§6.17#1Τοὺς δὲ τόκους οὔτε πάντες οἱ ἰχθύες ποιοῦνται τὴν αὐτὴν ὥραν οὔθ’ ὁμοίως, οὔτε κύουσι τὸν ἴσον χρόνον.
Fish do not all perform their spawning at the same season nor in the same manner, nor do they gestate for an equal length of time.
Πρὸ μὲν οὖν τῆς ὀχείας ἀγέλαι γίνονται ἀρρένων καὶ θηλειῶν· ὅταν δὲ περὶ τὴν ὀχείαν καὶ τοὺς τόκους ὦσι, συνδυάζονται.
Before copulation, then, shoals of males and females are formed; but when they are near the time of copulation and spawning, they pair together.
Κύουσι δὲ τούτων ἔνιοι μὲν οὐ πλείους τριάκονθ’ ἡμερῶν, οἱ δὲ ἐλάττω χρόνον, πάντες δ’ ἐν χρόνοις διαιρουμένοις εἰς τὸν τῶν ἑβδομάδων ἀριθμόν.
Some of these gestate for no more than thirty days, others for a shorter time, but all within periods divisible into the number of sevens.
Κύουσι δὲ πλεῖστον χρόνον οὓς καλοῦσί τινες μαρίνους.
Those gestate for the longest time which some call marini.
Σάργος δὲ κυΐσκεται μὲν περὶ τὸν Ποσειδεῶνα μῆνα, κύει δ’ ἡμέρας τριάκοντα· καὶ ὃν καλοῦσι δέ τινες χελῶνα τῶν κεστρέων, καὶ ὁ μύξων τὴν αὐτὴν ὥραν καὶ ἴσον χρόνον κύουσι τῷ σάργῳ.
The sargus becomes pregnant about the month of Poseideon and gestates for thirty days; and that which some call chelone among the mullets, and the myxon gestate at the same season and for an equal time as the sargus.
Πονοῦσι δὲ τῇ κυήσει πάντες, διὸ μάλιστα τὴν ὥραν ταύτην ἐκπίπτουσιν· φέρονται γὰρ οἰστρῶντες πρὸς τὴν γῆν.
All suffer during gestation, wherefore they are especially cast ashore at this season; for they are carried in a frenzy towards the land.
Καὶ ὅλως ἐν κινήσει περὶ τὸν χρόνον τοῦτον διατελοῦσιν ὄντες, ἕως ἂν ἐκτέκωσιν· καὶ μάλιστα ὁ κεστρεὺς τοῦτο ποιεῖ τῶν ἰχθύων· ὅταν δ’ ἐκτέκωσιν, ἡσυχάζουσιν.
And on the whole they continue in motion during this period, until they have spawned; and the mullet does this most of all fish; but when they have spawned, they remain quiet.
Πολλοῖς δὲ τῶν ἰχθύων πέρας ἐστὶ τοῦ τίκτειν, ὅταν ἐγγένηται σκωλήκια ἐν τῇ γαστρί· ἐγγίνεται γὰρ μικρὰ καὶ ἔμψυχα, ἃ ἐξελαύνει τὰ κυήματα.
For many of the fish, the end of spawning is when small worms are generated in their belly; for small and living worms are generated, which drive out the fetuses.
Οἱ δὲ τόκοι γίνονται τοῖς μὲν ῥυάσι τοῦ ἔαρος, καὶ τοῖς πλείστοις δὲ περὶ τὴν ἐαρινὴν ἰσημερίαν· τοῖς δ’ ἄλλοις οὐχ ἡ αὐτὴ ὥρα τοῦ ἔτους, ἀλλὰ τοῖς μὲν τοῦ θέρους, τοῖς δὲ περὶ τὴν φθινοπωρινὴν ἰσημερίαν.
Spawning occurs for migratory fish in the spring, and for most of them about the vernal equinox; but for others it is not at the same season of the year, but for some in summer, and for others about the autumnal equinox.
Τίκτει δὲ πρῶτον τῶν τοιούτων ἀθερίνη (τίκτει δὲ πρὸς τῇ γῇ), κέφαλος δὲ ὕστατος· δῆλον δ’ ἐκ τοῦ πρῶτον ταύτης φαίνεσθαι τὸν γόνον, τοῦ δ’ ὕστατον.
The first of such fish to spawn is the atherine (and it spawns near the land), and the cephalus is the last; and this is clear from the fact that the fry of the former appears first, and that of the latter last.
Τίκτει δὲ καὶ κεστρεὺς ἐν τοῖς πρώτοις, καὶ σάλπη τοῦ θέρους ἀρχομένου ἐν τοῖς πλείστοις, ἐνιαχοῦ δὲ μετοπώρου.
The mullet also spawns among the first, and the salpe at the beginning of summer in most places, but in some places in autumn.
Τίκτει δὲ καὶ ὁ αὐλωπίας, ὃν καλοῦσί τινες ἀνθίαν, τοῦ θέρους.
The aulopias also spawns in summer, which some call anthias.
Μετὰ δὲ τούτους χρύσοφρυς καὶ λάβραξ καὶ μόρμυρος καὶ ὅλως οἱ καλούμενοι δρομάδες.
After these come the chrysophrys, the labrax, the mormyrus, and on the whole those called runners.
Ὕστατοι δὲ τῶν ἀγελαίων τρίγλη καὶ κορακῖνος· τίκτουσι δὲ οὗτοι περὶ τὸ μετόπωρον.
The last of the shoaling fish are the trigle and the coracinus; these spawn about autumn.
Τίκτει δ’ ἡ τρίγλη ἐπὶ τῷ πηλῷ, διὸ ὀψὲ τίκτει· πολὺν γὰρ χρόνον ὁ πηλὸς ψυχρός ἐστιν.
The trigle spawns on the mud, wherefore it spawns late; for the mud remains cold for a long time.
Ὁ δὲ κορακῖνος ὕστερον τῆς τρίγλης ἐπὶ τῶν φυκίων ἐκπορευόμενος, διὰ τὸ βιοτεύειν ἐν τοῖς πετραίοις χωρίοις· κύει δὲ πολὺν χρόνον.
The coracinus spawns later than the trigle, going out onto the seaweed, because it lives in rocky places; and it gestates for a long time.
Αἱ δὲ μαινίδες τίκτουσι μετὰ τροπὰς χειμερινάς.
The maenides spawn after the winter solstice.
Τῶν δ’ ἄλλων ὅσοι πελάγιοι, οἱ πολλοὶ θέρους τίκτουσιν· σημεῖον δ’ ὅτι οὐχ ἁλίσκονται τὸν χρόνον τοῦτον.
Of the other fish, those that are pelagic mostly spawn in summer; and the sign is that they are not caught during this season.
Πολυγονώτατον δ’ ἐστὶ τῶν ἰχθύων μαινίς, τῶν δὲ σελαχῶν βάτραχος·
The most prolific of fish is the mais, and of the selachians, the batrachos.