη ἐκείνης, οὐ μέμνηται.
But if the motion of the thing occurs without that of the time, or the latter without the former, one does not remember.
Ἡ δὲ τοῦ χρόνου διττή ἐστιν· ὁτὲ μὲν γὰρ μέτρῳ οὐ μέμνηται αὐτό, οἷον ὅτι τρίτην ἡμέραν ὁδήποτε ἐποίησεν, ὁτὲ δὲ καὶ μέτρῳ· ἀλλὰ μέμνηται καὶ ἐὰν μὴ μέτρῳ.
And the memory of time is twofold; for sometimes one does not remember it by a measure, as that one did something on the third day, say, and sometimes also by a measure; but one remembers even if not by a measure.
Εἰώθασι δὲ λέγειν ὅτι μέμνηνται μέν, πότε μέντοι οὐκ ἴσασιν, ὅταν τοῦ πότε μὴ γνωρίζωσι τὸ ποσὸν μέτρῳ.
And people are accustomed to say that they remember indeed, but they do not know when, whenever they do not recognize the quantity of "when" by a measure.
Ὅτι μὲν οὖν οὐχ οἱ αὐτοὶ μνημονικοὶ καὶ ἀναμνηστικοί, ἐν τοῖς πρότερον εἴρηται.
That, therefore, the same persons are not both good at remembering and good at recollecting has been said before.
Διαφέρει δὲ τοῦ μνημονεύειν τὸ ἀναμιμνήσκεσθαι οὐ μόνον κατὰ τὸν χρόνον, ἀλλ’ ὅτι τοῦ μὲν μνημονεύειν καὶ τῶν ἄλλων ζῴων μετέχει πολλά, τοῦ δ’ ἀναμιμνήσκεσθαι οὐδὲν ὡς εἰπεῖν τῶν γνωριζομένων ζῴων, πλὴν ἄνθρωπος.
But recollecting differs from remembering not only in respect of time, but because many of the other animals share in remembering, but of the recognized animals, so to speak, none shares in recollecting except human beings.
Αἴτιον δ’ ὅτι τὸ ἀναμιμνήσκεσθαί ἐστιν οἷον συλλογισμός τις· ὅτι γὰρ πρότερον εἶδεν ἢ ἤκουσεν ἤ τι τοιοῦτον ἔπαθε, συλλογίζεται ὁ ἀναμιμνησκόμενος, καὶ ἔστιν οἷον ζήτησίς τις.
And the cause is that recollecting is like a sort of deduction; for the one who recollects deduces that they previously saw or heard or experienced some such thing, and it is like a sort of inquiry.
Τοῦτο δ’ οἷς καὶ τὸ βουλευτικὸν ὑπάρχει, φύσει μόνοις συμβέβηκεν· καὶ γὰρ τὸ βουλεύεσθαι συλλογισμός τίς ἐστιν.
And this belongs by nature only to those to whom the deliberative power also belongs; for indeed deliberating is a sort of deduction.
Ὅτι δὲ σωματικόν τι τὸ πάθος καὶ ἡ ἀνάμνησις ζήτησις ἐν τοιούτῳ φαντάσματος, σημεῖον τὸ παρενοχλεῖν ἐνίους, ἐπειδὰν μὴ δύνωνται ἀναμνησθῆναι, καὶ πάνυ ἐπέχοντας τὴν διάνοιαν, καὶ οὐκέτ’ ἐπιχειροῦντας ἀναμιμνήσκεσθαι οὐδὲν ἧττον, καὶ μάλιστα τοὺς μελαγχολικούς· τούτους γὰρ φαντάσματα κινεῖ μάλιστα.
And that the affection is something bodily and that recollection is an inquiry for an image in such a condition is indicated by the fact that it troubles some people when they cannot recollect, even when they heavily apply their intellect, and no less so when they are no longer attempting to recollect, and especially those of a melancholic temperament; for images move these people most.
Αἴτιον δὲ τοῦ μὴ ἐπ’ αὐτοῖς εἶναι τὸ ἀναμιμνήσκεσθαι, ὅτι καθάπερ τοῖς βάλλουσιν οὐκέτι ἐπ’ αὐτοῖς τὸ στῆσαι, οὕτω καὶ ὁ ἀναμιμνησκόμενος καὶ θηρεύων σωματικόν τι κινεῖ, ἐν ᾧ τὸ πάθος.
And the cause of recollecting not being in their own power is that just as for those who throw, it is no longer in their power to stop the throw, so also the one who recollects and hunts moves something bodily in which the affection resides.
Μάλιστα δ’ ἐνοχλοῦνται οἷς ἂν ὑγρότης τύχῃ ὑπάρχουσα περὶ τὸν αἰσθητικὸν τόπον· οὐ γὰρ ῥᾳδίως παύεται κινηθεῖσα, ἕως ἂν ἐπέλθῃ τὸ ζητούμενον καὶ εὐθυπορήσῃ ἡ κίνησις.
And those are troubled most who happen to have moisture around the sensory place; for it is not easily stopped once moved, until the thing sought comes and the motion runs straight.
Διὸ καὶ ὀργαὶ καὶ φόβοι, ὅταν τι κινήσωσιν, ἀντικινούντων πάλιν τούτων οὐ καθίστανται, ἀλλ’ ἐπὶ τὸ αὐτὸ ἀντικινοῦσιν.
Wherefore also angers and fears, when they move something, do not settle down even when these are in turn counter-moved, but they counter-move in the same direction.
Καὶ ἔοικε τὸ πάθος τοῖς ὀνόμασι καὶ μέλεσι καὶ λόγοις, ὅταν διὰ στόματος γένηταί τι αὐτῶν σφόδρα· παυσαμένοις γὰρ καὶ οὐ βουλομένοις ἐπέρχεται πάλιν ᾄδειν ἢ λέγειν.
And the affection is like names, melodies, and sayings, when some of them have gone through the mouth excessively; for when they have stopped and do not wish it, it comes back to sing or speak.
Εἰσὶ δὲ καὶ οἱ τὰ ἄνω μείζω ἔχοντες καὶ οἱ νανώδεις ἀμνημονέστεροι τῶν ἐναντίων διὰ τὸ πολὺ βάρος ἔχειν ἐπὶ τῷ αἰσθητικῷ, καὶ μήτ’ ἐξ ἀρχῆς τὰς κινήσεις δύνασθαι ἐμμένειν ἀλλὰ διαλύεσθαι, μήτ’ ἐν τῷ ἀναμιμνήσκεσθαι ῥᾳδίως εὐθυπορεῖν.
And those who have the upper parts larger and those of dwarfish stature are less retentive in memory than their opposites because they have a great weight on the sensory part, and they are neither able to keep the motions remaining from the start but they are dissolved, nor in recollecting can they easily run straight.
Οἱ δὲ πάμπαν νέοι καὶ λίαν γέροντες ἀμνήμονες διὰ τὴν κίνησιν· οἱ μὲν γὰρ ἐν φθίσει, οἱ δ’ ἐν αὐξήσει πολλῇ εἰσίν· ἔτι δὲ τά γε παιδία καὶ νανώδη ἐστὶ μέχρι πόρρω τῆς ἡλικίας.
And the very young and the very old are unretentive in memory because of motion; for the latter are in decay, and the former are in great growth; furthermore, children are indeed dwarfish until far into their age.
Περὶ μὲν οὖν μνήμης καὶ τοῦ μνημονεύειν, τίς ἡ φύσις αὐτῶν καὶ τίνι τῶν τῆς ψυχῆς μνημονεύει τὰ ζῷα, καὶ περὶ τοῦ ἀναμιμνήσκεσθαι, τί ἐστι καὶ πῶς γίνεται καὶ διὰ τίν’ αἰτίαν, εἴρηται.
Concerning memory, then, and remembering, what their nature is and by what part of the soul animals remember, and concerning recollecting, what it is and how it occurs and through what cause, has been said.