Humanitext Reader

Dionysius of Halicarnassus · Roman Antiquities §7.17.1-7.17.6

Enactment of a Law Punishing Disruption of Tribunes

Passage 519 of 962 · Greek

Summary

After the assembly adjourned, Brutus and the tribunes occupied the Hephaesteum early the next morning to convene the plebeians, and Sicinius proposed and passed a law heavily punishing anyone who disrupted a tribune's speech.

§7.17.1οὐθενὸς δὲ πρὸς ταῦτʼ ἀντιλέξαντος ἀπῄεσαν ἐκ τῆς ἐκκλησίας οὐ τὰς ὁμοίας ὑπολήψεις ἔχοντες ἑκάτεροι·
Since no one spoke against this, both parties departed from the assembly, not holding the same opinions.
ἀλλʼ οἱ μὲν ἄποροι δοκοῦντές τι περιττὸν ἐξευρηκέναι τὸν Βροῦτον καὶ οὐκ εἰκῆ ὑποσχέσθαι πρᾶγμα τηλικοῦτον, οἱ δὲ πατρίκιοι περιφρονοῦντες τὴν κουφότητα τοῦ ἀνθρώπου καὶ τῶν ὑποσχέσεων τὴν τόλμαν ἕως λόγου χωρήσειν οἰόμενοι· μηθὲν γὰρ ὑπὸ τῆς βουλῆς συγκεχωρῆσθαι τοῖς δημάρχοις ἔξω τοῦ βοηθεῖν τοῖς ἀδικουμένοις τῶν δημοτικῶν.
On the one hand, the poor plebeians believed that Brutus had devised something extraordinary and had not promised so great a matter without reason; on the other hand, the patricians despised the man's levity and, thinking that the boldness of his promises would limit itself to words, believed that nothing had been conceded to the tribunes by the senate beyond assisting those of the plebeians who were wronged.
οὐ μὴν ἅπασί γʼ εἰσῄει καὶ μάλιστα τοῖς πρεσβυτέροις ὀλιγωρία τοῦ πράγματος, ἀλλὰ προσέχειν, μή τι ἀνήκεστον ἡ τοῦ §7.17.2ἀνδρὸς ἐξεργάσηται μανία.
Nevertheless, not everyone, and especially not the older men, felt contempt for the matter, but rather they took care lest the man's madness should bring about some incurable evil.
τῇ δʼ ἑξῆς νυκτὶ κοινωσάμενος τοῖς δημάρχοις ὁ Βροῦτος τὴν ἑαυτοῦ γνώμην καὶ παρασκευασάμενος χεῖρα οὐκ ὀλίγην δημοτῶν κατέβαινε μετʼ αὐτῶν εἰς τὴν ἀγοράν·
The following night, Brutus communicated his plan to the tribunes, and having prepared a considerable force of plebeians, he went down with them into the forum.
καὶ πρὶν ἡμέραν λαμπρὰν γενέσθαι καταλαβόμενοι τὸ Ἡφαιστεῖον, ἔνθα ἦν ἔθος αὐτοῖς ἐκκλησιάζειν, ἐκάλουν μὲν εἰς ἐκκλησίαν τὸν δῆμον.
Before it was bright daylight, they occupied the Hephaesteum, where it was their custom to hold assemblies, and began to call the people to an assembly.
πληρωθείσης δὲ τῆς ἀγορᾶς· ὄχλος γὰρ ὅσος οὔπω πρότερον συνῆλθε· παρελθὼν Σικίνιος ὁ δήμαρχος πολὺν μὲν ἐποιήσατο κατὰ τῶν πατρικίων λόγον, ἅπανθʼ ὑπομιμνήσκων ὅσα κατὰ τῶν δημοτικῶν αὐτοῖς ἐπράχθη·
When the forum was filled—for such a crowd gathered as had never been seen before—Sicinius the tribune came forward and made a long speech against the patricians, reminding the people of all that had been done against the plebeians by them.
ἔπειθʼ ὑπὲρ τῆς παρελθούσης ἡμέρας ἐδίδασκεν, ὡς κεκωλυμένος ὑπʼ αὐτῶν εἴη λόγου τυχεῖν καὶ τὴν ἐξουσίαν τῆς ἀρχῆς ἀφῃρημένος.
Then he informed them concerning the preceding day, explaining how he had been prevented by them from speaking and deprived of the authority of his office.
§7.17.3τίνος γὰρ ἂν ἔτι γενοίμεθʼ, ἔφη, κύριοι τῶν ἄλλων, εἰ μηδὲ τοῦ λέγειν ἐσόμεθα;
"For of what else," he said, "shall we still be masters, if we are not even to be masters of speaking?
πῶς δʼ ἄν τινι ὑμῶν ἀδικουμένῳ πρὸς αὐτῶν βοηθεῖν δυναίμεθα, εἰ τὴν ἐξουσίαν τοῦ συνάγειν ὑμᾶς ἀφαιρεθείημεν;
And how should we be able to assist any of you who are wronged by them, if we should be deprived of the power to assemble you?
ἄρχουσι γὰρ δήπου παντὸς ἔργου λόγοι, καὶ οὐκ ἄδηλον, ὅτι οἷς εἰπεῖν ἃ φρονοῦσιν οὐκ ἔξεστιν, οὐδὲ πρᾶξαι ἂν ἐξείη, ἃ βούλονται.
For words surely direct every action, and it is obvious that those who are not permitted to say what they think would not be permitted to do what they wish either.
ἢ κομίζεσθʼ οὖν, ἔφη, τὴν ἐξουσίαν, ἣν δεδώκατε ἡμῖν, εἰ μὴ μέλλετε βεβαιοῦν αὐτῇ τἀσφαλές, ἢ νόμῳ γραφέντι κωλύσατε τοὺς ἐμποδὼν ἡμῖν τὸ λοιπὸν ἐσομένους. §7.17.4τοιαῦτα διαλεχθείς, ἐπικελεύσαντος αὐτῷ τοῦ δήμου μεγάλῃ βοῇ τὸν νόμον εἰσφέρειν, ἔχων αὐτὸν ἤδη γεγραμμένον ἀνεγίνωσκε καὶ ψῆφον δίδωσι τῷ πλήθει περὶ αὐτοῦ παραχρῆμα ἐπενεγκεῖν.
Therefore, either take back," he said, "the authority you have given us, if you do not intend to make its safety secure, or by a written law prevent those who shall stand in our way for the future." After speaking thus, when the people urged him with a great shout to introduce the law, he read it aloud, as he already had it in writing, and immediately called upon the multitude to cast their vote upon it.
οὐ γὰρ ἐδόκει τὸ πρᾶγμα δεῖσθαι ἀναβολῆς οὐδὲ μελλησμοῦ, μή τι ἄλλο κώλυμα γένηται πρὸς τῶν ὑπάτων.
For the matter did not seem to admit of delay or hesitation, lest some other obstacle should be created by the consuls.
§7.17.5ἦν δὲ τοιόσδε ὁ νόμος· δημάρχου γνώμην ἀγορεύοντος ἐν δήμῳ μηδεὶς λεγέτω μηδὲν ἐναντίον μηδὲ μεσολαβείτω τὸν λόγον.
The law was as follows: When a tribune is delivering his opinion before the people, let no one say anything in opposition nor interrupt his speech.
ἐὰν δέ τις παρὰ ταῦτα ποιήσῃ, διδότω τοῖς δημάρχοις ἐγγυητὰς αἰτηθεὶς εἰς ἔκτισιν ἧς ἂν ἐπιθῶσιν αὐτῷ ζημίας.
If anyone acts contrary to this, let him, upon being demanded, give sureties to the tribunes for the payment of whatever penalty they may impose upon him.
ὁ δὲ μὴ διδοὺς ἐγγυητὴν θανάτῳ ζημιούσθω, καὶ τὰ χρήματʼ αὐτοῦ ἱερὰ ἔστω.
And let him who does not give a surety be punished with death, and let his property be consecrated.
τῶν δʼ ἀμφισβητούντων πρὸς ταύτας τὰς ζημίας αἱ κρίσεις ἔστωσαν ἐπὶ τοῦ δήμου.
If any dispute these penalties, let the decisions be in the hands of the people.
§7.17.6τοῦτον τὸν νόμον ἐπιψηφίσαντες οἱ δήμαρχοι διέλυσαν τὴν ἐκκλησίαν· καὶ ὁ δῆμος ἀπῄει πολλῆς γεγονὼς μεστὸς εὐθυμίας, τῷ δὲ Βρούτῳ μεγάλην χάριν εἰδώς, ἐκείνου δοκῶν εἶναι τὸ ἐνθύμημα τοῦ νόμου.
Having passed this law, the tribunes dismissed the assembly; and the people departed full of great cheer, feeling deep gratitude to Brutus, since they believed that the conception of the law was his.

Notes

  1. 1351ἕως λόγου χωρήσειν — The expression 'to go as far as words' (ἕως λόγου χωρήσειν) is a figurative phrase meaning 'to end in mere words' or 'not to lead to action.' The subject of the infinitive `χωρήσειν` is the preceding `τῶν ὑποσχέσεων τὴν τόλμαν` (the boldness of the promises), indicating that the patricians expected his bold promises to result in nothing but talk.
  2. 1351μηθὲν γὰρ ὑπὸ τῆς βουλῆς συγκεχωρῆσθαι — The infinitive `συγκεχωρῆσθαι` is used because this clause represents the indirect discourse of the patricians' thoughts (explaining why they held their opinions). It depends on the participle `οἰόμενοι` (thinking) or serves as an indirect statement introduced by `γάρ`, expressing their belief that nothing had been conceded.
  3. 1351ἀλλὰ προσέχειν — The infinitive `προσέχειν` is used contrastively after `οὐ μὴν ἅπασί γʼ εἰσῄει ... ὀλιγωρία` (yet contempt did not enter into all). It functions either as a historical infinitive describing their ongoing attention/caution, or depends on an implied verb of thinking or deciding (such as `ἐδόκει`), indicating that they felt they must pay attention.
  4. 1353ἧς ἂν ἐπιθῶσιν αὐτῷ ζημίας — A classic example of relative attraction. Instead of the standard construction `τῆς ζημίας, ἣν ἂν ἐπιθῶσιν` (of the penalty which they may impose), the antecedent `ζημίας` is attracted into the relative clause, and the relative pronoun `ἧς` is attracted into the genitive case to match the syntax of its antecedent's expected position.

Cite this passage

Dionysius of Halicarnassus, Roman Antiquities §7.17.1-7.17.6. Humanitext Reader, https://reader.humanitext.ai/en/text/urn:cts:greekLit:tlg0081.tlg001.humanitext-grc2:7.17.1-7.17.6

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