§18.1Διὰ τί, ἐάν τις δύο τροχιλέας ποιήσας ἐπὶ δυσὶ ξύλοις συμβάλλουσιν ἑαυτοῖς ἐναντίως αὐταῖς κύκλῳ περιβάλῃ καλώδιον, ἔχον τὸ ἄρτημαἐκ θατέρου τῶν ξύλων, θάτερον δὲᾖ προσερηρεισμένον ἢ προστεθειμένον κατὰ τὰς τροχαλίας, ἐὰν ἕλκῃ τις τῇ ἀρχῇ τοῦ καλωδίου,μεγάλα βάρη προσάγει, κἂν ᾖ μικρὰ ἡ ἕλκουσα ἰσχύς;
Why is it that, if one, having mounted two pulleys on two blocks of wood that face each other, winds a rope around them, having the load suspended from one of the blocks of wood, while the other block is fixed, either pressed against or attached near the pulleys, if one pulls the end of the rope, one draws great weights, even if the pulling force is small?
§18.2Ἢ διότι τὸ αὐτὸ βάρος ἀπὸ ἐλάττονος ἰσχύος, εἰ μοχλεύεται, ἐγείρεται, ἢ ἀπὸ χειρός;
Or is it because the same weight is raised by less force if it is pried with a lever than by hand?
Ἡ δὲ τροχιλέα τὸ αὐτὸ ποιεῖ τῷ μοχλῷ, ὥστε ἡ μία ῥᾷον ἕλξει, καὶ ἀπὸ μιᾶς ὁλκῆς τοῦ κατὰ χεῖρα πολὺ ἕλξει βαρύτερον.
And the pulley does the same thing as the lever, so that a single pulley will pull more easily, and with a single pull of the hand, it will pull a much heavier weight.
Τοῦτο δ’ αἱ δύο τροχαλίαι πλέον ἢ διπλασίῳ τάχει αἴρουσαι.
And two pulleys raise this with more than double the speed.
§18.3Ἔλαττον γὰρ ἔτι ἡ ἑτέρα ἕλκει ἢ εἰ αὐτὴ καθ’ ἑαυτὴν εἷλκεν, ὅτανπαρὰ τῆς ἑτέρας ἐπιβληθῇ τὸ σχοινίον· ἐκείνη γὰρ ἔτι ἔλαττονἐποίησε τὸ βάρος.
For the second pulley pulls still less than if it pulled by itself, when the rope is passed to it from the other; for that other has already made the weight still less.
Καὶ οὕτως ἐὰν εἰς πλείους ἐπιβάλληται τὸ καλώδιον, ἐν ὀλίγαις τροχιλέαις πολλὴ γίνεται διαφορά, ἢ ὥστε ὑπὸ τῆς πρώτης τοῦ βάρους ἕλκοντος τέτταρας μνᾶς, ὑπὸ τῆς τελευταίας ἕλκεσθαι πολλῷ ἐλάττω.
And thus if the rope is passed over more pulleys, with only a few pulleys a great difference is made, so that while under the first pulley the weight pulls four minae, under the last pulley it is pulled with much less.
§18.4Καὶ ἐν τοῖς οἰκοδομικοῖς ἔργοις ῥᾳδίως κινοῦσι μεγάλα βάρη· μεταφέρουσι γὰρ ἀπὸ τῆς αὐτῆς τροχιλέας ἐφ’ ἑτέραν, καὶ πάλιν ἀπ’ ἐκείνης εἰς ὄνους καὶ μοχλούς· τοῦτο δὲ ταὐτόν ἐστι τῷ ποιεῖν πολλὰς τροχιλέας.
And in building works they move great weights easily; for they transfer the rope from the same pulley to another, and again from that one to windlasses and levers; and this is the same as making many pulleys.