§5.32Γίνεται δὲ καὶ ἄλλα ζῳδάρια, ὥσπερ ἐλέχθη καὶ πρότερον, τὰ μὲν ἐν ἐρίοις καὶ ὅσα ἐξ ἐρίων ἐστίν, οἷον οἱ σῆτες, οἳ ἐμφύονται μᾶλλον ὅταν κονιορτώδη ᾖ τὰ ἔρια, μάλιστα δὲ γίνονται ἂν ἀράχνης συγκατακλεισθῇ· ἐκπίνων γάρ, ἐάν τι ἐνῇ ὑγρόν, ξηραίνει.
Other small animals also come into being, as was indeed said before, some in wool and what is made of wool, such as clothes-moths, which infect wool more when it is dusty, and they are especially produced if a spider is shut up with them; for by sucking out any moisture that is in it, the spider dries it.
Γίνεται δὲ καὶ ἐν χιτῶνι ὁ σκώληξ οὗτος.
This worm also comes into being in a shirt.
Καὶ ἐν κηρῷ δὲ γίνεται παλαιουμένῳ, ὥσπερ ἐν ξύλῳ ζῷον, ὃ δὴ δοκεῖ ἐλάχιστον εἶναι τῶν ζῴων πάντων καὶ καλεῖται ἀκαρί, λευκὸν καὶ μικρόν.
And in old wax, just as in wood, there comes into being an animal, which indeed is thought to be the smallest of all animals, and is called 'akari' (mite), white and small.
Καὶ ἐν τοῖς βιβλίοις ἄλλα γίνεται, τὰ μὲν ὅμοια τοῖς ἐν τοῖς ἱματίοις, τὰ δὲ τοῖς σκορπίοις ἄνευ τῆς οὐρᾶς, μικρὰ πάμπαν· καὶ ὅλως ἐν πᾶσιν ὡς εἰπεῖν, ἔν τε τοῖς ξηροῖς ὑγραινομένοις καὶ ἐν τοῖς ὑγροῖς ξηραινομένοις, ὅσα ἔχει αὐτῶν ζωήν.
And in books other things come into being, some similar to those in clothes, others like scorpions without a tail, altogether small; and generally, so to say, in all things, both in dry things that become damp and in damp things that become dry, in as many of them as have life.
Ἔστι δέ τι σκωλήκιον ὃ καλεῖται ξυλοφθόρον, οὐθενὸς ἧττον ἄτοπον τῶν ζῴων.
And there is a certain small worm which is called 'wood-destroyer', which is second to none of the animals in being strange.
Ἡ μὲν γὰρ κεφαλὴ ἔξω τοῦ κελύφους προέρχεται ποικίλη, καὶ οἱ πόδες ἐπ’ ἄκρου, ὥσπερ τοῖς ἄλλοις σκώληξιν, ἐν χιτῶνι δὲ τὸ ἄλλο σῶμα ἀραχνιώδει, καὶ περὶ αὐτὸ κάρφη, ὥστε δοκεῖν προσέχεσθαι βαδίζοντι· ταῦτα δὲ σύμφυτα τῷ χιτῶνί ἐστιν, ὥσπερ κοχλίᾳ τὸ ὄστρακον, οὕτω τὸ ἅπαν τῷ σκώληκι, καὶ οὐκ ἀποπίπτει ἀλλ’ ἀποσπᾶται ὥσπερ προσπεφυκότα· καὶ ἐάν τις τὸν χιτῶνα περιέλῃ, ἀποθνήσκει καὶ γίνεται ὁμοίως ἀχρεῖος ὥσπερ ὁ κοχλίας περιαιρεθέντος τοῦ ὀστράκου.
For its head, which is variegated, protrudes outside the case, and its feet are at the extremity, just as with other worms, but the rest of its body is in a spider-web-like sheath, and around this are dry twigs, so that it seems to be attached to it as it walks; these are co-grown with the sheath, and just as the shell is to the snail, so is the whole to the worm, and it does not fall off but is torn away as if grown to it; and if anyone strips off the sheath, it dies and becomes just as useless as a snail when its shell is stripped away.
Χρόνου δὲ προϊόντος γίνεται καὶ οὗτος ὁ σκώληξ χρυσαλλὶς ὥσπερ αἱ κάμπαι, καὶ ζῇ ἀκινητίζων· ὅ τι δ’ ἐξ αὐτοῦ γίνεται τῶν πτερωτῶν ζῴων, οὔπω συνῶπται.
As time goes on, this worm also becomes a chrysalis just like caterpillars, and lives without moving; but what kind of winged creature comes from it has not yet been observed.
Οἱ δ’ ἐρινεοὶ οἱ ἐν τοῖς ἐρινεοῖς ἔχουσι τοὺς καλουμένους ψῆνας.
And the wild fig trees contain in their wild figs the so-called fig-wasps.
Γίνεται δὲ τοῦτο πρῶτον σκωλήκιον, εἶτα περιρραγέντος τοῦ δέρματος ἐκπέτεται τοῦτο ἐγκαταλιπὼν ὁ ψήν, καὶ εἰσδύεται εἰς τὰ τῶν συκῶν ἐρινᾶ, καὶ διὰ στομάτων ποιεῖ μὴ ἀποπίπτειν τὰ ἐρινᾶ· διὸ περιάπτουσί τε τὰ ἐρινᾶ πρὸς τὰς συκᾶς οἱ γεωργοί, καὶ φυτεύουσι πλησίον ταῖς συκαῖς ἐρινεούς.
This first comes into being as a small worm, and then, when the skin bursts, this wasp flies out, leaving the skin behind, and creeps into the figs of the cultivated fig trees, and through the mouths of the fruit it prevents the figs from falling off; for which reason the farmers tie the wild figs to the fig trees, and plant wild fig trees near the fig trees.
§5.33Τῶν δὲ τετραπόδων καὶ ἐναίμων καὶ ᾠοτόκων αἱ μὲν γενέσεις εἰσὶ τοῦ ἔαρος, ὀχεύεται δ’ οὐ πάντα τὴν αὐτὴν ὥραν, ἀλλὰ τὰ μὲν ἔαρος τὰ δὲ θέρους τὰ δὲ περὶ τὸ μετόπωρον, ὡς ἑκάστοις πρὸς τὴν γένεσιν τῶν ἐκγόνων ἡ ἐπιοῦσα ὥρα συμφέρει.
Among quadrupeds that are both blooded and oviparous, the births take place in the spring, but they do not all copulate at the same season, but some in the spring, others in the summer, and others around the autumn, as the coming season is advantageous to each for the birth of their offspring.
Ἡ μὲν οὖν χελώνη τίκτει ᾠὰ σκληρόδερμα καὶ δίχροα ὥσπερ τὰ τῶν ὀρνίθων, τεκοῦσα δὲ κατορύττει καὶ τὸ ἄνω ποιεῖ ἐπίκροτον· ὅταν δὲ τοῦτο ποιήσῃ, φοιτῶσα ἐπῳάζει ἄνωθεν· ἐκλέπεται δὲ τὰ ᾠὰ τῷ ὑστέρῳ ἔτει.
Now the tortoise lays eggs with hard shells and two-colored like those of birds, and having laid them she buries them and makes the ground above them hard; and when she has done this, she visits the spot and hatches them from above; and the eggs hatch in the following year.
Ἡ δ’ ἑμὺς ἐξιοῦσα ἐκ τοῦ ὕδατος τίκτει, ὀρύξασα βόθυνον πιθώδη, καὶ ἐντεκοῦσα καταλείπει· ἐάσασα δ’ ἡμέρας ἐλάττους ἢ τριάκοντα ἀνορύττει καὶ ἐκλέπει ταχύ, καὶ ἀπάγει τοὺς νεοττοὺς εὐθὺς εἰς τὸ ὕδωρ.
And the freshwater turtle, coming out of the water, lays eggs, having dug a jar-shaped pit, and leaves them after laying; and having let them remain for fewer than thirty days, she digs them up and hatches them quickly, and leads the young immediately into the water.
Τίκτουσι δὲ καὶ αἱ θαλάττιαι χελῶναι ἐν τῇ γῇ ᾠὰ ὅμοια τοῖς ὄρνισι τοῖς ἡμέροις, καὶ κατορύξασαι ἐπῳάζουσι τὰς νύκτας.
And sea tortoises also lay eggs on the land, similar to those of domestic birds, and having buried them, they hatch them by night.
Τίκτουσι δὲ πολὺ πλῆθος ᾠῶν· καὶ γὰρ εἰς ἑκατὸν τίκτουσιν ᾠά.
And they lay a great number of eggs; indeed, they lay as many as a hundred eggs.
Τίκτουσι δὲ καὶ σαῦροι καὶ κροκόδειλοι οἱ χερσαῖοι καὶ οἱ ποτάμιοι εἰς τὴν γῆν.
And lizards and both land and river crocodiles also lay eggs on the land.
Ἐκλέπεται δὲ τὰ τῶν σαύρων αὐτόματα ἐν τῇ γῇ· οὐ γὰρ διετίζει ὁ σαῦρος· λέγεται γὰρ ἕκμηνος εἶναι βίος σαύρας.
And the eggs of lizards hatch spontaneously in the ground; for the lizard does not live through the year, since the life of a lizard is said to be six months.
Ὁ δὲ ποτάμιος κροκόδειλος τίκτει μὲν ᾠὰ πολλά, τὰ πλεῖστα περὶ ἑξήκοντα, λευκὰ τὴν χρόαν, καὶ ἐπικάθηται δ’ ἡμέρας ἑξήκοντα (καὶ γὰρ καὶ βιοῖ χρόνον πολύν), ἐξ ἐλαχίστων δ’ ᾠῶν ζῷον μέγιστον γίνεται ἐκ τούτων· τὸ μὲν γὰρ ᾠὸν οὐ μεῖζόν ἐστι χηνείου, καὶ ὁ νεοττὸς τούτου κατὰ λόγον, αὐξανόμενος δὲ γίνεται καὶ ἑπτακαίδεκα πήχεων.
And the river crocodile lays many eggs, at most about sixty, white in color, and sits on them for sixty days (for it also lives for a long time), and from the smallest eggs the largest animal is produced from these; for the egg is no larger than a goose's egg, and the young is in proportion to this, but as it grows it becomes even seventeen cubits long.
Λέγουσι δέ τινες ὅτι καὶ αὐξάνεται ἕως ἂν ζῇ.
And some say that it even grows as long as it lives.
§5.34Τῶν δὲ ὄφεων ὁ μὲν ἔχις ζῳοτοκεῖ ἔξω, ἐν αὑτῷ πρῶτον ᾠοτοκήσας· τὸ δ’ ᾠόν, ὥσπερ τῶν ἰχθύων, μονόχρουν ἐστὶ καὶ μαλακόδερμον.
Among snakes, the viper produces live young externally, having first produced eggs within itself; and the egg, just like those of fish, is of one color and soft-skinned.
Ὁ δὲ νεοττὸς ἄνω ἐπιγίνεται, καὶ οὐ περιέχει φλοιὸς ὀστρακώδης, ὥσπερ οὐδὲ τὰ τῶν ἰχθύων.
And the young one is formed on the upper part, and no shell-like rind encloses it, just as is the case with those of fish.
Τίκτει δὲ μικρὰ ἐχίδια ἐν ὑμέσιν, οἳ περιρρήγνυνται τριταῖοι· ἐνίοτε δὲ καὶ τὰ ἔσω διαφαγόντα αὐτὰ ἐξέρχεται.
It produces small young vipers in membranes, which burst on the third day; and sometimes they even gnaw through the internal parts and come out themselves.
Τίκτει δ’ ἐν μιᾷ ἡμέρᾳ καθ’ ἕν, τίκτει δὲ πλείω ἢ εἴκοσιν· οἱ δ’ ἄλλοι ὄφεις ᾠοτοκοῦσιν ἔξω, τὰ δ’ ᾠὰ ἀλλήλοις συνεχῆ ἐστὶν ὥσπερ αἱ τῶν γυναικῶν ὑποδερίδες· ὅταν δὲ τέκῃ εἰς τὴν γῆν, ἐπῳάζει.
It produces them one by one in a single day, and produces more than twenty; but the other snakes lay eggs externally, and the eggs are connected with one another like women's necklaces; and when the snake has laid them in the ground, it hatches them.
Ἐκλέπεται δὲ καὶ ταῦτα τῷ ὑστέρῳ ἔτει.
And these also hatch in the following year.