§9.1ἐν πάσαις δὲ ταῖς ἀνομοιοειδέσι φιλίαις τὸ ἀνάλογον ἰσάζει καὶ σῴζει τὴν φιλίαν, καθάπερ εἴρηται, οἷον καὶ ἐν τῇ πολιτικῇ τῷ σκυτοτόμῳ ἀντὶ τῶν ὑποδημάτων ἀμοιβὴ γίνεται κατʼ ἀξίαν, καὶ τῷ ὑφάντῃ καὶ τοῖς λοιποῖς.
In all friendships between dissimilars, it is proportion that equalizes and preserves the friendship, as has been said; just as in civic association, the shoemaker receives a return for his shoes according to their value, and so does the weaver and the rest.
ἐνταῦθα μὲν οὖν πεπόρισται κοινὸν μέτρον τὸ νόμισμα, καὶ πρὸς τοῦτο δὴ πάντα ἀναφέρεται καὶ τούτῳ μετρεῖται·
In that sphere, then, a common measure has been provided in money, and everything is referred to this and measured by it.
ἐν δὲ τῇ ἐρωτικῇ ἐνίοτε μὲν ὁ ἐραστὴς ἐγκαλεῖ ὅτι ὑπερφιλῶν οὐκ ἀντιφιλεῖται, οὐδὲν ἔχων φιλητόν, εἰ οὕτως ἔτυχεν, πολλάκις δʼ ὁ ἐρώμενος ὅτι πρότερον ἐπαγγελλόμενος πάντα νῦν οὐδὲν ἐπιτελεῖ.
But in the friendship of love, sometimes the lover complains that though he loves exceedingly he is not loved in return, when it may happen that he has nothing lovable about him; and often the beloved complains that the lover, having previously promised everything, now performs nothing.
συμβαίνει δὲ τὰ τοιαῦτα, ἐπειδὰν ὃ μὲν διʼ ἡδονὴν τὸν ἐρώμενον φιλῇ, ὃ δὲ διὰ τὸ χρήσιμον τὸν ἐραστήν, ταῦτα δὲ μὴ ἀμφοῖν ὑπάρχῃ.
Such things happen when the lover loves the beloved for pleasure, and the beloved loves the lover for utility, and these things are no longer present to both.
διὰ ταῦτα γὰρ τῆς φιλίας οὔσης διάλυσις γίνεται, ἐπειδὰν μὴ γίνηται ὧν ἕνεκα ἐφίλουν· οὐ γὰρ αὐτοὺς ἔστεργον ἀλλὰ τὰ ὑπάρχοντα, οὐ μόνιμα ὄντα· διὸ τοιαῦται καὶ αἱ φιλίαι.
For since the friendship was for the sake of these, a dissolution occurs when they do not obtain that for which they loved; for they did not love each other, but what they had, which was not permanent; hence such friendships are also not permanent.
ἡ δὲ τῶν ἠθῶν καθʼ αὑτὴν οὖσα μένει, καθάπερ εἴρηται.
But the friendship of character, being for its own sake, endures, as has been said.
διαφέρονται δʼ ὅταν ἕτερα γίνηται αὐτοῖς καὶ μὴ ὧν ὀρέγονται· ὅμοιον γὰρ τῷ μηδὲν γίνεσθαι, ὅταν οὗ ἐφίεται μὴ τυγχάνῃ, οἷον καὶ τῷ κιθαρῳδῷ ὁ ἐπαγγελλόμενος, καὶ ὅσῳ ἄμεινον ᾄσειεν, τοσούτῳ πλείω· εἰς ἕω δʼ ἀπαιτοῦντι τὰς ὑποσχέσεις ἀνθʼ ἡδονῆς ἡδονὴν ἀποδεδωκέναι ἔφη.
But disputes arise when they get something other than what they desire; for it is like getting nothing when one does not obtain what one aims at, as in the case of the person who made promises to the cithara-player, and the better he sang, the more he promised; but in the morning, when the player demanded the fulfillment of the promises, the other said he had returned pleasure for pleasure.
εἰ μὲν οὖν ἑκάτερος τοῦτο ἐβούλετο, ἱκανῶς ἂν εἶχεν· εἰ δʼ ὃ μὲν τέρψιν ὃ δὲ κέρδος, καὶ ὃ μὲν ἔχει ὃ δὲ μή, οὐκ ἂν εἴη τὰ κατὰ τὴν κοινωνίαν καλῶς·
Now if each of them had wished for this, it would have been well; but if the one wanted amusement and the other gain, and the one has got what he wanted while the other has not, the terms of their association would not be well.
ὧν γὰρ δεόμενος τυγχάνει, τούτοις καὶ προσέχει, κἀκείνου γε χάριν ταῦτα δώσει.
For a person is intent on that which he happens to need, and it is for the sake of this that he will give what he has.
τὴν ἀξίαν δὲ ποτέρου τάξαι ἐστί, τοῦ προϊεμένου ἢ τοῦ προλαβόντος;
But whose part is it to fix the value? Is it that of the one who gives first, or of the one who receives first?
ὁ γὰρ προϊέμενος ἔοικʼ ἐπιτρέπειν ἐκείνῳ.
For the one who gives first seems to leave it to the other.
ὅπερ φασὶ καὶ Πρωταγόραν ποιεῖν· ὅτε γὰρ διδάξειεν ἁδήποτε, τιμῆσαι τὸν μαθόντα ἐκέλευεν ὅσου δοκεῖ ἄξια ἐπίστασθαι, καὶ ἐλάμβανε τοσοῦτον.
This is what they say Protagoras also used to do; for whenever he taught anything whatsoever, he would bid the learner estimate how much he thought the knowledge was worth, and he would accept that amount.
ἐν τοῖς τοιούτοις δʼ ἐνίοις ἀρέσκει τὸ
"μισθὸς δʼ ἀνδρί. "
οἱ δὲ προλαμβάνοντες τὸ ἀργύριον, εἶτα μηδὲν ποιοῦντες ὧν ἔφασαν διὰ τὰς ὑπερβολὰς τῶν ἐπαγγελιῶν, εἰκότως ἐν ἐγκλήμασι γίνονται· οὐ γὰρ ἐπιτελοῦσιν ἃ ὡμολόγησαν.
In such matters some people prefer the saying: "Let the wage agreed for a friend be sufficient." But those who receive the money beforehand, and then perform nothing of what they said because of the excess of their promises, naturally find themselves subject to complaints; for they do not perform what they agreed.
τοῦτο δʼ ἴσως ποιεῖν οἱ σοφισταὶ ἀναγκάζονται διὰ τὸ μηδένα ἂν δοῦναι ἀργύριον ὧν ἐπίστανται.
This is perhaps what the sophists are forced to do, because no one would give money for the things they know.
οὗτοι μὲν οὖν ὧν ἔλαβον τὸν μισθόν, μὴ ποιοῦντες εἰκότως ἐν ἐγκλήμασίν εἰσιν.
These, then, because they do not perform the services for which they received the wage, are naturally subject to complaints.
ἐν οἷς δὲ μὴ γίνεται διομολογία τῆς ὑπουργίας, οἱ μὲν διʼ αὐτοὺς προϊέμενοι εἴρηται ὅτι ἀνέγκλητοι (τοιαύτη γὰρ ἡ κατʼ ἀρετὴν φιλία), τὴν ἀμοιβήν τε ποιητέον κατὰ τὴν προαίρεσιν (αὕτη γὰρ τοῦ φίλου καὶ τῆς ἀρετῆς)·
But in cases where there is no agreement about the service, those who give first for the sake of the other person themselves are, as has been said, free from complaint (for such is the friendship based on virtue), and the return must be made according to the choice (for this is what belongs to the friend and to virtue).
οὕτω δʼ ἔοικε καὶ τοῖς φιλοσοφίας κοινωνήσασιν· οὐ γὰρ πρὸς χρήμαθʼ ἡ ἀξία μετρεῖται, τιμή τʼ ἰσόρροπος οὐκ ἂν γένοιτο, ἀλλʼ ἴσως ἱκανόν, καθάπερ καὶ πρὸς θεοὺς καὶ πρὸς γονεῖς, τὸ ἐνδεχόμενον.
This seems also to be the case for those who have shared in philosophy; for its value is not measured by money, and no equal honor could be rendered, but perhaps it is enough, as in the case of gods and parents, to return what is possible.
μὴ τοιαύτης δʼ οὔσης τῆς δόσεως ἀλλʼ ἐπί τινι, μάλιστα μὲν ἴσως δεῖ τὴν ἀνταπόδοσιν γίνεσθαι δοκοῦσαν ἀμφοῖν κατʼ ἀξίαν εἶναι, εἰ δὲ τοῦτο μὴ συμβαίνοι, οὐ μόνον ἀναγκαῖον δόξειεν ἂν τὸν προέχοντα τάττειν, ἀλλὰ καὶ δίκαιον·
But where the giving is not of this kind, but on some condition, it is perhaps best that the return should be such as is thought by both to be according to value; but if this should not happen, it would seem not only necessary but also just that the one who received first should fix the value.
ὅσον γὰρ οὗτος ὠφελήθη ἢ ἀνθʼ ὅσου τὴν ἡδονὴν εἵλετʼ ἄν, τοσοῦτον ἀντιλαβὼν ἕξει τὴν παρὰ τούτου ἀξίαν.
For whatever benefit this person received, or for whatever price he would have chosen the pleasure, if the other receives this much in return, he will have what is valued according to worth from him.
καὶ γὰρ ἐν τοῖς ὠνίοις οὕτω φαίνεται γινόμενον, ἐνιαχοῦ τʼ εἰσὶ νόμοι τῶν ἑκουσίων συμβολαίων δίκας μὴ εἶναι, ὡς δέον, ᾧ ἐπίστευσε, διαλυθῆναι πρὸς τοῦτον καθάπερ ἐκοινώνησεν.
For this is how it appears to happen also in commercial sales; and in some places there are laws that there shall be no actions at law for voluntary contracts, on the ground that one should settle with the person whom one trusted in the same way as one entered into association with him.
ᾧ γὰρ ἐπετράφθη, τοῦτον οἴεται δικαιότερον εἶναι τάξαι τοῦ ἐπιτρέψαντος.
For they think it is more just that the person to whom it was entrusted should fix the value than the one who entrusted it.
τὰ πολλὰ γὰρ οὐ τοῦ ἴσου τιμῶσιν οἱ ἔχοντες καὶ οἱ βουλόμενοι λαβεῖν· τὰ γὰρ οἰκεῖα καὶ ἃ διδόασιν ἑκάστοις φαίνεται πολλοῦ ἄξια· ἀλλʼ ὅμως ἡ ἀμοιβὴ γίνεται πρὸς τοσοῦτον ὅσον ἂν τάττωσιν οἱ λαμβάνοντες.
For most things are not valued at the same amount by those who have them and those who wish to receive them; for what is one's own and what one gives appears to each to be of great value; but nevertheless the return is made according to the amount fixed by those who receive.
δεῖ δʼ ἴσως οὐ τοσούτου τιμᾶν ὅσου ἔχοντι φαίνεται ἄξιον, ἀλλʼ ὅσου πρὶν ἔχειν ἐτίμα.
But perhaps one should value it not at what it appears to be worth when one has it, but at what one valued it at before having it.