§8.21τῶν δὲ τετραπόδων αἱ μὲν ὕες νοσήμασι μὲν κάμνουσι τρισίν, ὧν ἓν μὲν καλεῖται βράγχος, ἐν ᾧ μάλιστα τὰ περὶ τὰ βράγχια καὶ τὰς σιαγόνας φλεγμαίνει.
Of the quadrupeds, swine suffer from three diseases, of which one is called branchos, in which especially the parts around the windpipe and the jaws become inflamed.
Γίνεται δὲ καὶ ὅπου ἂν τύχῃ τοῦ σώματος· πολλάκις γὰρ τοῦ ποδὸς λαμβάνεται, ὁτὲ δ’ ἐν τῷ ὠτί.
It also occurs in any part of the body; for often it takes hold of the foot, and at other times in the ear.
Γίνεται δὲ σαπρὸν εὐθὺς καὶ τὸ ἐχόμενον, ἕως ἂν ἔλθῃ πρὸς τὸν πλεύμονα· τότε δ’ ἀποθνήσκει.
The adjacent part also becomes immediately putrid until it reaches the lung; and then the animal dies.
Ταχὺ δ’ αὐξάνεται· καὶ οὐθὲν ἐσθίει, ὅταν ἄρξηται τὸ πάθος κἂν ὁσονοῦν.
It grows rapidly; and the animal eats nothing, even the least bit, when the disease has once begun.
Ἰῶνται δ’ οἱ ὑοβοσκοί, ὅταν αἴσθωνται μικρὸν ὄν, ἄλλον μὲν οὐθένα τρόπον, ἀποτέμνουσι δ’ ὅλον.
Swineherds cure them, when they notice it while it is still small, in no other way than by cutting off the whole part.
Δύο δ’ ἄλλ’ ἐστί, λέγεται δὲ κραυρᾶν ἄμφω· ὧν τὸ μὲν ἕτερόν ἐστι κεφαλῆς πόνος καὶ βάρος, ᾧ αἱ πλεῖσται ἁλίσκονται, τὸ δ’ ἕτερον, ἡ κοιλία ῥεῖ.
There are two other diseases, both called krauran; of which one is a pain and heaviness of the head, by which most are seized, and the other is a running of the belly (diarrhoea).
Καὶ τοῦτο μὲν δοκεῖ εἶναι ἀνίατον, θατέρῳ δὲ βοηθοῦσιν οἶνον προσφέροντες πρὸς τοὺς μυκτῆρας καὶ κλύζοντες τοὺς μυκτῆρας οἴνῳ.
The latter seems to be incurable, but for the former they help by administering wine to the nostrils and syringing the nostrils with wine.
Διαφυγεῖν δὲ καὶ τοῦτο χαλεπόν· ἀναιρεῖ μὲν γὰρ ἐν ἡμέραις τρισὶν ἢ τέτταρσιν.
Yet it is difficult to escape this too; for it destroys them in three or four days.
Βραγχῶσι δὲ μάλιστα, ὅταν τὸ θέρος ἐνέγκῃ εὖ καὶ πιόταται ὦσιν· βοηθεῖ δὲ τά τε συκάμινα διδόμενα καὶ τὸ λουτρὸν ἐὰν ᾖ πολὺ καὶ θερμόν, καὶ ἐάν τις σχάσῃ ὑπὸ τὴν γλῶτταν.
They suffer especially from branchos when the summer brings good crops and they are very fat; and it helps to give them mulberries, and a bath if it is abundant and hot, and if one scarifies under the tongue.
Χαλαζώδεις δ’ εἰσὶ τῶν ὑῶν αἱ ὑγρόσαρκοι τά τε περὶ τὰ σκέλη καὶ τὰ περὶ τὸν τράχηλον καὶ τοὺς ὤμους, ἐν οἷς μέρεσι καὶ πλεῖσται γίνονται χάλαζαι· κἂν μὲν ὀλίγας ἔχῃ, γλυκυτέρα ἡ σάρξ, ἂν δὲ πολλάς, ὑγρὰ λίαν καὶ διάχυλος γίνεται.
Soft-fleshed swine are subject to cysts (measles); especially the parts about the legs, the neck, and the shoulders, in which parts the most cysts occur; and if it has few, the flesh is sweeter, but if many, it becomes too watery and soft.
Δῆλαι δ’ εἰσὶν αἱ χαλαζῶσαι· ἔν τε γὰρ τῇ γλώττῃ τῇ κάτω ἔχουσι μάλιστα τὰς χαλάζας, καὶ ἐάν τις τρίχας ἐκτίλλῃ ἐκ τῆς λοφιᾶς, ὕφαιμοι φαίνονται· ἔτι δὲ τὰ χαλαζῶντα τοὺς ὀπισθίους πόδας οὐ δύνανται ἡσυχάζειν.
Those that have cysts are obvious; for they have the most cysts under the tongue, and if one plucks hairs from the mane, they appear bloodshot at the roots; and furthermore, those having cysts in their hind legs cannot keep still.
Οὐκ ἔχουσι δὲ χαλάζας, ἕως ἂν ὦσι γαλαθηναὶ μόνον.
They do not have cysts as long as they are only sucklings.
Ἐκβάλλουσι δὲ τὰς χαλάζας ταῖς τιφαῖς· ὃ καὶ πρὸς τὴν τροφήν ἐστι χρήσιμον.
They expel the cysts by eating tiphe (spelt); which is also useful for food.
Ἄριστον δὲ πρὸς τὸ πιαίνειν καὶ τρέφειν οἱ ἐρέβινθοι καὶ τὰ σῦκα, τὸ δ’ ὅλον μὴ ποιεῖν ἁπλῆν τὴν τροφὴν ἀλλὰ ποικίλην· χαίρει γὰρ μεταβάλλουσα καθάπερ καὶ τἆλλα ζῷα, καὶ ἅμα φασὶ τὸ μὲν ἐμφυσᾶν τὸ δὲ σαρκοῦν τὸ δὲ πιαίνειν τῶν προσφερομένων, τὰς δὲ βαλάνους ἡδέως μὲν ἐσθίειν, ποιεῖν δ’ ὑγρὰν τὴν σάρκα· καὶ ἐὰν κύουσαι πλείους ἐσθίωσιν, ἐκβάλλουσιν ὥσπερ καὶ τὰ πρόβατα· ταῦτα γὰρ ἐπιδηλοτέρως τοῦτο πάσχει διὰ τὰς βαλάνους.
Best for fattening and nourishing them are chickpeas and figs, and in general not to make the food uniform but varied; for swine, like other animals, delight in a change of food, and at the same time they say that of the things offered, some blow them out, some make flesh, and some fatten; and they eat acorns with pleasure, but acorns make the flesh watery; and if pregnant sows eat too many, they miscarry, just as sheep do; for sheep suffer this more conspicuously because of acorns.
Χαλαζᾷ δὲ μόνον τῶν ζῴων ὧν ἴσμεν ὗς.
Of the animals we know, only the pig suffers from cysts.
§8.22Οἱ δὲ κύνες κάμνουσι νοσήμασι τρισίν· ὀνομάζεται δὲ ταῦτα λύττα, κυνάγχη, ποδάγρα.
Dogs suffer from three diseases; these are called madness (rabies), angina (quinsy), and gout.
Τούτων ἡ λύττα ἐμποιεῖ μανίαν, καὶ ὅταν δάκῃ, λυττῶσιν ἅπαντα τὰ δηχθέντα πλὴν ἀνθρώπου· καὶ ἀναιρεῖ δὲ τὸ νόσημα τοῦτο τάς τε κύνας καὶ ἄν τι δηχθῇ ὑπὸ λυττώσης πλὴν ἀνθρώπου.
Of these, madness causes fury, and when it bites, all bitten animals become mad except man; and this disease destroys both dogs and any other animal bitten by a mad dog except man.
Ἀναιρεῖ δὲ καὶ ἡ κυνάγχη τὰς κύνας· ὀλίγαι δὲ καὶ ἐκ τῆς ποδάγρας περιφεύγουσιν.
Angina also destroys dogs; and few recover from gout.
Λαμβάνει δ’ ἡ λύττα καὶ τὰς καμήλους.
Madness also seizes camels.
Τοὺς δ’ ἐλέφαντας πρὸς μὲν τὰ ἄλλα ἀρρωστήματα ἀνόσους εἶναί φασιν, ἐνοχλεῖσθαι δ’ ὑπὸ φυσῶν.
Elephants are said to be free from other diseases, but to be troubled by flatulence.
§8.23Οἱ δὲ βόες οἱ ἀγελαῖοι νοσοῦσι δύο νόσους, ὧν τὸ μὲν ποδάγρα τὸ δὲ κραῦρος καλεῖται.
Herd cattle suffer from two diseases, of which one is called gout and the other krauros.
Ἐν μὲν οὖν τῇ ποδάγρᾳ τοὺς πόδας οἰδοῦσιν, οὐκ ἀποθνήσκουσι δ’ οὐδὲ τὰς ὁπλὰς ἀποβάλλουσιν· βέλτιον δ’ ἴσχουσι τῶν κεράτων ἀλειφομένων πίσσῃ θερμῇ.
In gout, indeed, their feet swell, but they do not die nor do they lose their hoofs; and they get better when their horns are smeared with warm pitch.
Ὅταν δὲ κραυρᾷ, τὸ πνεῦμα γίνεται θερμὸν καὶ πυκνόν· καὶ ὅ ἐστιν ἐν τοῖς ἀνθρώποις πυρετός, τοῦτό ἐστιν ἐν τοῖς βουσὶ τὸ κραυρᾶν.
When a cow suffers from krauros, its breath becomes hot and rapid; and what fever is in men, this krauran is in cattle.
Σημεῖον δὲ τῆς ἀρρωστίας τὰ ὦτα καταβάλλουσι καὶ οὐ δύνανται ἐσθίειν.
A sign of the sickness is that they droop their ears and cannot eat.
Ἀποθνήσκουσι δὲ ταχέως, καὶ ἀνοιχθέντων ὁ πλεύμων φαίνεται σαπρός.
They die quickly, and when opened, the lung appears putrid.