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Dionysius of Halicarnassus · Roman Antiquities §7.20.1-7.20.4

Arrival of Corn and Patrician Division Over Its Distribution

Passage 522 of 962 · Greek

Summary

Under the new consuls Minucius and Atratinus, a large amount of corn arrives in Rome from Sicily and other markets, relieving the famine. However, a sharp division arises among the patricians regarding its disposal, with moderates advocating for cheap distribution to win over the plebeians, and oligarchic hardliners advising to keep prices high to force them into submission.

§7.20.1οἱ δὲ μετʼ αὐτοὺς ἀποδειχθέντες ὕπατοι Μάρκος Μηνύκιος Αὐγουρῖνος καὶ Αὖλος Σεμπρώνιος Ἀτρατῖνος δεύτερον καταστάντες ἐπὶ τὴν ἀρχήν, ἄνδρες οὔθʼ ὅπλων οὔτε λόγων ἄπειροι, προνοίᾳ μὲν ἐχρήσαντο πολλῇ σίτου τε καὶ τῆς ἄλλης ἀγορᾶς ἐμπλῆσαι τὴν πόλιν, ὡς ἐν τῇ κατʼ αὐτὴν εὐετηρίᾳ τῆς ὁμονοίας τοῦ πλήθους κειμένης·
The consuls appointed after them, Marcus Minucius Augurinus and Aulus Sempronius Atratinus, who were established in the office for the second time, men experienced in both arms and eloquence, used great foresight to fill the city with corn and other market provisions, believing that the harmony of the multitude depended on the abundance of the market.
οὐ μὴν ἐξεγένετό γʼ αὐτοῖς ἀμφοτέρων ἅμα τούτων τυχεῖν, ἀλλὰ συνεισῆλθεν ἅμα τῷ κόρῳ τῶν ἀγαθῶν ἡ τῶν χρησαμένων αὐτοῖς ὕβρις.
Yet it was not granted to them to obtain both of these at the same time, but along with the satiety of good things there entered also the insolence of those who enjoyed them.
§7.20.2καὶ τότε δὴ μέγιστος κατέλαβε τὴν Ῥώμην κίνδυνος ἐξ ἀρχῆς, ὅτε ἥκιστʼ ἐδόκει.
And then indeed the greatest danger from the very beginning befell Rome, when it was least expected.
οἵ τε γὰρ ἐπὶ τὴν σιτωνίαν ἀποσταλέντες ὑπʼ αὐτῶν πρέσβεις πολὺν ἐκ τῶν παραθαλαττίων τε καὶ μεσογείων ἐμπορίων σῖτον ὠνησάμενοι κατήγαγον δημοσίᾳ, οἵ τε διαμείβεσθαι τὰς ἀγορὰς εἰωθότες ἐκ παντὸς τόπου συνῆλθον, παρʼ ὧν ἡ πόλις ὠνησαμένη τὸν φόρτον ἐκ τῶν κοινῶν χρημάτων εἶχεν ἐν φυλακῇ.
For the envoys sent by them for the purchase of corn, having bought much grain from the maritime and inland markets, brought it back publicly, and those accustomed to traffic in the markets assembled from every place, from whom the city, having purchased the cargo with public money, kept it under guard.
§7.20.3ἦλθον δὲ καὶ οἱ πρότερον ἀποσταλέντες πρέσβεις εἰς Σικελίαν Γεγάνιος καὶ Οὐαλέριος πολλὰς ἄγοντες ὁλκάδας, ἐν αἷς ἐκομίζοντο πυρῶν πέντε μυριάδες μεδίμνων Σικελικῶν, ὧν τὸ μὲν ἥμισυ μέρος ὠνητὸν ἦν βραχείας πάνυ τιμῆς, τὸ δὲ λοιπὸν ὁ τύραννος ἀπεστάλκει προῖκα δοὺς καὶ τέλεσι παρακομίσας τοῖς ἰδίοις.
There also arrived Geganius and Valerius, the envoys previously sent to Sicily, bringing many merchant vessels in which were carried fifty thousand Sicilian medimnoi of wheat, of which half had been purchased at a very low price, and the remainder the tyrant had sent as a free gift, having transported it at his own expense.
§7.20.4ὡς δʼ ἀπηγγέλθη τοῖς ἐν τῇ πόλει ὁ κατάπλους τῶν σιτηγῶν ὁλκάδων τῶν ἀπὸ Σικελίας, πολλὴ ζήτησις ἐνέπιπτε τοῖς πατρικίοις ὑπὲρ τῆς διαθέσεως αὐτοῦ.
When the arrival of the corn-ships from Sicily was reported to those in the city, a great debate arose among the patricians concerning its disposal.
οἱ μὲν γὰρ ἐπιεικέστατοι αὐτῶν καὶ φιλοδημότατοι πρὸς τὰς κατεχούσας τὸ κοινὸν ἀνάγκας ἀποβλέποντες τήν τε παρὰ τοῦ τυράννου δωρεὰν παρῄνουν ἅπασαν διανεῖμαι τοῖς δημοτικοῖς, καὶ τὸν ὠνηθέντα ἐκ τῶν δημοσίων χρημάτων σῖτον ὀλίγης αὐτοῖς ἀπεμπολῆσαι τιμῆς, διδάσκοντες ὡς ἐκ τούτων ἂν γένοιντο μάλιστα τῶν χαρίτων ἐπιεικέστεραι πρὸς τοὺς εὐπόρους αἱ τῶν πενήτων ὀργαί· οἱ δʼ αὐθαδέστεροι καὶ ὀλιγαρχικώτεροι πάσῃ προθυμίᾳ τε καὶ μηχανῇ κακοῦν ᾤοντο δεῖν τοὺς δημοτικοὺς καὶ συνεβούλευον τιμίας ὡς ἔνι μάλιστα ποιεῖν αὐτοῖς τὰς ἀγοράς, ἵνα σωφρονέστεροι διὰ τὴν ἀνάγκην γένοιντο καὶ πρὸς τὰ λοιπὰ τῆς πολιτείας δίκαια νομιμώτεροι.
For the most moderate and public-spirited among them, looking to the distresses that gripped the state, advised that all the gift from the tyrant should be distributed to the plebeians, and that the corn purchased with public money should be sold to them at a low price, showing that by these favors the resentment of the poor against the wealthy would be most effectively softened; but the more self-willed and oligarchically-minded thought that they ought by every zeal and device to oppress the plebeians, and advised making the market prices as high as possible for them, so that through necessity they might become more sober and more law-abiding regarding the other rights of the commonwealth.

Notes

  1. p.v.3p.33ὡς ἐν τῇ κατʼ αὐτὴν εὐετηρίᾳ τῆς ὁμονοίας τοῦ πλήθους κειμένης — Genitive absolute construction 'ὡς ... κειμένης' (with κειμένης as the genitive feminine singular participle of κεῖμαι 'to depend on/consist in'). The subject of the participle is τῆς ὁμονοίας. The particle ὡς indicates the subjective reason or belief of the subjects (the consuls) in taking action.
  2. §7.20.1οὐ μὴν ἐξεγένετό γʼ αὐτοῖς ἀμφοτέρων ἅμα τούτων τυχεῖν — The impersonal verb ἐξεγένετο (from ἐκγίγνομαι 'to be allowed, to be possible') takes the dative of agent αὐτοῖς and the infinitive τυχεῖν (from τυγχάνω 'to obtain', which governs the genitive ἀμφοτέρων τούτων) as its subject clause. It means 'it was not granted to them to obtain both of these'.
  3. 1359ἐξ ἀρχῆς — The adverbial phrase ἐξ ἀρχῆς. While commonly meaning 'from the beginning,' in this context it can imply a danger arising 'from the very foundations/origins of the state' or 'due to the government/magistracy itself.' It highlights that the ensuing crisis was of a fundamental nature, threatening the core of the Roman state.
  4. 1360ὡς ἐκ τούτων ἂν γένοιντο μάλιστα τῶν χαρίτων ἐπιεικέστεραι πρὸς τοὺς εὐπόρους αἱ τῶν πενήτων ὀργαί — An oblique potential optative clause with ἄν (γένοιντο ἄν). The subject is the postponed noun phrase αἱ τῶν πενήτων ὀργαί ('the angers of the poor'), and the comparative adjective ἐπιεικέστεραι serves as the predicate. The prepositional phrase ἐκ τούτων ... τῶν χαρίτων ('from these favors') is separated by hyperbaton, flanking the main verb for rhetorical emphasis.

Cite this passage

Dionysius of Halicarnassus, Roman Antiquities §7.20.1-7.20.4. Humanitext Reader, https://reader.humanitext.ai/en/text/urn:cts:greekLit:tlg0081.tlg001.humanitext-grc2:7.20.1-7.20.4

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