§2.4#2τοῖς μὲν οὖν θήλεσιν ἅπασιν ἀναγκαῖον γίγνεσθαι περίττωμα, τοῖς μὲν αἱματικοῖς πλεῖον, καὶ τούτων ἀνθρώπῳ πλεῖστον·
Therefore, it is necessary for a residue to be formed in all females, more in those that are blooded, and of these, most of all in human beings.
ἀνάγκη δὲ καὶ τοῖς ἄλλοις ἀθροίζεσθαί τινα σύστασιν εἰς τὸν ὑστερικὸν τόπον.
And it is necessary also for the others that some concretion should collect in the uterine region.
τὸ δ᾽ αἵτίον, ὅτι τοῖς θ᾽ αἱματικοῖς πλεῖον καὶ τούτων ὅτι πλεῖστον τοῖς ἀνθρώποις, εἴρηται πρότερον·
The cause of its being more in blooded animals, and of its being most of all in humans among these, has been said before.
τοῦ δ᾽ ἐν μὲν τοῖς θήλεσι πᾶσιν ὑπάρχειν περίττωμα τοιοῦτον, ἐν δὲ τοῖς ἄρρεσι μὴ πᾶσιν, ἔνια γὰρ οὐ προΐεται γονήν, ἀλλ᾽ ὥσπερ τὰ προειρημένα τῇ ἐν τῇ γονῇ κινήσει δημιουργεῖ τὸ συνιστάμενον ἐκ τῆς ἐν τοῖς θήλεσιν ὕλης, οὕτω τὰ τοιαῦτα ἐν τῇ ἐν αὑτοῖς κινήσει ἐν τῷ μορίῳ τούτῳ, ὅθεν ἀποκρίνεται τὸ σπέρμα, ταὐτὸ ποιεῖ καὶ συνίστησιν. τοῦτο δ᾽ ἐστὶν ὁ τόπος ὁ περὶ τὸ ὑπόζωμα πᾶσι τοῖς ἔχουσιν·
As for such a residue being present in all females, but not in all males—for some do not emit semen, but just as the aforementioned animals, by the movement in the semen, fashion the product that is constituted from the material in the females, so these latter, by the movement in themselves in this part from which the semen is secreted, do the same thing and constitute it—and this is the region around the diaphragm in all that possess it.
ἀρχὴ γὰρ τῆς φύσεως ἡ καρδία καὶ τὸ ἀνάλογον, τὸ δὲ κάτω προσθήκη καὶ τούτου χάριν.
For the principle of nature is the heart and its analogue, while the lower part is an addition and for the sake of this.
αἴτιον δὴ τοῦ τοῖς μὲν ἄρρεσι μὴ πᾶσιν εἶναι περίττωμα γεννητικόν, τοῖς δὲ θήλεσι πᾶσιν, ὅτι τὸ ζῷον σῶμα ἔμψυχόν ἐστιν.
The cause, then, of there not being a generative residue in all males, but being in all females, is that the animal is an ensouled body.
ἀεὶ δὲ παρέχει τὸ μὲν θῆλυ τὴν ὕλην, τὸ δ᾽ ἄρρεν τὸ δημιουργοῦν· ταύτην γὰρ αὐτῶν φαμὲν ἔχειν τὴν δύναμιν ἑκάτερον, καὶ τὸ εἶναι τὸ μὲν θῆλυ τὸ δ᾽ ἄρρεν τοῦτο.
And the female always provides the material, and the male the fashioning element; for we say that each of them has this power, and this is what it is to be female and male.
ὥστε τὸ μὲν θῆλυ ἀναγκαῖον παρέχειν σῶμα καὶ ὄγκον, τὸ δ᾽ ἄρρεν οὐκ ἀναγκαῖον· οὔτε γὰρ τὰ ὄργανα ἀνάγκη ἐνυπάρχειν ἐν τοῖς γιγνομένοις οὔτε τὸ ποιοῦν.
So it is necessary for the female to provide a body and bulk, but not necessary for the male; for it is necessary neither for the tools to be present in the things that are made, nor the maker.
ἔστι δὲ τὸ μὲν σῶμα ἐκ τοῦ θήλεος, ἡ δὲ ψυχὴ ἐκ τοῦ ἄρρενος· ἡ γὰρ ψυχὴ οὐσία σώματός τινός ἐστιν.
And the body is from the female, and the soul from the male; for the soul is the substance of a certain body.
καὶ διὰ τοῦτο ὅσα τῶν μὴ ὁμογενῶν μίγνυται θῆλυ καὶ ἄρρεν (μίγνυται δὲ ὧν ἴσοι οἱ χρόνοι καὶ ἐγγὺς αἱ κυήσεις, καὶ τὰ μεγέθη τῶν σωμάτων μὴ πολὺ διέστηκεν), τὸ μὲν πρῶτον κατὰ τὴν ὁμοιότητα γίγνεται κοινὸν ἀμφοτέρων, οἷον τὰ γιγνόμενα ἐξ ἀλώπεκος καὶ κυνὸς καὶ πέρδικος καὶ ἀλεκτρυόνος, προϊόντος δὲ τοῦ χρόνου καὶ ἐξ ἑτέρων ἕτερα γιγνόμενα τέλος ἀποβαίνει κατὰ τὸ θῆλυ τὴν μορφήν, ὥσπερ τὰ σπέρματα τὰ ξενικὰ κατὰ τὴν χώραν.
And for this reason, in as many animals of different kinds as copulate, female and male (and those copulate whose periods of gestation are equal and near, and whose body sizes do not differ much), at first the offspring is produced common to both according to similarity, as those produced from fox and dog, and from partridge and fowl, but as time goes on and one generation succeeds another, they end up taking the form of the female, just as foreign seeds do according to the soil.
αὕτη γὰρ ἡ τὴν ὕλην παρέχουσα καὶ τὸ σῶμα τοῖς σπέρμασιν ἐστίν.
For this is what provides the material and the body to the seeds.
καὶ διὰ τοῦτο τοῖς μὲν θήλεσι τὸ μόριον τὸ δεκτικὸν οὐ πόρος ἐστίν, ἀλλ᾽ ἔχουσι διάστασιν αἱ ὑστέαι· τοῖς δ᾽ ἄρρεσι πόροι τοῖς σπέρμα προϊεμένοις, ἄναιμοι δ᾽ οὗτοι, τῶν δὲ περιττωμάτων ἕκαστον ἅμα ἔν τε τοῖς οἰκείοις τόποις ἐστὶ καὶ γίγνεται περίττωμα· πρότερον δ᾽ οὐθέν, ἂν μή τι βίᾳ πολλῇ καὶ παρὰ φύσιν.
And for this reason, in females the receptive part is not a passage, but the uterus has an expansion; but in males that emit semen they are passages, and these are bloodless. Each of the residues is at the same time in its proper place and becomes a residue; and beforehand it is nothing, unless by some great force and contrary to nature.
δι᾽ ἣν μὲν οὖν αἰτίαν ἀποκρίνεται τὰ περιττώματα τὰ γεννητικὰ τοῖς ζῴοις, εἴρηται.
For what cause, then, the generative residues are secreted in animals, has been said.
ὅταν δ᾽ ἔλθῃ τὸ σπέρμα ἀπὸ τοῦ ἄρρενος τῶν σπέρμα προϊεμένων, συνίστησι τὸ καθαρώτατον τοῦ περιττώματος.
And when the semen comes from the male in those that emit semen, it constitutes the purest part of the residue.
τὸ γὰρ πλεῖστον ἄχρηστον καὶ ἐν τοῖς καταμηνίοις ἐστὶν ὑγρόν, ὥσπερ καὶ τῆς τοῦ ἄρρενος γονῆς τὸ ὑγρότατον, καὶ τῆς εἰσάπαξ προέσεως· καὶ ἡ προτέρα τῆς ὑστέρας ἄγονος μᾶλλον τοῖς πλείστοις· ἐλάττω γὰρ ἔχει θερμότητα ψυχικὴν διὰ τὴν ἀπεψίαν, τὸ δὲ πεπεμμένον πάχος ἔχει καὶ σεσωμάτωται μᾶλλον.
For the greatest part of the fluid even in the catamenia is useless, just as the wettest part of the male's semen and of the discharge at one time is; and the earlier part of the discharge is more infertile than the later in most cases; for it has less soul-heat because of being unconcocted, whereas that which is concocted has thickness and is more embodied.
ὅσαις δὲ μὴ γίνεται θύραζέ τις πρόεσις, ἢ τῶν γυναικῶν ἢ τῶν ἄλλων ζῴων, διὰ τὸ μὴ ἐνυπάρχειν ἄχρηστον περίττωμα πολὺ ἐν τῇ ἀποκρίσει τῇ τοιαύτῃ, τοσοῦτόν ἐστι τὸ ἐγγινόμενον ὅσον τὸ ὑπολειπόμενον τοῖς θύραζε προϊεμένοις ζῴοις, ὃ συνίστησιν ἡ τοῦ ἄρρενος δύναμις ἡ ἐν τῷ σπέρματι τῷ ἀποκρινομένῳ, ἢ εἰς τὸ ἄρρεν ἐλθόντος τοῦ ἀνάλογον μορίου ταῖς ὑστέραις, ὥσπερ ἔν τισι τῶν ἐντόμων φαίνεται συμβαῖνον.
But in those, whether women or other animals, in whom no discharge occurs outwardly, because there is not much useless residue in such a secretion, the amount produced within is as much as what remains in the animals that emit outwardly, which is constituted by the power of the male in the secreted semen, or by the organ analogous to the uterus entering into the male, as appears to happen in some insects.
ὅτι δ᾽ ἡ γινομένη ὑγρότης μετὰ τῆς ἡδονῆς τοῖς θήλεσιν οὐδὲν συμβάλλεται εἰς τὸ κύημα, εἴρηται πρότερον.
And that the fluid which is formed with pleasure in females contributes nothing to the embryo, has been said before.
μάλιστα δ’ ἂν δόξειεν, ὅτι καθάπερ τοῖς ἄρρεσι, γίγνεται καὶ ταῖς γυναιξὶ νύκτωρ ὃ καλοῦσιν ἐξονειρώττειν.
This might seem to be so especially because, just as in males, there occurs in women at night what they call having a wet dream.
ἀλλὰ τοῦτο σημεῖον οὐθέν· γίνεται γὰρ καὶ τοῖς νέοις τῶν ἀρρένων τοῖς μέλλουσι μὲν μηθὲν δὲ προϊεμένοις, ἢ τοῖς ἐπιπροϊεμένοις ἄγονον.
But this is no sign; for it occurs also in young males who are about to emit but do not yet emit anything, or in those who emit what is infertile.
ἄνευ μὲν οὖν τῆς τοῦ ἄρρενος προέσεως ἐν τῇ συνουσίᾳ ἀδύνατον συλλαβεῖν, καὶ ἄνευ τῆς τῶν γυναικείων περιττώσεως ἢ θύραζε προελθούσης ἢ ἐντὸς ἱκανῆς οὔσης.
Therefore, without the emission of the male in copulation it is impossible to conceive, and also without the female residue, whether it has come outwardly or is sufficient within.