Humanitext Reader

Aristotle · Great Ethics §1.27.1

Righteous Indignation as a Mean Between Envy and Malice

Passage 29 of 71 · Greek

Summary

Defines righteous indignation as a mean between envy and malice, clarifying the differences in their attitudes toward others' good or bad fortune based on worthiness.

§1.27.1νέμεσις δέ ἐστιν μεσότης φθονερίας καὶ ἐπιχαιρεκακίας· ἀμφότεραι γὰρ αὗται ψεκταὶ εἰσίν, ὁ δὲ νεμεσητνκὸς ἐπαινετός.
Righteous indignation is a mean between envy and malice; for both of these are blameworthy, whereas the indignant man is praiseworthy.
ἔστι δʼ ἡ νέμεσις περὶ ἀγαθά, ἃ τυγχάνει ὑπάρχοντα ἀναξίῳ ὄντι, λυπή τις.
Righteous indignation is a certain pain concerning good things which happen to belong to one who is unworthy.
νεμεσητικὸς οὖν ὁ ἐπὶ τοῖς τοιούτοις λυπητικός.
The indignant man, therefore, is one who feels pain at such things.
καὶ ὁ αὐτός γε πάλιν οὗτος λυπήσεται, ἄν τινα ἴδῃ κακῶς πράττοντα ἀνάξιον ὄντα.
And this same person again will feel pain if he sees someone faring ill who is unworthy of it.
ἡ μὲν οὖν νέμεσις καὶ ὁ νεμεσητικὸς ἴσως τοιοῦτος, ὁ ὀέ γε φθονερὸς ἐναντίος τούτῳ.
So then, righteous indignation and the indignant man are perhaps of this kind, but the envious man is the opposite of this.
ἁπλῶς γάρ, ἄν τε ἄξιός τις ἄν τε μὴ τοῦ εὖ πράττειν, λυπήσεται.
For simply, whether someone is worthy or not of faring well, he will feel pain.
ὁμοίως τούτῳ ὁ ἐπιχαιρέκακος ἡσθήσεται κακῶς πράττοντι καὶ τῷ ἀξίῳ καὶ τῷ ἀναξίῳ.
Similarly to him, the malicious man will rejoice at someone faring ill, whether that person is worthy or unworthy.
ὁ δέ γε νεμεσητικὸς οὔ [τοιοῦτος], ἀλλὰ μέσος τίς ἐστι τούτων.
But the indignant man is not such, but is a certain mean between them.

Notes

  1. 1192bνεμεσητνκὸς — A scribal or textual error for νεμεσητικός (the indignant man).
  2. 1192bἔστι δʼ ἡ νέμεσις περὶ ἀγαθά, ἃ τυγχάνει ὑπάρχοντα ἀναξίῳ ὄντι, λυπή τις. — The syntactic skeleton of the sentence is ἔστι δʼ ἡ νέμεσις ... λυπή tis (righteous indignation is a certain pain), where the subject complement λυπή τις is placed at the end of the sentence, separated from the verb by the prepositional phrase περὶ ἀγαθά and the relative clause ἃ τυγχάνει ὑπάρχοντα ἀναξίῳ ὄντι.
  3. 1192bκακῶς πράττοντα ἀνάξιον ὄντα — The participle phrase ἀνάξιον ὄντα means "being unworthy (of ill fortune)". It refers to a situation where a person who does not deserve bad fortune is faring ill (κακῶς πράττοντα).

Cite this passage

Aristotle, Great Ethics §1.27.1. Humanitext Reader, https://reader.humanitext.ai/en/text/urn:cts:greekLit:tlg0086.tlg022.humanitext-grc1:1.27.1

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