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Dionysius of Halicarnassus · Roman Antiquities §9.71.1-9.71.4

Defeat of the Allied Forces and Consular Triumphs

Passage 740 of 962 · Greek

Summary

The combined forces of the Volscians and Aequians, finding Rome heavily guarded, turned aside to plunder the territory of Tusculum, but were defeated by the consul Lucretius' army after fleeing from a suspected ambush. Afterwards, both consuls celebrated different types of triumphs.

§9.71.1ἀφικόμενοί τε μέχρι Τύσκλου πόλεως, μαθόντες τὸν περίβολον τῆς Ῥώμης ὅλον πληθύοντα ὅπλων, καὶ πρὸ τῶν πυλῶν τέτταρας ἐξεστρατευμένας σπείρας, ἀνδρῶν ἑξακοσίων ἑκάστην, τῆς μὲν ἐπὶ τὴν Ῥώμην ὁδοῦ ἀπετράποντο, τὴν δʼ ὑπὸ τῇ πόλει χώραν, ἣν ἐν τῇ προτέρᾳ παρέλιπον εἰσβολῇ, ἐγκαθεζόμενοι ἐδῄουν.
Having arrived as far as the city of Tusculum, and having learned that the whole circuit of Rome was full of arms, and that four cohorts, each consisting of six hundred men, were drawn up before the gates, they turned aside from the road leading to Rome, and encamping in the region below the city, which they had left untouched in their former invasion, they laid it waste.
§9.71.2ἐπιφανέντος δʼ αὐτοῖς θατέρου τῶν ὑπάτων Λευκίου Λοκρητίου καὶ θεμένου τὴν παρεμβολὴν οὐ πρόσω καλὸν ὑπολαβόντες εἶναι καιρόν, πρὶν ἐλθεῖν τῷ Λοκρητίῳ τὴν ἑτέραν Ῥωμαίων δύναμιν σύμμαχον, ἧς Οὐετούριος ἡγεῖτο, συνάψαι μάχην, θέμενοι τὰς ἀποσκευὰς ἐπὶ λόφου τινὸς καὶ δύο σπείρας ἐπʼ αὐταῖς καταλιπόντες, οἱ λοιποὶ προῆλθον εἰς τὸ πεδίον· καὶ συμβαλόντες τοῖς Ῥωμαίοις ἄνδρες ἀγαθοὶ κατὰ §9.71.3τὸν ἀγῶνα ἐγίνοντο μέχρι πολλοῦ.
But when one of the consuls, Lucius Lucretius, appeared before them and pitched his camp not far off, thinking that it was a favorable opportunity to join battle before the other Roman force under the command of Veturius should come to support Lucretius, they placed their baggage on a certain hill, and leaving two cohorts to guard it, the rest advanced into the plain; and engaging with the Romans, they showed themselves brave men in the conflict for a long time.
μαθόντες δʼ ἐκ τῶν κατὰ νώτου φρουρῶν τινες καταβαίνουσαν ὑπὲρ ὄχθου στρατιὰν ὑπέλαβον ἥκειν τὸν ἕτερον τῶν ὑπάτων ἄγοντα τὴν σὺν αὐτῷ δύναμιν, καὶ δείσαντες, μὴ κυκλωθεῖεν ὑπʼ ἀμφοῖν, οὐκέτι διέμειναν, ἀλλʼ εἰς φυγὴν τρέπονται.
But some of them, learning from the guards in their rear that an army was descending over the hill, supposed that the other consul had arrived leading his own force; and fearing lest they should be surrounded by both, they no longer stood their ground, but turned to flight.
ἐν τούτῳ τῷ ἀγῶνι οἵ θʼ ἡγεμόνες αὐτῶν ἀμφότεροι γενναίων ἀνδρῶν ἔργα ἀποδειξάμενοι πίπτουσι, καὶ ἄλλοι πολλοὶ μαχόμενοι περὶ αὐτοὺς ἀγαθοί· οἱ δὲ φυγόντες ἐκ τῆς μάχης εἰς τὰς ἑαυτῶν ἕκαστοι πατρίδας σκεδασθέντες ἀνεχώρησαν.
In this battle, both of their commanders fell after displaying the deeds of brave men, and many other brave men fighting around them also fell; those who escaped from the battle dispersed and retreated each to their own homeland.
§9.71.4ἐκ δὲ τούτου πολλὴν ἄδειαν λαβὼν ὁ Λοκρήτιος ἔφθειρε τὴν Αἰκανῶν γῆν, καὶ Οὐετούριος τὴν Οὐολούσκων, ἕως ὁ τῶν ἀρχαιρεσίων ἐπέστη καιρός.
After this, Lucretius, having obtained great security, laid waste the land of the Aequians, and Veturius that of the Volscians, until the time for the elections arrived.
τότε δʼ ἀναστήσαντες τὰς δυνάμεις ἀπῆγον ἐπʼ οἴκου καὶ κατήγαγον ἀμφότεροι τοὺς ἐπινικίους θριάμβους· Λοκρήτιος μέν, ἐπὶ τοῦ τεθρίππου παρεμβεβηκώς, Οὐετούριος δὲ πεζὸς εἰσελαύνων.
Then, withdrawing their forces, they led them home, and both celebrated triumphal processions; Lucretius entering riding on a chariot drawn by four horses, and Veturius entering on foot.
δύο γὰρ οὗτοι θρίαμβοι δίδονται τοῖς ἡγεμόσιν ὑπὸ τῆς βουλῆς, ὥσπερ ἔφην, τὰ μὲν ἄλλα ἔχοντες ἴσα, τῷ δὲ τὸν μὲν ἱππικὸν εἶναι, τὸν δὲ πεζικόν, διαφέροντες.
For these two kinds of triumphs are granted to commanders by the senate, as I have said, being equal in all other respects, but differing in this, that the one is on horseback, and the other on foot.

Notes

  1. 9.71.2πρὶν ἐλθεῖν — The accusative phrase `τὴν ἑτέραν Ῥωμαίων δύναμιν σύμμαχον` serves as the subject of the infinitive `ἐλθεῖν` introduced by the conjunction `πρίν`. This clause modifies the main idea that it was a favorable time to join battle (`καλὸν εἶναι καιρόν ... συνάψαι μάχην`).
  2. 9.71.3μαθόντες δʼ ἐκ τῶν κατὰ νώτου φρουρῶν τινες — The nominative pronoun `τινες` acts as the subject, agreeing with the participle `μαθόντες`. The prepositional phrase `ἐκ τῶν κατὰ νώτου φρουρῶν` indicates the source of their knowledge, while the object of the mental perception is expressed by the accusative and participle construction `καταβαίνουσαν ... στρατιὰν`.
  3. 9.71.4τῷ δὲ τὸν μὲν ἱππικὸν εἶναι — The articular infinitive in the dative `τῷ ... εἶναι` expresses the respect or manner ("in that...") modifying the participle `διαφέροντες` ("differing"). The accusatives `τὸν μέν` and `τὸν δέ` function as the logical subjects of the infinitive `εἶναι`.

Cite this passage

Dionysius of Halicarnassus, Roman Antiquities §9.71.1-9.71.4. Humanitext Reader, https://reader.humanitext.ai/en/text/urn:cts:greekLit:tlg0081.tlg001.humanitext-grc2:9.71.1-9.71.4

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