§7.2Ἡ δὲ τῶν γυναικείων ὁρμὴ γίνεται περὶ φθίνοντας τοὺς μῆνας· διὸ φασί τινες τῶν σοφιζομένων καὶ τὴν σελήνην εἶναι θῆλυ, ὅτι ἅμα συμβαίνει ταῖς μὲν ἡ κάθαρσις τῇ δ’ ἡ φθίσις καὶ μετὰ τὴν κάθαρσιν καὶ τὴν φθίσιν ἡ πλήρωσις ἀμφοῖν.
The onset of the menses in women occurs when the moon is waning; and for this reason, some of the sophists say that the moon is female, because the purification in women and the waning of the moon happen at the same time, and after the purification and the waning, the filling up of both occurs.
Καὶ ταῖς μὲν συνεχῶς καθ’ ἕκαστον ὀλιγάκις τὰ καταμήνια φοιτᾷ, παρὰ δὲ μῆνα τρίτον ταῖς πλείσταις.
And in some women, the menses recur regularly each month but only rarely, while in most women they occur every other month or every third month.
Ὅσαις μὲν οὖν ὀλίγον χρόνον γίνεται, δύο ἢ τρεῖς ἡμέρας, ἀπαλλάττουσι ῥᾷον, ὅσαις δὲ πολλάς, χαλεπώτερον.
Now, those in whom it lasts for a short time, two or three days, get over it more easily, but those in whom it lasts for many days suffer more.
Πονοῦσι γὰρ τὰς ἡμέρας τὰς ἡμέρας ταύτας· ταῖς μὲν γὰρ ἀθρόα ἡ κάθαρσις γίνεται ταῖς δὲ κατ’ ὀλίγον, τὸ δὲ σῶμα βαρύνεται πάσαις, ἕως ἂν ἐξέλθῃ.
For they are in pain during these days; in some the purification occurs all at once, in others by degrees, but in all of them the body feels heavy until the discharge is completed.
Πολλαῖς δὲ καὶ ὅταν ὁρμᾷ τὰ καταμήνια καὶ μέλλῃ ῥήγνυσθαι, πνιγμοὶ γίνονται καὶ ψόφος ἐν ταῖς ὑστέραις, ἕως ἂν ῥαγῇ.
And in many women, when the menses are about to start and are on the point of breaking out, choking and a rumbling sound occur in the uterus until they break out.
Φύσει μὲν οὖν ἡ σύλληψις γίνεται μετὰ τὴν τούτων ἀπαλλαγὴν ταῖς γυναιξίν· καὶ ὅσαις μὴ γίνεται ταῦτα, ὡς ἐπὶ τὸ πολὺ ἄτεκνοι διατελοῦσιν.
Naturally, then, conception takes place in women after they are rid of these; and those in whom this discharge does not occur remain for the most part childless.
Οὐ μὴν ἀλλὰ καὶ μὴ γινομένων τούτων ἔνιαι συλλαμβάνουσιν, ὅσαις συναθροίζεται ἰκμὰς τοσαύτη ὅση ταῖς γειναμέναις ὑπολείπεται μετὰ τὴν κάθαρσιν, ἀλλὰ μὴ ὥστε καὶ θύραζε ἐξιέναι.
Nevertheless, some women conceive even when this does not occur, namely, those in whom there accumulates as much moisture as is left behind after purification in those who have given birth, yet not so much as to pass outside.
Καὶ γινομένων ἔτι ἔνιαι συλλαμβάνουσιν· ὕστερον δ’ οὐ συλλαμβάνουσιν, ὅσαις εὐθὺς μετὰ τὴν κάθαρσιν αἱ ὑστέραι συμμύουσιν.
And some women conceive while the menses are still flowing; but they do not conceive afterward, in those whose uterus closes immediately after the purification.
Γίνεται δ’ ἐνίαις καὶ κυούσαις διὰ τέλους τὰ γυναικεῖα· συμβαίνει μέντοι ταύταις φαῦλα τίκτειν, καὶ ἢ μὴ σώζεσθαι εἰς αὔξην ἢ ἀσθενῆ τὰ ἔκγονα γίγνεσθαι.
In some women, the menses occur throughout the whole period of pregnancy; however, it happens that these women produce inferior offspring, which either do not survive to maturity or grow up weak.
Πολλαῖς δὲ καὶ διὰ τὸ δεῖσθαι τῆς συνουσίας ἢ διὰ τὴν νεότητα καὶ τὴν ἡλικίαν, ἢ διὰ τὸ χρόνον ἀπέχεσθαι πολύν, καταβαίνουσιν αἱ ὑστέραι κάτω, καὶ τὰ γυναικεῖα γίνεται πολλάκις τρὶς τοῦ μηνός, ἕως ἂν συλλάβωσιν· τότε δ’ ἀπέρχονται πάλιν εἰς τὸν ἄνω τόπον τὸν οἰκεῖον.
And in many women, either due to their need for sexual intercourse, or because of their youth and age, or because they have abstained for a long time, the uterus prolapses downward, and the menses occur often thrice in a month until they conceive; but then the uterus returns again to its proper place above.
Ἐνίοτε δὲ κἂν συμβῇ ἔχουσα, τύχῃ δ’ ὑγρὰ οὖσα, ἀποφυσᾷ τοῦ σπέρματος τὸ ὑγρότερον.
And sometimes, even if she happens to have conceived, if she chances to be in a moist condition, she discharges the more liquid part of the semen.
Πάντων δὲ τῶν ζῴων, ὥσπερ εἴρηται καὶ πρότερον, ταῖς γυναιξὶ μᾶλλον τῶν ἄλλων θηλειῶν ἡ κάθαρσις γίνεται πλείστη.
And of all animals, as has been said before, the purification occurs most abundantly in women compared to other females.
Τοῖς μὲν γὰρ μὴ ζῳοτοκοῦσιν οὐθὲν τοιοῦτον ἐπισημαίνει διὰ τὸ τὴν περίττωσιν ταύτην τρέπεσθαι εἰς τὸ σῶμα (μείζω τε γὰρ ἔνια τῶν ἀρρένων ἐστί, καὶ ἔτι τοῖς μὲν εἰς φολίδας τοῖς δ’ εἰς λεπίδας τοῖς δ’ εἰς τὸ τῶν πτερῶν ἀναλίσκεται πλῆθος), τοῖς δὲ πεζοῖς καὶ ζῳοτόκοις εἴς τε τὰς τρίχας καὶ τὸ σῶμα (λεῖον γὰρ ἄνθρωπός ἐστι μόνον) καὶ εἰς τὰ οὖρα (παχεῖαν γὰρ τὰ πλεῖστα καὶ πολλὴν τὰ τοιαῦτα ποιεῖται τὴν ἔκκρισιν)· ταῖς δὲ γυναιξὶν ἀντὶ τούτων τρέπεται τὸ περίττωμα εἰς τὴν κάθαρσιν.
For in non-viviparous animals no such symptom is prominent, because this residue is directed to the body (for some of them are larger than the males, and further, in some it is consumed on horny scales, in others on fish scales, and in others on the abundance of feathers); while in terrestrial and viviparous animals, it is directed to the hair and the body (for man alone is smooth) and to the urine (for most of such animals make their excretion thick and abundant); but in women, instead of these, the residue is directed to the purification.
Ὁμοίως δ’ ἔχει τοῦτο καὶ ἐπὶ τῶν ἀρρένων· πλεῖστον γὰρ ὡς κατὰ τὸ μέγεθος ἀφίησι σπέρμα τῶν ἄλλων ζῴων ἄνθρωπος (διὸ καὶ λειότατον τῶν ζῴων ἐστὶν ἄνθρωπος), καὶ αὐτῶν δ’ οἱ ὑγρότεροι τὰς φύσεις καὶ μὴ πολύσαρκοι λίαν, καὶ οἱ λευκότεροι δὲ τῶν μελάνων.
This is likewise the case with males; for man discharges the most semen in proportion to his size compared to other animals (which is also why man is the smoothest of animals), and among men, those who are moister by nature and not over-fleshy, and those who are fairer rather than dark.
Καὶ ἐπὶ γυναικῶν δὲ τὸν αὐτὸν τρόπον· ταῖς γὰρ εὐσάρκοις πορεύεται εἰς τὴν τροφὴν τοῦ σώματος τὸ πολὺ τῆς ἐκκρίσεως.
And it is the same way with women; for in well-fleshed women, the greater part of the excretion goes to the nourishment of the body.
Καὶ ἐν ταῖς ὁμιλίαις δὲ τῶν ἀφροδισίων αἱ λευκότεραι τὴν φύσιν ἐξικμάζουσι μᾶλλον τῶν μελαινῶν.
Also, in sexual intercourse, women of a fairer nature secrete more moisture than those who are dark.
Ποιεῖ δὲ τῆς τροφῆς τὰ ὑγρὰ καὶ δριμέα τοιαύτην τὴν ὁμιλίαν μᾶλλον.
And moist and pungent kinds of food make them more inclined to such secretions during intercourse.