§8.9ἔοικε δέ, καθάπερ ἐν ἀρχῇ εἴρηται, περὶ ταὐτὰ καὶ ἐν τοῖς αὐτοῖς εἶναι ἥ τε φιλία καὶ τὸ δίκαιον.
And friendship and justice seem, as was said at the beginning, to be concerned with the same things and to be found in the same persons.
ἐν ἁπάσῃ γὰρ κοινωνίᾳ δοκεῖ τι δίκαιον εἶναι, καὶ φιλία δέ· προσαγορεύουσι γοῦν ὡς φίλους τοὺς σύμπλους καὶ τοὺς συστρατιώτας, ὁμοίως δὲ καὶ τοὺς ἐν ταῖς ἄλλαις κοινωνίαις.
For in every community there seems to be some justice, and also friendship; at all events, people address as friends their shipmates and fellow-soldiers, and similarly those in other communities.
καθʼ ὅσον δὲ κοινωνοῦσιν, ἐπὶ τοσοῦτόν ἐστι φιλία· καὶ γὰρ τὸ δίκαιον.
And to the extent that they associate, to that extent there is friendship; for so is there justice.
καὶ ἡ παροιμία
"κοινὰ τὰ φίλων,"
ὀρθῶς· ἐν κοινωνίᾳ γὰρ ἡ φιλία.
And the proverb "friends' property is common" is correct; for friendship consists in community.
ἔστι δʼ ἀδελφοῖς μὲν καὶ ἑταίροις πάντα κοινά, τοῖς δʼ ἄλλοις ἀφωρισμένα, καὶ τοῖς μὲν πλείω τοῖς δʼ ἐλάττω· καὶ γὰρ τῶν φιλιῶν αἳ μὲν μᾶλλον αἳ δʼ ἧττον.
And while brothers and companions have all things in common, for others things are defined, for some more, for others less; for indeed of friendships some exist in a higher degree, others in a lower.
διαφέρει δὲ καὶ τὰ δίκαια· οὐ γὰρ ταὐτὰ γονεῦσι πρὸς τέκνα καὶ ἀδελφοῖς πρὸς ἀλλήλους, οὐδʼ ἑταίροις καὶ πολίταις, ὁμοίως δὲ καὶ ἐπὶ τῶν ἄλλων φιλιῶν.
And the demands of justice also differ; for they are not the same for parents toward children and brothers toward each other, nor for companions and citizens, and similarly in the case of other friendships.
ἕτερα δὴ καὶ τὰ ἄδικα πρὸς ἑκάστους τούτων, καὶ αὔξησιν λαμβάνει τῷ μᾶλλον πρὸς φίλους εἶναι, οἷον χρήματα ἀποστερῆσαι ἑταῖρον δεινότερον ἢ πολίτην, καὶ μὴ βοηθῆσαι ἀδελφῷ ἢ ὀθνείῳ, καὶ πατάξαι πατέρα ἢ ὁντινοῦν ἄλλον.
The acts of injustice towards each of these are also different, and they increase in injustice by being directed against those who are more friends; for example, to defraud a companion of money is more terrible than to defraud a fellow-citizen, and not to help a brother is more terrible than not to help a stranger, and to strike a father is more terrible than to strike anyone else.
αὔξεσθαι δὲ πέφυκεν ἅμα τῇ φιλίᾳ καὶ τὸ δίκαιον, ὡς ἐν τοῖς αὐτοῖς ὄντα καὶ ἐπʼ ἴσον διήκοντα.
And justice naturally increases together with friendship, since they exist in the same persons and extend to an equal degree.
αἱ δὲ κοινωνίαι πᾶσαι μορίοις ἐοίκασι τῆς πολιτικῆς· συμπορεύονται γὰρ ἐπί τινι συμφέροντι, καὶ ποριζόμενοί τι τῶν εἰς τὸν βίον· καὶ ἡ πολιτικὴ δὲ κοινωνία τοῦ συμφέροντος χάριν δοκεῖ καὶ ἐξ ἀρχῆς συνελθεῖν καὶ διαμένειν· τούτου γὰρ καὶ οἱ νομοθέται στοχάζονται, καὶ δίκαιόν φασιν εἶναι τὸ κοινῇ συμφέρον.
And all communities seem to be parts of the political community; for they travel together for some advantage, and to provide something of what is needed for life; and the political community also seems to have come together originally and to continue to exist for the sake of advantage; for this is what legislators also aim at, and they say that what is of common advantage is just.
αἱ μὲν οὖν ἄλλαι κοινωνίαι κατὰ μέρη τοῦ συμφέροντος ἐφίενται, οἷον πλωτῆρες μὲν τοῦ κατὰ τὸν πλοῦν πρὸς ἐργασίαν χρημάτων ἤ τι τοιοῦτον, συστρατιῶται δὲ τοῦ κατὰ τὸν πόλεμον, εἴτε χρημάτων εἴτε νίκης ἢ πόλεως ὀρεγόμενοι, ὁμοίως δὲ καὶ φυλέται καὶ δημόται.
Now, the other communities aim at parts of advantage; for example, sailors aim at that which is of advantage for their voyage with a view to making money or something of the sort, fellow-soldiers at that which is of advantage in war, whether they desire money or victory or a city, and similarly also members of a tribe and of a deme.
πᾶσαι δʼ αὗται ὑπὸ τὴν πολιτικὴν ἐοίκασιν εἶναι· οὐ γὰρ τοῦ παρόντος συμφέροντος ἡ πολιτικὴ ἐφίεται, ἀλλʼ εἰς ἅπαντα τὸν βίον θυσίας τε ποιοῦντες καὶ περὶ ταύτας συνόδους, τιμάς τε ἀπονέμοντες τοῖς θεοῖς, καὶ αὑτοῖς ἀναπαύσεις πορίζοντες μεθʼ ἡδονῆς.
And all these seem to be under the political community; for the political community aims not at a present advantage, but at what is for the whole of life, making sacrifices and meetings for them, and rendering honors to the gods, and providing for themselves recreation with pleasure.
αἱ γὰρ ἀρχαῖαι θυσίαι καὶ σύνοδοι φαίνονται γίνεσθαι μετὰ τὰς τῶν καρπῶν συγκομιδὰς οἷον ἀπαρχαί· μάλιστα γὰρ ἐν τούτοις ἐσχόλαζον τοῖς καιροῖς.
For the ancient sacrifices and meetings seem to take place after the harvest of crops as first-fruits; for it was at these seasons that they had most leisure.
πᾶσαι δὴ φαίνονται αἱ κοινωνίαι μόρια τῆς πολιτικῆς εἶναι· ἀκολουθήσουσι δὲ αἱ τοιαῦται φιλίαι ταῖς τοιαύταις κοινωνίαις.
All communities, then, seem to be parts of the political community; and the corresponding kinds of friendship will follow the corresponding kinds of community.