§1πολλὴν χάριν ἦν εἰδέναι τῷ καθʼ ἡμᾶς χρόνῳ δίκαιον, ὦ κράτιστε Ἀμμαῖε, καὶ ἄλλων μέν τινων ἐπιτηδευμάτων ἕνεκα νῦν κάλλιον ἀσκουμένων ἢ πρότερον, οὐχ ἥκιστα δὲ τῆς περὶ τοὺς πολιτικοὺς λόγους ἐπιμελείας οὐ μικρὰν ἐπίδοσιν πεποιημένης ἐπὶ τὰ κρείττω.
It was indeed just to feel great gratitude to our own time, most excellent Ammaeus, both because of certain other pursuits being practiced now more beautifully than before, and not least because the care concerning political oratory has made no small progress towards the better.
ἐν γὰρ δὴ τοῖς πρὸ ἡμῶν χρόνοις ἡ μὲν ἀρχαία καὶ φιλόσοφος ῥητορικὴ προπηλακιζομένη καὶ δεινὰς ὕβρεις ὑπομένουσα κατελύετο, ἀρξαμένη μὲν ἀπὸ τῆς Ἀλεξάνδρου τοῦ Μακεδόνος τελευτῆς ἐκπνεῖν καὶ μαραίνεσθαι κατʼ ὀλίγον, ἐπὶ δὲ τῆς καθʼ ἡμᾶς ἡλικίας μικροῦ δεήσασα εἰς τέλος ἠφανίσθαι· ἑτέρα δέ τις ἐπὶ τὴν ἐκείνης παρελθοῦσα τάξιν, ἀφόρητος ἀναιδείᾳ θεατρικῇ καὶ ἀνάγωγος καὶ οὔτε φιλοσοφίας οὔτε ἄλλου παιδεύματος οὐδενὸς μετειληφυῖα ἐλευθερίου, λαθοῦσα καὶ παρακρουσαμένη τὴν τῶν ὄχλων ἄγνοιαν, οὐ μόνον ἐν εὐπορίᾳ καὶ τρυφῇ καὶ μορφῇ πλείονι τῆς ἑτέρας διῆγεν, ἀλλὰ καὶ τὰς τιμὰς καὶ τὰς προστασίας τῶν πόλεων, ἃς ἔδει τὴν φιλόσοφον ἔχειν, εἰς ἑαυτὴν ἀνηρτήσατο καὶ ἦν φορτική τις πάνυ καὶ ὀχληρὰ καὶ τελευτῶσα παραπλησίαν ἐποίησε γενέσθαι τὴν Ἑλλάδα ταῖς τῶν ἀσώτων καὶ κακοδαιμόνων οἰκίαις.
For indeed in the times before us, the ancient and philosophical rhetoric, being insulted and enduring terrible outrages, was being destroyed, beginning to breathe its last and to wither away by degrees from the death of Alexander the Macedonian, and in our own generation, having come within a little of being completely extinguished; whereas another [rhetoric], having stepped into her place, insupportable in her theatrical impudence and ill-bred, and having no share in philosophy or any other liberal education, having escaped notice and having deceived the ignorance of the crowds, not only lived in greater wealth and luxury and outward show than the other, but also attached to herself the honors and leaderships of the cities which the philosophical [rhetoric] ought to have had, and she was something very vulgar and offensive, and in the end made Greece become similar to the houses of the prodigal and ill-fated.
ὥσπερ γὰρ ἐν ἐκείναις ἡ μὲν ἐλευθέρα καὶ σώφρων γαμετὴ κάθηται μηδενὸς οὖσα τῶν αὑτῆς κυρία, ἑταίρα δέ τις ἄφρων ἐπʼ ὀλέθρῳ τοῦ βίου παροῦσα πάσης ἀξιοῖ τῆς οὐσίας ἄρχειν, σκυβαλίζουσα καὶ δεδιττομένη τὴν ἑτέραν· τὸν αὐτὸν τρόπον ἐν πάσῃ πόλει καὶ οὐδεμιᾶς ἧττον ἐν ταῖς εὐπαιδεύτοις (τουτὶ γὰρ ἁπάντων τῶν κακῶν ἔσχατον) ἡ μὲν Ἀττικὴ μοῦσα καὶ ἀρχαία καὶ αὐτόχθων ἄτιμον εἰλήφει σχῆμα, τῶν ἑαυτῆς ἐκπεσοῦσα ἀγαθῶν, ἡ δὲ ἔκ τινων βαράθρων τῆς Ἀσίας ἐχθὲς καὶ πρῴην ἀφικομένη, Μυσὴ ἢ Φρυγία τις ἢ Καρικόν τι κακόν, Ἑλληνίδας ἠξίου διοικεῖν πόλεις ἀπελάσασα τῶν κοινῶν τὴν ἑτέραν, ἡ ἀμαθὴς τὴν φιλόσοφον καὶ ἡ μαινομένη τὴν σώφρονα.
For just as in those [houses], the free-born and chaste wife sits [powerless], being mistress of nothing of her own, while some foolish courtesan, present for the ruin of their livelihood, claims to rule over the whole estate, treating the other with contempt and terrifying her; in the same way, in every city and not least in the well-educated ones (for this is the extreme of all evils), the Attic Muse, ancient and indigenous, had assumed a dishonored guise, having been cast out of her own privileges, whereas she who had arrived only yesterday or the day before from some abysses of Asia, some Mysian or Phrygian or some Carian pest, claimed to govern Greek cities after driving the other from public affairs—the ignorant [driving out] the philosophical, and the insane [driving out] the chaste.
§2ἀλλὰ γὰρ οὐ μόνον
ἀνδρῶν δικαίων χρόνος σωτὴρ ἄριστος
κατὰ Πίνδαρον, ἀλλὰ καὶ τεχνῶν νὴ Δία καὶ ἐπιτηδευμάτων γε καὶ παντὸς ἄλλου σπουδαίου χρήματος.
But indeed, not only is "time the best savior of just men," according to Pindar, but also, by Zeus, of arts and of pursuits and of every other worthy thing.
ἔδειξε δὲ ὁ καθʼ ἡμᾶς χρόνος, εἴτε θεῶν τινος ἄρξαντος εἴτε φυσικῆς περιόδου τὴν ἀρχαίαν τάξιν ἀνακυκλούσης εἴτε ἀνθρωπίνης ὁρμῆς ἐπὶ τὰ ὅμοια πολλοὺς ἀγούσης, καὶ ἀπέδωκε τῇ μὲν ἀρχαίᾳ καὶ σώφρονι ῥητορικῇ τὴν δικαίαν τιμήν, ἣν καὶ πρότερον εἶχε καλῶς, ἀπολαβεῖν, τῇ δὲ νέᾳ καὶ ἀνοήτῳ παύσασθαι δόξαν οὐ προσήκουσαν καρπουμένῃ καὶ ἐν ἀλλοτρίοις ἀγαθοῖς τρυφώσῃ.
And our own time has shown [this], whether some god initiated it, or a natural cycle is bringing back the ancient order, or a human impulse is leading many towards similar things, and has granted to the ancient and chaste rhetoric to recover her just honor, which she also formerly held so well, and to the new and senseless [rhetoric] to cease enjoying a reputation that does not belong to her and reveling in the goods of others.
καὶ οὐ καθʼ ἓν ἴσως τοῦτο μόνον ἐπαινεῖν τὸν παρόντα χρόνον καὶ τοὺς συμφιλοσοφοῦντας ἀνθρώπους ἄξιον, ὅτι τὰ κρείττω τιμιώτερα ποιεῖν τῶν χειρόνων ἤρξαντο (καίτοι μέρος γε τοῦ παντὸς ἥμισυ ἀρχὴ λέγεταί τε καὶ ἔστιν), ἀλλʼ ὅτι καὶ ταχεῖαν τὴν μεταβολὴν καὶ μεγάλην τὴν ἐπίδοσιν αὐτῶν παρεσκεύασε γενέσθαι.
And it is worthy to praise the present time and those who join in the study of philosophy not perhaps for this one thing alone, namely that they have begun to make better things more honored than worse ones (and yet the beginning is said to be, and is, half of the whole), but because it has also caused their change to be rapid and their progress to be great.
ἔξω γὰρ ὀλίγων τινῶν Ἀσιανῶν πόλεων, αἷς διʼ ἀμαθίαν βραδεῖά ἐστιν ἡ τῶν καλῶν μάθησις, αἱ λοιπαὶ πέπαυνται τοὺς φορτικοὺς καὶ ψυχροὺς καὶ ἀναισθήτους ἀγαπῶσαι λόγους, τῶν μὲν πρότερον μέγα ἐπʼ αὐτοῖς φρονούντων αἰδουμένων ἤδη καὶ κατὰ μικρὸν ἀπαυτομολούντων πρὸς τοὺς ἑτέρους, εἰ μή τινες παντάπασιν ἀνιάτως ἔχουσι, τῶν δὲ νεωστὶ τοῦ μαθήματος ἁπτομένων εἰς καταφρόνησιν ἀγόντων τοὺς λόγους καὶ γέλωτα ποιουμένων τὴν ἐπʼ αὐτοῖς σπουδήν.
For except for some few Asiatic cities, to which through ignorance the learning of beautiful things is slow, the rest have ceased to cherish vulgar, frigid, and senseless speeches, since those who formerly prided themselves greatly on them are now ashamed and are deserting by degrees to the other side, unless some are altogether incurably diseased, and those who have recently taken up the study are treating those [vulgar] speeches with contempt and making a laughing-stock of the zeal for them.