§4.6Τὰ δὲ καλούμενα τήθυα τούτων πάντων ἔχει τὴν φύσιν περιττοτάτην.
And the so-called tethya (sea-squirts) have the most peculiar nature of all of these.
Κέκρυπται γὰρ αὐτῶν μόνων τὸ σῶμα ἐν τῷ ὀστράκῳ πᾶν, τὸ δ’ ὄστρακόν ἐστι μεταξὺ δέρματος καὶ ὀστράκου, διὸ καὶ τέμνεται ὥσπερ βύρσα σκληρά.
For in them alone is the whole body hidden in the shell, and the shell is intermediate between skin and shell, wherefore also it is cut like a tough hide.
Προσπέφυκε μὲν οὖν ταῖς πέτραις τῷ ὀστράκῳ, δύο δ’ ἔχει πόρους ἀπέχοντας ἀπ’ ἀλλήλων, πάμπαν μικροὺς καὶ οὐ ῥᾳδίους ἰδεῖν, ᾗ ἀφίησι καὶ δέχεται τὸ ὑγρόν· περίττωμα γὰρ οὐδὲν ἔχει φανερόν, ὥσπερ τῶν ἄλλων ὀστρέων τὰ μὲν ὥσπερ ἐχῖνος, τὰ δὲ τὴν καλουμένην μήκωνα.
Now indeed it is attached to the rocks by its shell, and it has two passages distant from each other, altogether small and not easy to see, by which it discharges and receives the liquid; for it has no visible residue, whereas of the other shellfish some have it like the sea-urchin, and others have the so-called mecon.
Ἀνοιχθέντα δ’ ἔσωθεν πρῶτον μὲν ὑμένα ἔχει νευρώδη περὶ τὸ ὀστρακῶδες· ἐν δὲ τούτῳ αὐτό ἐστι τὸ σαρκῶδες τοῦ τηθύου, οὐδενὶ ὅμοιον τῶν ἄλλων· αὐτὴ μέντοι ἡ σὰρξ πᾶσιν ὁμοία.
When they are opened, inside they have first a sinewy membrane around the shelly part; and in this is the fleshy part of the tethyon itself, like nothing else; nevertheless the flesh itself is similar in all.
Προσπέφυκε δὲ τοῦτο κατὰ δύο τόπους τῷ ὑμένι καὶ τῷ δέρματι ἐκ πλαγίου· καὶ ᾗ προσπέφυκε, ταύτῃ ἐστὶ στενώτερον ἐφ’ ἑκάτερα, οἷς τείνει πρὸς τοὺς πόρους τοὺς ἔξω διὰ τοῦ ὀστράκου φέροντας, ᾗ ἀφίησι καὶ δέχεται τὴν τροφὴν καὶ τὸ ὑγρόν, ὡς ἂν εἰ τὸ μὲν στόμα εἴη, τὸ δὲ τῇ περιττώσει ἔξοδος· καὶ ἔστιν αὐτῶν τὸ μὲν παχύτερον τὸ δὲ λεπτότερον.
And this is attached in two places to the membrane and the skin on the side; and where it is attached, there it is narrower on each side, by which parts it extends towards the outer passages leading through the shell, where it discharges and receives food and liquid, as if the one were the mouth and the other the outlet for the residue; and of these, the one is thicker and the other is thinner.
Ἔσω δὲ κοῖλον ἐφ’ ἑκάτερα, καὶ διείργει μικρόν τι συνεχές· ἐν θατέρῳ δὲ τῶν κοίλων ἡ ὑγρότης ἐγγίνεται.
And inside it is hollow on each side, and a small continuous part divides them; and in one of the two cavities the liquid is produced.
Ἄλλο δ’ οὐδὲν ἔχει μόριον οὔτε ὀργανικὸν οὔτε αἰσθητήριον, οὔτε, ὥσπερ ἐλέχθη πρότερον ἐν τοῖς ἄλλοις, τὸ περιττωματικόν.
And it has no other part, neither instrumental nor sensory, nor, as was said before of the others, the residuary part.
Χρῶμα δὲ τοῦ τηθύου ἐστὶ τὸ μὲν ὠχρὸν τὸ δ’ ἐρυθρόν.
And the color of the tethyon is partly pale yellow, partly red.
Ἔστι δὲ καὶ τὸ τῶν ἀκαληφῶν γένος ἴδιον· προσπέφυκε μὲν γὰρ ταῖς πέτραις ὥσπερ ἔνια τῶν ὀστρακοδέρμων, ἀπολύεται δ’ ἐνίοτε.
And the class of the acalephe (sea-anemones) is also peculiar; for they are attached to the rocks like some of the testaceans, but sometimes they detach themselves.
Οὐκ ἔχει δ’ ὄστρακον, ἀλλὰ σαρκῶδες τὸ σῶμα πᾶν ἐστὶν αὐτῆς.
And they do not have a shell, but their body is entirely fleshy.
Αἰσθάνεται δὲ καὶ συναρπάζει προσφερομένης τῆς χειρὸς καὶ προσέχεται, καθάπερ ὁ πολύπους ταῖς πλεκτάναις, οὕτως ὥστε τὴν σάρκα ἐπανοιδεῖν.
And it perceives and seizes when a hand is brought near, and clings, just as the octopus does with its tentacles, so as to make the flesh swell up.
Ἔχει δὲ τὸ στόμα ἐν μέσῳ, καὶ ζῇ ἀπὸ τῆς πέτρας ὥσπερ ἀπ’ ὀστρέου.
And it has its mouth in the middle, and lives on the rock as if on a shell.
Κἄν τι προσπέσῃ τῶν μικρῶν ἰχθυδίων, ἀντέχεται ὥσπερ τῆς χειρός· οὕτω κἄν τι προσπέσῃ αὐτῇ ἐδώδιμον, κατεσθίει.
And if any of the small fish happen to fall against it, it holds it fast just as it does the hand; thus if anything edible falls against it, it devours it.
Καὶ ἀπολύεται δὲ γένος τι αὐτῶν, ὃ ἐάν τι προσπέσῃ κατεσθίει καὶ ἐχίνους καὶ κτένας.
And indeed one kind of them detaches itself, which, if anything falls in its way, devours even sea-urchins and scallops.
Περίττωμα δὲ οὐδὲν παντελῶς φαίνεται ἔχουσα, ἀλλ’ ὁμοία κατὰ τοῦτο τοῖς φυτοῖς ἐστίν.
And it appears to have no residue at all, but in this respect it is similar to plants.
Γένη δὲ τῶν ἀκαληφῶν ἐστὶ δύο, αἱ μὲν ἐλάττους καὶ ἐδώδιμοι μᾶλλον, αἱ δὲ μεγάλαι καὶ σκληραί, οἷαι γίνονται καὶ περὶ Χαλκίδα.
And there are two kinds of acalephe, the ones being smaller and more edible, the others large and hard, such as arise also around Chalcis.
Τοῦ μὲν οὖν χειμῶνος τὴν σάρκα στιφρὰν ἔχουσι (διὸ καὶ θηρεύονται καὶ ἐδώδιμοί εἰσι), τοῦ δὲ θέρους ἀπόλλυνται· γίνονται γὰρ μαδαραί, καὶ ἄν τις θίγῃ, διασπῶνται ταχέως καὶ ὅλαι οὐ δύνανται ἀφαιρεῖσθαι, πονοῦσαί τε ταῖς ἀλέαις εἰς τὰς πέτρας εἰσδύονται μᾶλλον.
Now in winter indeed they have their flesh firm (wherefore also they are hunted and are edible), but in summer they perish; for they become watery, and if anyone touches them, they tear quickly and cannot be removed whole, and suffering from the heat they retreat more into the rocks.
Περὶ μὲν οὖν τῶν μαλακίων καὶ τῶν μαλακοστράκων καὶ τῶν ὀστρακοδέρμων, ὅσα τε ἔχουσιν ἐκτὸς μέρη καὶ ὅσα ἐντός, εἴρηται·
Now, concerning the molluscs, the crustacea, and the testaceans, both what parts they have externally and what internally, has been told.