§7.72.7Ἑλληνικὸν δʼ ἄρα καὶ τοῦτʼ ἦν ἐν τοῖς πάνυ παλαιὸν ἐπιτήδευμα, ἐνόπλιος ὄρχησις ἡ καλουμένη πυρρίχη, εἴτʼ Ἀθηνᾶς πρώτης ἐπὶ Τιτάνων ἀφανισμῷ χορεύειν καὶ ὀρχεῖσθαι σὺν τοῖς ὅπλοις τἀπινίκια ὑπὸ χαρᾶς ἀρξαμένης, εἴτε παλαίτερον ἔτι Κουρήτων αὐτὴν καταστησαμένων, ὅτε τὸν Δία τιθηνούμενοι θέλγειν ἐβούλοντο κτύπῳ τε ὅπλων καὶ κινήσει μελῶν ἐνρύθμῳ καθάπερ ὁ μῦθος ἔχει.
It was, indeed, a very ancient custom among the Greeks, this armed dance called the pyrrhic, whether because Athena first began to dance and perform this dance with arms in joy over the destruction of the Titans, or because still earlier the Curetes established it, when, nurturing the infant Zeus, they wished to soothe him with the clash of arms and the rhythmic movement of limbs, as the myth has it.
§7.72.8δηλοῖ δὲ καὶ τούτου τὴν ἀρχαιότητα ὡς ἐπιχωρίου τοῖς Ἕλλησιν Ὅμηρος πολλαχῇ μὲν καὶ ἄλλῃ, μάλιστα δʼ ἐν ἀσπίδος κατασκευῇ, ἣν Ἀχιλλεῖ δωρήσασθαί φησιν Ἥφαιστον.
Homer too reveals the antiquity of this as native to the Greeks in many other places, but especially in the fashioning of the shield which he says Hephaestus presented to Achilles.
ὑποθέμενος γὰρ ἐν αὐτῇ δύο πόλεις τὴν μὲν εἰρήνῃ κοσμουμένην, τὴν δὲ πολέμῳ κακοπαθοῦσαν, ἐν ᾗ τὴν ἀμείνω καθίστησι τύχην ἑορτὰς ποιῶν καὶ γάμους καὶ θαλίας ὥσπερ εἰκὸς καὶ ταῦτα λέγει· "κοῦροι δʼ ὀρχηστῆρες ἐδίνεον· ἐν δʼ ἄρα τοῖσιν αὐλοὶ φόρμιγγές τε βοὴν ἔχον· αἱ δὲ γυναῖκες ἱστάμεναι θαύμαζον ἐπὶ προθύροισιν ἑκάστη. " §7.72.9καὶ αὖθις ἕτερον ἐν αὐτῇ λέγων διακεκοσμῆσθαι Κρητικὸν ἠιθέων τε καὶ παρθένων χορὸν ὧδε εἴρηκεν· "ἐν δὲ χορὸν ποίκιλλε περικλυτὸς ἀμφιγυήεις, τῷ ἴκελον οἷόν ποτʼ ἐνὶ Κνωσσῷ εὐρείῃ Δαίδαλος ἤσκησεν καλλιπλοκάμῳ Ἀριάδνῃ.
For having assumed on it two cities, one adorned with peace and the other distressed by war, in the one where he establishes the better fortune, representing festivals, marriages, and banquets, as is natural, he speaks thus: "And young dancers were wheeling; and among them flutes and lyres kept up a loud sound; and the women stood at their doorways, each one wondering." And again, saying that another Cretan dance of youths and maidens was decorated on it, he has spoken thus: "And on it the famous lame god fashioned a dance, like that which once in wide Knossos Daedalus wrought for fair-haired Ariadne.
ἔνθα μὲν ἠίθεοι καὶ παρθένοι ἀλφεσίβοιαι ὠρχεῦντʼ ἀλλήλων ἐπὶ καρπῷ χεῖρας ἔχουσαι. "
κόσμον τʼ αὐτοῦ ἀφηγούμενος, ἵνα δῆλον ἡμῖν ποιήσειεν, ὅτι ἡ τῶν ἀρρένων κίνησις ἐνόπλιος ἦν, τάδε λέγει· "καί ῥʼ αἱ μὲν καλὰς στεφάνας ἔχον, οἱ δὲ μαχαίρας εἶχον χρυσείας ἐξ ἀργυρέων τελαμώνων. "
ἡγεμόνας τε τῆς ὀρχήσεως αὐτῶν τοὺς ἐνδιδόντας τοῖς ἄλλοις καὶ προκαταρχομένους εἰσάγων τοιάδε γράφει· "πολλὸς δʼ ἱμερόεντα χορὸν περιΐσταθʼ ὅμιλος τερπόμενοι· δοιὼ δὲ κυβιστητῆρε κατʼ αὐτοὺς μολπῆς ἐξάρχοντες ἐδίνευον κατὰ μέσσους. " §7.72.10οὐ μόνον δʼ ἐκ τῆς ἐναγωνίου τε καὶ κατεσπουδασμένης ὀρχήσεως τῶν χορῶν, ᾗ παρὰ τὰς θυηπολίας τε καὶ πομπὰς ἐχρῶντο Ῥωμαῖοι, τὸ συγγενὲς ἄν τις αὐτῶν τὸ πρὸς τοὺς Ἕλληνας ἴδοι, ἀλλὰ καὶ ἐκ τῆς κερτόμου καὶ τωθαστικῆς.
There youths and courtship-earning maidens danced, holding each other's hands by the wrist." And relating its ornament, so that he might make it clear to us that the movement of the males was armed, he speaks thus: "And the girls indeed wore beautiful wreaths, but the boys had golden daggers from silver baldrics." And introducing the leaders of their dance, who gave the step to the others and began first, he writes as follows: "And a large crowd stood around the lovely dance, enjoying themselves; and two tumblers among them, leading the song, wheeled in the midst." And not only from the athletic and serious dance of the choruses, which the Romans used in their sacrifices and processions, would one see their kinship with the Greeks, but also from the mocking and scurrilous one.
μετὰ γὰρ τοὺς ἐνοπλίους χοροὺς οἱ τῶν σατυριστῶν ἐπόμπευον χοροὶ τὴν Ἑλληνικὴν εἰδοφοροῦντες σίκιννιν.
For after the armed choruses marched the choruses of satyr-dancers, representing the Greek sikinnis.
σκευαὶ δʼ αὐτοῖς ἦσαν τοῖς μὲν εἰς Σιληνοὺς εἰκασθεῖσι μαλλωτοὶ χιτῶνες, οὓς ἔνιοι χορταίους καλοῦσι, καὶ περιβόλαια ἐκ παντὸς ἄνθους· τοῖς δʼ εἰς Σατύρους περιζώματα καὶ δοραὶ τράγων καὶ ὀρθότριχες ἐπὶ ταῖς κεφαλαῖς φόβαι καὶ ὅσα τούτοις ὅμοια.
Their costumes consisted, for those made to resemble Sileni, of shaggy tunics which some call chortaioi, and cloaks of every kind of flower; and for those made to resemble Satyrs, of loincloths, goatskins, and upright crests of hair on their heads, and other things similar to these.
οὗτοι κατέσκωπτόν τε καὶ κατεμιμοῦντο τὰς σπουδαίας κινήσεις ἐπὶ τὰ γελοιότερα μεταφέροντες.
These mocked and mimicked the serious movements, transforming them into more ridiculous ones.
§7.72.11δηλοῦσι δὲ καὶ αἱ τῶν θριάμβων εἴσοδοι παλαιὰν καὶ ἐπιχώριον οὖσαν Ῥωμαίοις τὴν κέρτομον καὶ σατυρικὴν παιδιάν.
And the entries of triumphs also show that this mocking and satyric play is ancient and native to the Romans.
ἐφεῖται γὰρ τοῖς κατάγουσι τὰς νίκας ἰαμβίζειν τε καὶ κατασκώπτειν τοὺς ἐπιφανεστάτους ἄνδρας αὐτοῖς στρατηλάταις, ὡς Ἀθήνησι τοῖς πομπευταῖς τοῖς ἐπὶ τῶν ἁμαξῶν πρότερον ἅμα σκώμμασι παροχουμένοις, νῦν δὲ ποιήματʼ ᾅδουσιν αὐτοσχέδια.
For it is permitted to those who celebrate triumphs to jest in iambics and mock the most distinguished men, including the generals themselves, just as at Athens the members of the procession who formerly rode on wagons used to mock people, but now sing improvised poems.
§7.72.12εἶδον δὲ καὶ ἐν ἀνδρῶν ἐπισήμων ταφαῖς ἅμα ταῖς ἄλλαις πομπαῖς προηγουμένους τῆς κλίνης τοὺς σατυριστῶν χοροὺς κινουμένους τὴν σίκιννιν ὄρχησιν, μάλιστα δʼ ἐν τοῖς τῶν εὐδαιμόνων κήδεσιν.
I have also seen at the funerals of illustrious men, along with the other processions, choruses of satyr-dancers preceding the bier and performing the sikinnis dance, especially at the funerals of the wealthy.
ὅτι δʼ οὔτε Λιγύων οὔτʼ Ὀμβρικῶν οὔτʼ ἄλλων τινῶν βαρβάρων τῶν ἐν Ἰταλίᾳ κατοικούντων εὕρημα ἡ σατυρικὴ παιδιὰ καὶ ὄρχησις ἦν, ἀλλʼ Ἑλλήνων, δέδοικα, μὴ καὶ ὀχληρὸς εἶναί τισι δόξω, λόγοις πλείοσι πιστοῦσθαι ὁμολογούμενον πρᾶγμα βουλόμενος.
But that this satyric play and dance was not the invention of the Ligurians, Umbrians, or any other barbarians living in Italy, but of the Greeks, I fear I may seem troublesome to some if I wish to prove a universally agreed fact with more words.