§26XXVI. ἡ μὲν οὗν τῶν Ἀρεοπαγιτῶν βουλὴ τοῦτον τὸν τρόπον ἀπεστερήθη τῆς ἐπιμελείας.
XXVI. In this way, then, the Council of the Areopagites was deprived of its supervision.
μετὰ δὲ ταῦτα συνέβαινεν ἀνίεσθαι μᾶλλον τὴν πολιτείαν διὰ τοὺς προθύμως δημαγωγοῦντας.
After this, it happened that the constitution was further relaxed because of those who eagerly led the demagogy.
κατὰ γὰρ τοὺς καιροὺς τούτους συνέπεσε μηδ᾿ ἡγεμόνα ἔχειν τοὺς ἐπιεικεστέρους, ἀλλ᾿ αὐτῶν προεστάναι Κίμωνα τὸν Μιλτιάδου, νεώτερον ἄντα καὶ πρὸς τὴν πόλιν ὀψὲ προσελθόντα, πρὸς δὲ τούτοις ἐφθάρθαι τοὺς πολλοὺς κατὰ πόλεμον·
For during these times, it happened that the better classes had no leader, but Cimon, the son of Miltiades, stood at their head, who was relatively young and had only recently entered public life; and in addition to this, many had been destroyed in war.
τῆς γὰρ στρατείας γιγνομένης ἐν τοῖς τότε χρόνοις ἐκ καταλόγου καὶ στρατηγῶν ἐφισταμένων ἀπείρων μὲν τοῦ πολεμεῖν τιμωμένων δὲ διὰ τὰς πατρικὰς δόξας, αἰξας, αἰεὶ συνέβαινεν τῶν ἐξιόντων ἀνὰ δισχιλίους ἢ τρισχιλίους ἀπόλλυσθαι, ὥστε ἀναλίσκεσθαι τοὺς ἐπιεικεῖς καὶ τοῦ δήμου καὶ τῶν εὐπόρων.
For since the military campaigns at that time were conducted from the muster-roll, and generals were appointed who were inexperienced in war but honored because of their fathers' reputations, it always happened that about two or three thousand of those who went out perished, so that the better men of both the people and the wealthy classes were consumed.
τὰ μὲν οὗν ἄλλα πάντα διῴκουν οὐχ ὁμοίως καὶ πρότερον τοῖς νόμοις προσέχοντες, τὴν δὲ τῶν ἐννέα ἀρχόντων αἴρεσιν οὐκ ἐκίνουν, ἀλλ᾿ ἕκτῳ ἔτει μετὰ τὸν Ἐφιάλτου θάνατον ἔγνωσαν καὶ ἐκ ζευγιτῶν προκρίνεσθαι τοὺς κληρωσομένους τῶν ἐννέα ἀρχόντων, καὶ πρῶτος ἧρξεν ἐξ αὐτῶν Μνησιθείδης.
Now, in all other matters, they administered the state while paying less attention to the laws than before, but they did not alter the election of the nine archons; rather, in the sixth year after the death of Ephialtes, they decided that the preliminary nominees for the allotment of the nine archons should also be chosen from the zeugitai, and Mnesitheides was the first of them to hold office.
οἱ δὲ πρὸ τούτου πάντες ἐξ ἱππένων καὶ πεντακοσιομεδίμνων ἧσαν, οἱ <δὲ> ζευγῖται τὰς ἐγκυκλίους ἧρχον, εἰ μή τι παρεωρᾶτο τῶν ἐν τοῖς νόμοις.
Before him, all were from the knights and the five-hundred-bushel class, while the zeugitai held only the ordinary magistracies, unless some provision in the laws was overlooked.
ἐτει δὲ πέμπτῳ μετὰ ταῦτα ἐπὶ Λυσικράτους ἄρχοντος ol Tptdxovra 6“· ασταὶ xατ-ψτησαv:άh̓́ οἱ ιΜμΛ--οι xατὰ ὀήμοον xal τρίτῳ μετὰ τοῦτον ἐπὶ Ἀντιδότου διὰ τὸ πλῆθος τῶν πολιτῶν Περικλέους εἰπόντος ἔγνωσαν μὴ μετέχειν τῆς πόλεως ὅς ἄν μὴ ἐξ ἀμφοῖν ἀστοῖν ᾖ γεγονώς.
In the fifth year after this, in the archonship of Lysicrates, the thirty judges, namely those called 'by demes', were established again; and in the third year after him, in the archonship of Antidotus, on account of the large number of citizens, they decided on the proposal of Pericles that no one should share in the citizenship who was not born of two citizen parents.
XXVII.
§27XXVII. μετὰ δὲ ταῦτα πρὸς τὸ δημαγωγεῖν ἐλθόντος Περικλέους καὶ πρῶτον εὐδοκιμήσαντος ὃτε κατηγόρησε τὰς εὐδύνας Κίμωνος στρατηγοῦντος νέος ὤη δημοτικωτέραν ἒτι συνέβη γενέσθαι τὴν πολιτείαν·
After this, when Pericles came to the leadership of the people, having first won a high reputation when, as a young man, he prosecuted the accounts of Cimon while the latter was serving as general, it happened that the constitution became still more democratic.
καὶ γὰρ τῶν Ἀρεοπαγιτῶν ἒνια παρείλετο εαὶ μάλιστα προύτρεψεν τὴν πόλιν ἐπὶ τὴν ναυτικὴν δύναμιν, ἐξ ἦς συνέβη δαρρήσαντας τοὺς πολλοὺς ἃπασαν τὴν πολιτείαν μᾶλλον ἂγειν εἰς αὑτους.
For he deprived the Areopagites of some of their functions and particularly urged the city toward maritime power, as a result of which the multitude grew confident and took the entire government more into their own hands.
μετὰ δὲ τὴν ἐν Σαλαμῖνι ναυμαχίαν ἑνὸς δεῖ πεντηκοστῷ ἒτει ἐπὶ Πυθοδώρου ἂρχοντος ὃ προὸς Πελοποννηδίους ἐνέστη πόλεμος, ἐν ᾦ κατακλειδθεὶς ὁ δῆμος ἐν τῷ ἂστει καὶ συνεθισθεὶς ἐν ταῖς στρατείαις μισθοφορεῖν, τὰ μὲν ἑκὼν τὰ δὲ ἂκων προῃρεῖτο τὴν πολιτείαν διοικεῖν αὐτός.
In the forty-ninth year after the naval battle at Salamis, in the archonship of Pythodorus, the war against the Peloponnesians broke out, during which the people, shut up in the city and accustomed to receiving pay on military service, chose, partly voluntarily and partly involuntarily, to administer the state themselves.
ἐποίησε δὲ καὶ μισθοφόρα τὰ δικαστήρια Πςρικλῆς πρῶτος, ἀντιδημαγωγῶν πρὸς τὴν Κίμωνος εὐπορίαν.
Pericles was also the first to make the law-courts paid, competing for popularity against the wealth of Cimon.
ὁ γὰρ Κίμων, ἃτε τυραννικὴν ἒχων οὐσίαν, πρῶτον μὲν τὰς κοινὰς λῃτουργίας ἐλῃτούργει λαμπρῶς, ἒπειτα τῶν δημοτῶν ετρεφε πολλούς· ἐξῆν γὰρ τῷ βουλομένῳ Λακιαδῶν καθ’ ἑκάστην τὴν ἡμέραν ἑλθόντι παρ’ αὐτὸν ἒχειν τὰ μέτρια, ἒτι δὲ τὰ χωρία πάντα ἂφφακτα ἦν, ὃπως ἐξῇ τῷ βουλομένῳ τῆς ὀπώρας ἀπολαύειν.
For Cimon, possessing a princely fortune, first performed the public liturgies magnificently, and then maintained many of his demesmen; for it was open to anyone of the Laciadae who wished to come to him every day to have his moderate needs supplied, and furthermore all his estates were unfenced so that anyone who wished could enjoy the autumn fruits.
πρὸς δὴ ταύτην τὴν χορηγίαν ἐπιλειπόμενος ὁ Περικλῆς τῇ οὐσίᾳ, συμβουλεύσαντος αὐτῷ Δκμωνίδου τοῦ Οἲηθεν ὃς ἐδόκει τῶν πολλῶν εἰσηγητὴς εἶναι τῷ Περικλεῖ· διὸ καὶ ὠστράκισαν αὐτὸν ὓστερον), ἐπεὶ τοῖς ἰδίοις ἡττᾶτο, διδόναι τοῖς πολλοῖς τὰ αὑτῶν, κατεσκεύασε μισθοφορὰν τοῖς δικασταῖς·
Since Pericles was surpassed in property in comparison with this bounty, Damonides of Oa (who was thought to be Pericles' advisor in many things, wherefore they later ostracized him) advised him, since he was defeated in private means, to give the multitude their own; wherefore Pericles instituted pay for the judges.
ἀφ’ ὦν αἰτιῶνταί τινες χείρω γενέσθαι, κληρουμένων ἐπιμελῶς ἀεὶ μᾶλλον τῶν τυχόντων ἢ τῶν ἐπιεκῶν ἀνθρώπων.
For this reason, some accuse the courts of having become worse, since ordinary people always draw lots more eagerly than the better sort of men.
ἢρξατο δὲ μετὰ ταῦτα καὶ τὸ δεκάζειν, πρώτου κατασείξαντος Ἀνύτου μετὰ τὴν ἐν Πύλῳ στρατηλίαν. κρινόμενος γὰρ ὑπό τινων διὰ τὸ ἀποβαλεῖν Πύλον, δεκάσας τὸ δικστὴριον ἀπέφυγεν.
After this, bribery also began, Anytus having first introduced it after his command at Pylos; for when he was prosecuted by certain persons for having lost Pylos, he escaped by bribing the court.