§8.73.1ὡς δʼ οὐδὲν ἐγίνετο πέρας, δείσαντες οἱ πατρίκιοι, μὴ ψήφων θʼ ἁρπαγαὶ καὶ χειρῶν ἐπιβολαὶ γένωνται καὶ ἄλλα, ὅσα φιλεῖ βίαια συμβαίνειν ἐν ταῖς στασιαζούσαις ἐκκλησίαις εἰσφερομένου τοῦ νόμου, συνῆλθον εἰς τὸ συνέδριον ὡς ὑπὲρ ἁπάντων ἅπαξ βουλευσόμενοι.
As no conclusion was reached, the patricians, fearing lest there should be seizures of the votes and laying on of hands, and other acts of violence such as are wont to happen in tumultuous assemblies when a law is proposed, assembled in the senate-chamber to deliberate once for all on all matters.
§8.73.2Ἄππιος μὲν οὖν πρῶτος ἐρωτηθεὶς γνώμην οὐκ εἴα συγχωρεῖν τῷ δήμῳ τὴν διανομὴν διδάσκων, ὡς χαλεπὸς ἔσται καὶ ἀλυσιτελὴς σύνοικος ὄχλος ἀργὸς ἐθισθεὶς τὰ δημόσια λιχνεύειν, καὶ οὐθὲν ἐάσει ποτὲ τῶν κοινῶν οὔτε κτημάτων οὔτε χρημάτων ἔτι κοινὸν μένειν·
Appius, therefore, being the first to be asked his opinion, would not allow them to grant the distribution to the people, showing that an idle multitude, accustomed to devour the public property, would be a troublesome and unprofitable housemate, and would never again permit any of the common possessions, whether lands or money, to remain common.
αἰσχύνης τʼ ἄξιον πρᾶγμα εἶναι λέγων, εἰ Κασσίου κατηγοροῦντες ὡς πονηρὰ καὶ ἀσύμφορα πολιτευομένου καὶ τὸν δῆμον διαφθείροντος, ἔπειτʼ αὐτοὶ κοινῇ γνώμῃ ταῦτʼ ἐπικυρώσουσιν ὡς δίκαια καὶ συμφέροντα· ἐνθυμεῖσθαί τʼ αὐτοὺς ἀξιῶν, ὡς οὐδʼ ἡ χάρις ἡ παρὰ τῶν πενήτων, εἰ τὰ κοινὰ διανείμαιντο τοῖς συγχωρήσασι καὶ ἐπιψηφισαμένοις, ὑπάρξει, ἀλλʼ ἑνὶ τῷ προθέντι τὴν γνώμην Κασσίῳ καὶ δόξαντι ἠναγκακέναι τὴν βουλὴν ἄκουσαν ἐπικυρῶσαι.
He said it was a shameful thing if, after accusing Cassius of administering the state badly and unprofitably and of corrupting the people, they themselves should then by common consent ratify these measures as just and advantageous; and he demanded that they reflect that not even the gratitude of the poor, if they should divide the common property, would belong to those who conceded and voted for it, but solely to Cassius, who proposed the measure and was thought to have forced the senate to ratify it against its will.
§8.73.3προειπὼν δὴ ταῦτα καὶ παραπλήσια τούτοις ἕτερα τελευτῶν τάδε συνεβούλευσεν· ἄνδρας ἐκ τῶν ἐντιμοτάτων βουλευτῶν ἑλέσθαι δέκα, οἵτινες ἐπελθόντες τὴν δημοσίαν γῆν ἀφοριοῦσι, καὶ εἴ τινα ἐξ αὐτῆς κλέπτοντες ἢ βιαζόμενοί τινες ἰδιῶται κατανέμουσιν ἢ ἐπεργάζονται διαγνόντες ἀποδώσουσι τῷ δημοσίῳ.
Having said this and other things of a similar nature beforehand, he finally advised as follows: to choose ten men from among the most distinguished senators, who should go over the public land and define its boundaries, and if any private persons, stealing or taking possession by force, were occupying or cultivating any part of it, they should determine this and restore it to the public.
τὴν δʼ ὁρισθεῖσαν ὑπʼ ἐκείνων γῆν διαιρεθεῖσαν εἰς κλήρους ὅσους δή τινας καὶ στήλαις εὐκόσμοις διαγραφεῖσαν τὴν μὲν ἀπεμποληθῆναι παρῄνει καὶ μάλιστα περὶ ἧς ἀμφίλογόν τι πρὸς ἰδιώτας ἦν, ὥστε τοῖς ὠνησαμένοις μὴ εἶναι πρὸς τοὺς ἀντιποιησομένους ὑπὲρ αὐτῶν κρίσεις, τὴν δὲ πενταετῆ μισθοῦν χρόνον· τὸ δὲ προσιὸν ἐκ τῶν μισθώσεων ἀργύριον εἰς τοὺς ὀψωνιασμοὺς τῶν στρατευομένων ἀναλοῦσθαι καὶ εἰς τὰς μισθώσεις ὧν οἱ πόλεμοι χορηγιῶν δέονται·
He advised that the land defined by them, being divided into a certain number of allotments and marked out by orderly boundary stones, should in part be sold, especially that about which there was any dispute with private persons, so that those who bought it might not have lawsuits with those who laid claim to it, and in part leased for a term of five years; and that the money arising from the leases should be spent on the pay of the soldiers on service and on the supplies which wars require.
§8.73.4νῦν μὲν γάρ, ἔφησεν, ὁ φθόνος τῶν πενήτων ὁ πρὸς τοὺς πλουσίους, ὅσοι σφετερισάμενοι τὰ κοινὰ διακατέχουσι, δίκαιός ἐστι· καἰ οὐθὲν θαυμαστόν, εἰ τὰ κοινὰ πάντας διανείμασθαι μᾶλλον ἀξιοῦσιν, ἢ τοὺς ἀναιδεστάτους τε καὶ ὀλίγους κατέχειν·
"For now," he said, "the resentment of the poor against the rich, who have usurped and hold the common property, is just; and it is not at all surprising if they demand that everyone should share in the common property rather than that a few of the most shameless should hold it.
ἐὰν δʼ ἀφισταμένους αὐτῆς ὁρῶσι τοὺς νῦν καρπουμένους καὶ τὰ κοινὰ ὄντως κοινὰ γινόμενα, παύσονται φθονοῦντες ἡμῖν, τήν τʼ ἐπιθυμίαν τῆς κατʼ ἄνδρα διανομῆς τῶν ἀγρῶν ἐπανήσουσι μαθόντες, ὅτι λυσιτελεστέρα τῆς μικρᾶς ἑκάστῳ §8.73.5μερίδος ἡ κοινὴ μετὰ πάντων ἔσται κτῆσις.
But if they see those who now enjoy it withdrawing from it, and the common property really becoming common, they will cease to resent us, and will slacken their desire for the distribution of the lands individually, having learned that the common possession with all will be more profitable to each than a small portion.
διδάσκωμεν γὰρ αὐτούς, ἔλεγεν, ὅσον τὸ διάφορον, καὶ ὡς εἷς μὲν ἕκαστος τῶν πενήτων γῄδιον οὐ μέγα λαβὼν καὶ εἰ τύχοι γείτονας ὀχληροὺς ἔχων οὔτʼ αὐτὸς ἱκανὸς ἔσται τοῦτο γεωργεῖν διʼ ἀπορίαν, οὔτε τὸν μισθωσόμενον ὅτι μὴ τὸν γείτονα εὑρήσει· εἰ δὲ μεγάλοι κλῆροι ποικίλας τε καὶ ἀξιολόγους ἔχοντες γεωργοῖς ἐργασίας ὑπὸ τοῦ κοινοῦ μισθοῖντο, πολλὰς οἴσουσι προσόδους·
For let us show them," he said, "how great is the difference, and how each of the poor, having received a small plot of land, and if it should happen, having troublesome neighbors, will neither be able to cultivate it himself because of poverty, nor will find anyone to lease it except his neighbor; whereas if large allotments, providing various and considerable works for husbandmen, should be leased by the public, they will yield many revenues.
καὶ ὅτι κρεῖττον αὐτοῖς ἐστιν, ὅταν ἐξίωσιν ἐπὶ τοὺς πολέμους ἐκ τοῦ δημοσίου ταμιείου τὸν ἐπισιτισμόν τε καὶ ὀψωνιασμὸν λαμβάνειν, ἢ ἐκ τῶν ἰδίων οἴκων εἰς τὸ ταμιεῖον ἕκαστον εἰσφέρειν τεθλιμμένων ἔστιν ὅτε τῶν βίων καὶ ἔτι μᾶλλον ἐν τῷ συμπορίζειν τὸ ἀργύριον ἐπιβαρησομένων.
And it is better for them, when they go out to wars, to receive their provisions and pay from the public treasury, than for each to contribute to the treasury from his own home, when their lives are sometimes oppressed and they will be still more burdened in raising the money."