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Dionysius of Halicarnassus · Roman Antiquities §9.63.1-9.63.6

Dispatch of Relief Forces and Death of Publius Furius

Passage 732 of 962 · Greek

Summary

At the request of the consul Furius, the Roman senate decides to dispatch a relief force led by Quinctius. During a fierce battle with the Aequians, the consul's brother Publius Furius advances too far, is encircled, and dies along with his men after refusing to surrender.

§9.63.1ὁ δʼ ὕπατος ἐνθυμούμενος, ὅτι οὐκ ἀξιόμαχος ἔσται ἡ σὺν αὐτῷ δύναμις ἀγωνιζομένη πρὸς ἀμφότερα τὰ ἔθνη, πέμπει τινὰς ἐκ τῶν ἱππέων γράμματα εἰς τὴν Ῥώμην κομίζοντας, διʼ ὧν ἠξίου ταχεῖαν αὐτοῖς ἐλθεῖν ἐπικουρίαν, ὡς κινδυνευούσης ὅλης διαφθαρῆναι τῆς σὺν αὐτῷ στρατιᾶς.
But the consul, reflecting that the force with him would not be a match for both nations if it came to an engagement, sent some of the cavalry carrying letters to Rome, through which he requested that a rapid reinforcement should come to them, since there was danger of the whole army with him being destroyed.
§9.63.2ταῦτʼ ἐπιλεξάμενος ὁ συνύπατος αὐτοῦ Ποστόμιος — ἦσαν δὲ μέσαι νύκτες μάλιστα, ὅτε οἱ ἱππεῖς ἀφίκοντο — διὰ κηρύκων πολλῶν τοὺς βουλευτὰς ἐκ τῶν οἰκιῶν συνεκάλει·
Having read this, his colleague Postumius—it was about midnight when the cavalry arrived—summoned the senators from their homes by means of many heralds.
καὶ γίνεται δόγμα βουλῆς, πρὶν ἡμέραν λαμπρὰν γενέσθαι, Τῖτον μὲν Κοίντιον τὸν ὑπατεύσαντα τὸ τρίτον, ἔχοντα τοὺς ἀκμαιοτάτους τῶν νέων πεζούς τε καὶ ἱππεῖς, ἀρχῇ κοσμηθέντα ἀνθυπάτῳ χωρεῖν ἐπὶ τοὺς πολεμίους ἐξ ἐφόδου· Αὖλον δὲ Ποστόμιον τὸν ἕτερον τῶν ὑπάτων τὰς λοιπὰς δυνάμεις συναγαγόντα, ἃς ἔδει χρονιώτερον συνελθεῖν, ὡς ἂν αὐτῷ τάχους ἐγγένηται βοηθεῖν.
And a decree of the senate was passed before clear day broke: that Titus Quinctius, who had been consul for the third time, taking the most vigorous of the young men, both infantry and cavalry, and being invested with proconsular authority, should march against the enemy immediately; and that Aulus Postumius, the other consul, having assembled the remaining forces which required more time to gather, should hasten to bring assistance as quickly as possible.
ἡμέρα δʼ ἤδη. §9.63.3διέφωσκε, καὶ ὁ Κοίντιος συνήγαγε τοὺς ἐθελοντὰς πεντακισχιλίους μάλιστʼ ἄνδρας· καὶ οὐ πολὺ ἐπισχὼν ἐξῆγεν ἐκ τῆς πόλεως.
And already day was dawning, and Quinctius assembled about five thousand volunteers and, without waiting long, led them out of the city.
τοῦθʼ ὑποπτεύσαντες ἔμενον οἱ Αἰκανοὶ καὶ πρὶν ἐλθεῖν ἐπικουρίαν τοῖς Ῥωμαίοις προσβάλλειν τῷ χάρακι αὐτῶν καὶ διανοηθέντες ὡς βίᾳ καὶ πλήθει ἁλωσόμενον ἐξῆλθον ἀθρόοι διχῇ νείμαντες αὑτούς.
Anticipating this, the Aequians were waiting to attack their camp before reinforcement could arrive for the Romans, and thinking that it would be captured by force and numbers, they went out in a body, having divided themselves into two parts.
§9.63.4γίνεταί τε μέγας ἀγὼν διʼ ὅλης τῆς ἡμέρας ἰταμῶς αὐτῶν ἐπιβαινόντων τοῖς προτειχίσμασι κατὰ πολλὰ μέρη, καὶ οὔτε παλτῶν οὔτε βελῶν ὑπὸ τοξοτῶν οὔτε χερμάδων ἀπὸ σφενδόνης ἀφιεμένων ἀδιαλείπτοις βολαῖς ἀνειργομένων.
And a great battle took place throughout the whole day, as they boldly mounted the outworks in many places, and were not checked even though javelins, arrows from archers, and stones from slings were discharged in uninterrupted volleys.
ἔνθα δὴ παρακελευσάμενοι ἀλλήλοις ὅ τε ὕπατος καὶ ὁ πρεσβευτὴς ὑφʼ ἕνα καιρὸν ἀναπετάσαντες τὰς πύλας, ἅμα τοῖς ἀκμαιοτάτοις ἐκτρέχουσιν ἐπὶ τοὺς πολεμίους, κατʼ ἄμφω τε τὰ μέρη τῆς προσβολῆς συρράξαντες αὐτοῖς ἀποτρέπουσι τοὺς ἐπιβαίνοντας τῷ χάρακι.
Thereupon, the consul and the lieutenant, having encouraged one another, threw open the gates at the same moment, and ran out against the enemy with the most vigorous men; and clashing with them at both points of the attack, they repulsed those who were mounting the rampart.
τροπῆς δὲ γενομένης ὁ μὲν ὕπατος ἐπʼ ὀλίγον διώξας τοὺς καθʼ ἑαυτὸν ἀνέστρεψεν·
When a rout took place, the consul, having pursued those opposed to him for a short distance, returned.
§9.63.5ὁ δʼ ἀδελφὸς αὐτοῦ καὶ πρεσβευτὴς Πόπλιος Φούριος ὑπὸ λήματός τε καὶ προθυμίας φερόμενος ἄχρι τῆς παρεμβολῆς τῶν πολεμίων ἤλασε διώκων τε καὶ κτείνων.
But his brother and lieutenant, Publius Furius, ¦1924 carried away by courage and eagerness, advanced as far as the enemy's camp, pursuing and slaying.
ἦσαν δὲ δύο σπεῖραι περὶ αὐτὸν οὐ πλείους ἀνδρῶν ἔχουσαι χιλίων.
There were around him two cohorts containing no more than a thousand men.
τοῦτο μαθόντες οἱ πολέμιοι περὶ πεντακισχιλίους μάλιστα γενόμενοι, χωροῦσιν ἐπʼ αὐτὸν ἐκ τοῦ χάρακος· καὶ οὗτοι μὲν ἐξ ἐναντίας προσῄεσαν, ἱππεῖς δʼ αὐτῶν κύκλῳ περιελάσαντες κατὰ §9.63.6νώτου τοῖς Ῥωμαίοις ἐφίστανται.
Learning this, the enemy, having become about five thousand in number, moved against him from their camp; and while these advanced from the front, their cavalry, riding around, stood at the rear of the Romans.
τούτῳ δὴ τῷ τρόπῳ κυκλωθέντες ὑπʼ αὐτῶν οἱ σὺν τῷ Ποπλίῳ καὶ δίχα τῶν σφετέρων ἀποληφθέντες, ἐξὸν αὐτοῖς σώζεσθαι παραδοῦσι τὰ ὅπλα· προὐκαλοῦντο γὰρ αὐτοὺς εἰς τοῦτο οἱ πολέμιοι καὶ περὶ πολλοῦ ἐποιοῦντο χιλίους Ῥωμαίων τοὺς ἀρίστους αἰχμαλώτους λαβεῖν, ὡς διὰ τούτων διαλύσεις εὑρησόμενοι καλὰς τοῦ πολέμου· καταφρονήσαντες αὐτῶν καὶ παρακελευσάμενοι ἀλλήλοις μηδὲν ἀνάξιον πρᾶξαι τῆς πόλεως, μαχόμενοι καὶ πολλοὺς ἀποκτείναντες τῶν πολεμίων ἅπαντες ἀποθνήσκουσιν.
Encircled in this manner by them and cut off from their own men, those with Publius—although it was possible for them to save themselves by surrendering their arms, for the enemy invited them to do this and made much of taking a thousand of the best Romans as prisoners, intending to obtain honorable terms for ending the war through them—despising them and encouraging one another to do nothing unworthy of the city, died to a man, fighting and slaying many of the enemy.

Notes

  1. 9.63.1ὡς κινδυνευούσης — Genitive absolute with the conjunction `ὡς` and the present participle feminine genitive singular `κινδυνευούσης` (agreeing with `στρατιᾶς`), representing a subjective reason ("on the ground that...", "since there was danger").
  2. 9.63.2Αὖλον δὲ Ποστόμιον — The second part of the infinitive construction following `δόγμα βουλῆς`. The main verb (in the infinitive) for the accusative subject `Αὖλον δὲ Ποστόμιον` with the participle `συναγαγόντα` is omitted, with the sense of the preceding `χωρεῖν` or `βοηθεῖν` understood from the context.
  3. 9.63.3ὡς βίᾳ καὶ πλήθει ἁλωσόμενον — Accusative absolute construction with `ὡς` and the future passive participle neuter singular `ἁλωσόμενον`, functioning impersonally ("thinking that the camp would be captured by force and numbers").
  4. 9.63.4οὔτε παλτῶν οὔτε βελῶν ... ἀνειργομένων — The genitive plural present passive participle `ἀνειργομένων` (from `ἀνείργω`, "to hold back/check") agrees with `αὐτῶν` (the enemy), the subject of the genitive absolute at the beginning of the sentence, meaning "without being held back (even by these attacks)".
  5. 9.63.6ἐξὸν αὐτοῖς σώζεσθαι — Accusative absolute of the neuter present participle `ἐξόν` from the impersonal verb `ἔξεστι`, expressing concession ("although it was possible for them to..."). The participle `παραδοῦσι` agrees with `αὐτοῖς`.

Cite this passage

Dionysius of Halicarnassus, Roman Antiquities §9.63.1-9.63.6. Humanitext Reader, https://reader.humanitext.ai/en/text/urn:cts:greekLit:tlg0081.tlg001.humanitext-grc2:9.63.1-9.63.6

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