Humanitext Reader

Aeschylus · The Persians §226-322

Arrival of the Messenger and News of the Defeat at Salamis

Passage 3 of 10 · Greek

Summary

After Atossa and the Chorus exchange words about the situation of Athens, a messenger arrives from the battlefield to report the total destruction of the Persian forces at the Battle of Salamis and lists the fallen commanders.

§226ἀλλὰ μὴν εὔνους γ᾽ ὁ πρῶτος τῶνδ᾽ ἐνυπνίων κριτὴς §227παιδὶ καὶ δόμοις ἐμοῖσι τήνδ᾽ ἐκύρωσας φάτιν.
[Atossa] But indeed, as the first interpreter of these dreams, with a well-meaning mind towards my child and my house, you have confirmed this word.
§228ἐκτελοῖτο δὴ τὰ χρηστά: ταῦτα δ᾽, ὡς ἐφίεσαι, §229πάντα θήσομεν θεοῖσι τοῖς τ᾽ ἔνερθε γῆς φίλοις, §230εὖτ᾽ ἂν εἰς οἴκους μόλωμεν.
May the good things indeed be fulfilled; and all these things, as you instruct, we will perform for the gods and those dear ones beneath the earth, when we go into the palace.
κεῖνο δ᾽ ἐκμαθεῖν θέλω, §231ὦ φίλοι, ποῦ τὰς Ἀθήνας φασὶν ἱδρῦσθαι χθονός.
But that I wish to learn, O friends: where on earth do they say Athens is situated?
§232τῆλε πρὸς δυσμαῖς ἄνακτος Ἡλίου φθινασμάτων.
[Chorus] Far off, towards the west, at the settings of the lord Sun.
§233ἀλλὰ μὴν ἵμειρ᾽ ἐμὸς παῖς τήνδε θηρᾶσαι πόλιν;
[Atossa] But did my son indeed desire to hunt down this city?
§234πᾶσα γὰρ γένοιτ᾽ ἂν Ἑλλὰς βασιλέως ὑπήκοος.
[Chorus] Yes, for then all Hellas would become subject to the King.
§235ὧδέ τις πάρεστιν αὐτοῖς ἀνδροπλήθεια στρατοῦ;
[Atossa] Is there such a multitude of men in their army?
§236καὶ στρατὸς τοιοῦτος, ἔρξας πολλὰ δὴ Μήδους κακά.
[Chorus] Indeed, and such an army as has wrought many evils to the Medes.
§237καὶ τί πρὸς τούτοισιν ἄλλο;
[Atossa] And what else besides this?
πλοῦτος ἐξαρκὴς δόμοις;
Have they sufficient wealth in their houses?
§238ἀργύρου πηγή τις αὐτοῖς ἐστι, θησαυρὸς χθονός.
[Chorus] They have a certain spring of silver, a treasure of the earth.
§239πότερα γὰρ τοξουλκὸς αἰχμὴ διὰ χερῶν αὐτοῖς πρέπει;
[Atossa] Is it the bow-stretching shaft that is prominent in their hands?
§240οὐδαμῶς: ἔγχη σταδαῖα καὶ φεράσπιδες σαγαί.
[Chorus] Not at all: close-fighting spears and shield-bearing armor.
§241τίς δὲ ποιμάνωρ ἔπεστι κἀπιδεσπόζει στρατῷ;
[Atossa] And who is the shepherd who is over them and lords it over the army?
§242οὔτινος δοῦλοι κέκληνται φωτὸς οὐδ᾽ ὑπήκοοι.
[Chorus] They are called the slaves or subjects of no man.
§243πῶς ἂν οὖν μένοιεν ἄνδρας πολεμίους ἐπήλυδας;
[Atossa] How then could they withstand invading enemy men?
§244ὥστε Δαρείου πολύν τε καὶ καλὸν φθεῖραι στρατόν.
[Chorus] So as to destroy Darius's great and noble army.
§245δεινά τοι λέγεις κιόντων τοῖς τεκοῦσι φροντίσαι.
[Atossa] Terrible things indeed you say for the parents of those who are gone to ponder.
§246ἀλλ᾽ ἐμοὶ δοκεῖν τάχ᾽ εἴσει πάντα ναμερτῆ λόγον.
[Chorus] But in my opinion you will soon know the whole true story.
§247τοῦδε γὰρ δράμημα φωτὸς Περσικὸν πρέπει μαθεῖν, §248καὶ φέρει σαφές τι πρᾶγος ἐσθλὸν ἢ κακὸν κλύειν.
For the running of this man is clearly Persian to learn, and he brings a clear report, good or bad to hear.
§249ὦ γῆς ἁπάσης Ἀσιάδος πολίσματα,
[Messenger] O cities of all the Asian land!
§250ὦ Περσὶς αἶα καὶ μέγας πλούτου λιμήν,
O Persian land and great haven of wealth!
§251ὡς ἐν μιᾷ πληγῇ κατέφθαρται πολὺς §252ὄλβος, τὸ Περσῶν δ᾽ ἄνθος οἴχεται πεσόν.
How in a single blow has great prosperity been destroyed, and the flower of the Persians is fallen and gone.
§253ὤμοι, κακὸν μὲν πρῶτον ἀγγέλλειν κακά:
Ah me!
§254ὅμως δ᾽ ἀνάγκη πᾶν ἀναπτύξαι πάθος, §255Πέρσαι: στρατὸς γὰρ πᾶς ὄλωλε βαρβάρων.
It is a bad thing to be the first to report evils; yet it is necessary to unfold the whole disaster, O Persians: for the whole army of the barbarians has perished.
§256ἄνι᾽ ἄνια κακὰ §257νεόκοτα καὶ δάι᾽.
[Chorus] Grievous, grievous evils, strange and hostile.
αἰαῖ,
Alas!
§258διαίνεσθε, Πέρσαι, §259τόδ᾽ ἄχος κλύοντες.
weep, O Persians, hearing of this grief.
§260ὡς πάντα γ᾽ ἔστ᾽ ἐκεῖνα διαπεπραγμένα: §261αὐτὸς δ᾽ ἀέλπτως νόστιμον βλέπω φάος.
[Messenger] Yes, since all those things over there have been utterly destroyed; and I myself beyond expectation behold the light of return.
§262ἦ μακροβίοτος §263ὅδε γέ τις αἰὼν ἐφάνθη §264γεραιοῖς, ἀκούειν §265τόδε πῆμ᾽ ἄελπτον.
[Chorus] Truly too long-lived this life of ours has appeared to us aged ones, to hear of this unexpected calamity.
§266καὶ μὴν παρών γε κοὐ λόγους ἄλλων κλύων, §267Πέρσαι, φράσαιμ᾽ ἂν οἷ᾽ ἐπορσύνθη κακά.
[Messenger] And indeed, being present myself and not hearing the words of others, O Persians, I can tell what evils were brought about.
§268ὀτοτοτοῖ, μάταν
[Chorus] Otototoi!
§269τὰ πολέα βέλεα παμμιγῆ §270γᾶσδ᾽ ἀπ᾽ Ἀσίδος ἦλθεν αἴας §271δᾴαν Ἑλλάδα χώραν.
In vain did the many weapons of all kinds go from this Asian land to the hostile land of Hellas.
§272πλήθουσι νεκρῶν δυσπότμως ἐφθαρμένων §273Σαλαμῖνος ἀκταὶ πᾶς τε πρόσχωρος τόπος.
[Messenger] Full of corpses miserably destroyed are the shores of Salamis and all the neighboring place.
§274ὀτοτοτοῖ, φίλων
[Chorus] Otototoi!
§275ἁλίδονα μέλεα πολυβαφῆ §276κατθανόντα λέγεις φέρεσθαι §277†πλαγκτοῖς ἐν διπλάκεσσιν.
Of our friends, the sea-tossed, much-dyed bodies dead, you say are carried †drifted in double-folding cloaks†.
§278οὐδὲν γὰρ ἤρκει τόξα, πᾶς δ᾽ ἀπώλλυτο §279στρατὸς δαμασθεὶς ναΐοισιν ἐμβολαῖς
[Messenger] For the bows availed nothing, and the whole army perished, subdued by the rams of the ships.
§280ἴυζ᾽ ἄποτμον Πέρσαις §281δυσαιανῆ βοὰν §282δᾴος, ὡς πάντα παγκάκως §283ἤνυσαν, αἰαῖ, στρατοῦ φθαρέντος.
[Chorus] Shriek a luckless and mournful cry for the foe, since all things in utter misery they have finished, alas, now that the army is destroyed.
§284ὦ πλεῖστον ἔχθος ὄνομα Σαλαμῖνος κλύειν:
[Messenger] O name of Salamis, most hateful to hear!
§285φεῦ, τῶν Ἀθηνῶν ὡς στένω μεμνημένος.
Alas, how I groan when I remember Athens!
§286στυγναί γ᾽ Ἀθᾶναι δᾴοις:
[Chorus] Hateful indeed is Athens to her foes!
§287μεμνῆσθαί τοι πάρα §288ὡς πολλὰς Περσίδων μάταν §289εὔνιδας ἔκτισσαν ἠδ᾽ ἀνάνδρους.
Indeed, we may well remember how many of the Persian women in vain they made childless and widowed.
§290σιγῶ πάλαι δύστηνος ἐκπεπληγμένη §291κακοῖς: ὑπερβάλλει γὰρ ἥδε συμφορά, §292τὸ μήτε λέξαι μήτ᾽ ἐρωτῆσαι πάθη.
[Atossa] I have been silent long, miserable, struck dumb by evils; for this calamity is overwhelming, so that one can neither speak nor ask of the sufferings.
§293ὅμως δ᾽ ἀνάγκη πημονὰς βροτοῖς φέρειν §294θεῶν διδόντων: πᾶν δ᾽ ἀναπτύξας πάθος
Yet it is necessary for mortals to bear sufferings when the gods give them.
§295λέξον καταστάς, κεἰ στένεις κακοῖς ὅμως, §296τίς οὐ τέθνηκε, τίνα δὲ καὶ πενθήσομεν §297τῶν ἀρχελείων, ὅστ᾽ ἐπὶ σκηπτουχίᾳ §298ταχθεὶς ἄνανδρον τάξιν ἠρήμου θανών.
Unfolding the whole disaster, speak, composing yourself, even though you groan at the evils; who is not dead, and whom of the leaders are we to mourn, who, appointed to a staff of command, by his death left his leaderless post empty?
§299Ξέρξης μὲν αὐτὸς ζῇ τε καὶ βλέπει φάος.
[Messenger] Xerxes himself lives and beholds the light.
§300ἐμοῖς μὲν εἶπας δώμασιν φάος μέγα §301καὶ λευκὸν ἦμαρ νυκτὸς ἐκ μελαγχίμου.
[Atossa] To my house indeed you have spoken of a great light, and a bright day out of a dark night.
§302Ἀρτεμβάρης δὲ μυρίας ἵππου βραβεὺς §303στύφλους παρ᾽ ἀκτὰς θείνεται Σιληνιῶν.
[Messenger] But Artembares, commander of ten thousand horse, is being beaten against the rugged shores of the Sileniae.
§304χὠ χιλίαρχος Δαδάκης πληγῇ δορὸς §305πήδημα κοῦφον ἐκ νεὼς ἀφήλατο:
And Dadakes the chiliarch, struck by a spear, leaped with a light bound from his ship.
§306Τενάγων τ᾽ ἀριστεὺς Βακτρίων ἰθαγενὴς §307θαλασσόπληκτον νῆσον Αἴαντος πολεῖ.
And Tenagon, the finest of the true-born Bactrians, haunts the sea-beaten island of Ajax.
§308Λίλαιος, Ἀρσάμης τε κἀργήστης τρίτος, §309οἵδ᾽ ἀμφὶ νῆσον τὴν πελειοθρέμμονα §310δινούμενοι κύρισσον ἰσχυρὰν χθόνα:
Lilaeus, and Arsames, and third, Argestes, these around the island that breeds doves drifting, kept striking the hard shore.
§311πηγαῖς τε Νείλου γειτονῶν Αἰγυπτίου §312Ἀρκτεύς, Ἀδεύης, καὶ Φερεσσάκης τρίτος, §313Φαρνοῦχος, οἵδε ναὸς ἐκ μιᾶς πέσον.
And Arcteus, who lived near the sources of Egyptian Nile, Adeues, and third, Pheressaces, and Pharnuchus, these fell from a single ship.
§314Χρυσεὺς Μάταλλος μυριόνταρχος θανών, §315ἵππου μελαίνης ἡγεμὼν τρισμυρίας, §316πυρσὴν ζαπληθῆ δάσκιον γενειάδα §317ἔτεγγ᾽, ἀμείβων χρῶτα πορφυρᾷ βαφῇ.
And golden Matallus, commander of ten thousand, dying, leader of thirty thousand black horse, stained his thick shaggy red beard, changing his color with a purple dye.
§318καὶ Μᾶγος Ἄραβος, Ἀρτάβης τε Βάκτριος, §319σκληρᾶς μέτοικος γῆς, ἐκεῖ κατέφθιτο.
And Magus the Arabian, and Artabes the Bactrian, settler in a rugged land, there perished.
§320Ἄμιστρις Ἀμφιστρεύς τε πολύπονον δόρυ §321νωμῶν, ὅ τ᾽ ἐσθλὸς Ἀριόμαρδος Σάρδεσι §322πένθος παρασχών, Σεισάμης θ᾽ ὁ Μύσιος,
Amistris, and Amphistreus who wielded a spear of much toil, and noble Ariomardus, who brought grief to Sardis, and Seisames the Mysian,

Notes

  1. §231χθονός — Used in conjunction with the adverb of place `ποῦ` (where) as a partitive genitive, meaning 'where on earth'.
  2. §244ὥστε — Constructed with `ὥστε` + infinitive (`φθεῖραι`) to express a result, meaning 'so as to destroy'.
  3. §245κιόντων — The present participle genitive plural of the verb `κίω` (to go, depart), used substantively here to mean 'those who have departed (on the expedition)', modifying `τοῖς τεκοῦσι` (the parents).
  4. §277πλαγκτοῖς ἐν διπλάκεσσιν — A passage marked with daggers (†) indicating corruption in the manuscript tradition. While `διπλάκεσσιν` typically means 'double-folded cloaks', interpretations vary between the dead drifting 'shrouded in wandering cloaks' or 'between clashing rocks/reefs'.
  5. §298ἄνανδρον τάξιν — The polysemous adjective `ἄνανδρος` (without men, husbandless, leaderless) is used here to describe how the death of the general left the army division 'leaderless' (deprived of its commanding man).

Cite this passage

Aeschylus, The Persians §226-322. Humanitext Reader, https://reader.humanitext.ai/en/text/urn:cts:greekLit:tlg0085.tlg002.humanitext-grc1:226-322

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