§8.25Οἱ δ’ ὄνοι νοσοῦσι μάλιστα νόσον μίαν, ἣν καλοῦσι μηλίδα.
Asses suffer chiefly from one disease, which they call melis.
Γίνεται δὲ περὶ τὴν κεφαλὴν πρῶτον, καὶ ῥεῖ φλέγμα κατὰ τοὺς μυκτῆρας παχὺ καὶ πυρρόν· ἐὰν δὲ πρὸς τὸν πλεύμονα καταβῇ, ἀποκτείνει· τὰ δὲ περὶ τὴν κεφαλὴν πρῶτον οὐ θανάσιμα.
It arises first about the head, and a thick and yellowish phlegm flows down through the nostrils; and if it descends to the lungs, it kills; but while it is first about the head, it is not fatal.
Δυσριγότατον δ’ ἐστὶ τῶν τοιούτων ζῴων· διὸ καὶ περὶ τὸν Πόντον καὶ τὴν Σκυθικὴν οὐ γίνονται ὄνοι.
It is the most sensitive to cold of such animals; wherefore asses do not exist around the Pontus and Scythia.
§8.26Οἱ δ’ ἐλέφαντες κάμνουσι τοῖς φυσώδεσι νοσήμασιν· διὸ οὔτε τὸ ὑγρὸν περίττωμα προΐεσθαι δύνανται οὔτε τὸ τῆς κοιλίας.
Elephants suffer from flatulent diseases; wherefore they can void neither the liquid excrement nor that of the belly.
Καὶ ἐὰν γῆν ἐσθίῃ, μαλακίζεται, ἐὰν μὴ συνεχῶς· εἰ δὲ συνεχῶς, οὐδὲν βλάπτεται.
And if it eats earth, it becomes sick, unless it does so continuously; but if it does so continuously, it is not harmed at all.
Καταπίνει δὲ καὶ λίθους ἐνίοτε.
It also swallows stones sometimes.
Ἁλίσκεται δὲ καὶ διαρροίᾳ· ὅταν δ’ ἁλῷ, ἰατρεύουσιν ὕδωρ θερμὸν διδόντες πίνειν, καὶ τὸν χόρτον εἰς μέλι βάπτοντες διδόασιν ἐσθίειν, καὶ ἵστησιν ἑκάτερον τούτων.
It is also seized with diarrhoea; and when it is seized with it, they cure it by giving warm water to drink, and by dipping fodder into honey and giving it to eat, and either of these remedies stops it.
Ὅταν δὲ κοπιάσωσι διὰ τὸ μὴ κοιμηθῆναι, ἁλὶ τριβόμενοι καὶ ἐλαίῳ καὶ ὕδατι θερμῷ τοὺς ὤμους ὑγιάζονται.
And when they are exhausted from lack of sleep, they are restored by having their shoulders rubbed with salt, oil, and warm water.
Καὶ ὅταν τοὺς ὤμους ἀλγῇ, ὕεια κρέα ὀπτήσαντες προστιθέασι, καὶ βοηθεῖ αὐτοῖς.
And when they suffer pain in their shoulders, they roast pork and apply it, and this helps them.
Ἔλαιον δ’ οἱ μὲν πίνουσιν οἱ δ’ οὒ τῶν ἐλεφάντων· κἂν τύχῃ σιδήριόν τι ἐν τῷ σώματι ἐνόν, τὸ ἔλαιον ἐκβάλλει, ὅταν πίωσιν, ὡς φασί· τοῖς δὲ μὴ πίνουσι ῥίζαν ἑψήσαντες ἐν ἐλαίῳ διδόασιν.
Some of the elephants drink oil, and others do not; and if there happens to be any iron weapon in the body, the oil expels it when they drink, as they say; but to those that do not drink it, they boil some root in oil and give it.
§8.27Περὶ μὲν οὖν τῶν τετραπόδων ζῴων τοῦτον ἔχει τὸν τρόπον, τῶν δ’ ἐντόμων τὰ πλεῖστα εὐθηνεῖ ἐν ᾗπερ ὥρᾳ καὶ γίνεται, ὅταν τοιοῦτον ᾖ τὸ ἔτος οἷον τὸ ἔαρ, ὑγρὸν καὶ ἀλεεινόν.
So indeed it is with regard to quadruped animals; but of insects, most flourish in the very season in which they are produced, when the year happens to be like spring, wet and warm.
Ταῖς δὲ μελίτταις ἐγγίνεται ἐν τοῖς σμήνεσι θηρία ἃ λυμαίνεται τὰ κηρία, τό τε σκωλήκιον τὸ ἀραχνιοῦν καὶ λυμαινόμενον τὰ κηρία (καλεῖται δὲ κλῆρος, οἱ δὲ πυραύστην καλοῦσιν· ὃς ἐντίκτει ἐν τῷ κηρίῳ ὅμοιον ἑαυτῷ οἷον ἀράχνιον, καὶ νοσεῖν ποιεῖ τὸ σμῆνος), καὶ ἄλλο θηρίον, οἷον ὁ ἡπίολος ὁ περὶ τὸν λύχνον πετόμενος· οὗτος ἐντίκτει τι χνοῦ ἀνάπλεων, καὶ οὐ κεντεῖται ὑπὸ τῶν μελιττῶν, ἀλλὰ μόνον φεύγει καπνιζόμενος.
In beehives there arise creatures which destroy the combs: the small worm that spins web and destroys the combs (this is called cleros, and some call it pyraustes; which lays in the comb a web-like thing resembling itself, and makes the hive diseased), and another creature, like the moth that flies around the lamp; this lays something full of down, and is not stung by the bees, but only flees when smoked out.
Ἐγγίνονται δὲ καὶ κάμπαι ἐν τοῖς σμήνεσιν, ἃς καλοῦσι τερηδόνας· ἃς οὐκ ἀμύνονται αἱ μέλιτται.
There also arise caterpillars in the hives, which they call teredones; these the bees do not ward off.
Νοσοῦσι δὲ μάλιστα ὅταν ἐρυσιβώδη τὰ ἄνθη ἡ ὕλη ἐνέγκῃ, καὶ ἐν τοῖς αὐχμηροῖς ἔτεσιν.
They suffer from disease especially when the vegetation bears mildewed flowers, and in dry years.
Πάντα δὲ τὰ ἔντομα ἀποθνήσκει ἐλαιούμενα· τάχιστα δ’, ἄν τις τὴν κεφαλὴν ἀλείψας ἐν τῷ ἡλίῳ θῇ.
All insects die when smeared with oil; and most quickly if, after smearing the head, one places them in the sun.