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Dionysius of Halicarnassus · Roman Antiquities §7.10.1-7.10.6

Uprising of the Citizens' Sons and Deception of Aristodemus

Passage 512 of 962 · Greek

Summary

The sons of the slain citizens, who had previously escaped death, flee to the mountains to take up arms upon learning of a new plot to eliminate them. Supported by Cumaen exiles from Capua, they launch raids, prompting the perplexed tyrant to send his troops to a remote area under the guidance of a fake deserter.

§7.10.1οἱ δʼ ἐπαναστάντες αὐτῷ καὶ τὴν πόλιν ἐλευθερώσαντες ἀπὸ τῆς τυραννίδος οἱ παῖδες τῶν πεφονευμένων ὑπʼ αὺτοῦ πολιτῶν ἦσαν, οὕς κατʼ ἀρχὰς ἅπαντας ἀποκτεῖναι ἐν ἡμέρᾳ μιᾷ προελόμενος ἐπέσχεν, ὥσπερ ἔφην, ὑπὸ τῶν σωματοφυλάκων, οἷς ἔδωκε τὰς μητέρας αὐτῶν, ἐκλιπαρηθείς, κατʼ ἀγροὺς κελεύσας διατρίβειν.
And those who rose up against him and freed the city from the tyranny were the children of the citizens who had been slain by him, whom at first he had chosen to destroy all in a single day, but was held back, as I said, being earnestly entreated by the bodyguards to whom he had given their mothers, and having ordered them to spend their time in the country.
§7.10.2ὀλίγοις δʼ ἔτεσιν ὕστερον, ἐπειδὴ τὰς κώμας διεξιὼν πολλὴν καὶ ἀγαθὴν εἶδεν αὐτῶν νεότητα, δείσας, μὴ συμφρονήσαντες ἐπαναστῶσιν αὐτῷ, φθάσαι διαχειρισάμενος ἅπαντας ἐβούλετο, πρὶν αἰσθέσθαι τινά· καὶ παραλαβὼν τοὺς φίλους ἐσκόπει μετʼ αὐτῶν, διʼ οἵου τρόπου ῥᾷστά τε καὶ τάχιστα λαθόντες ἀναιρεθήσονται.
But a few years later, when he went through the villages and saw their numerous and vigorous youth, fearing lest they should conspire and rise up against him, he wished to forestall them by putting them all out of the way before anyone should perceive it; and taking his friends with him, he consulted with them in what manner they might be made away with most easily, most quickly, and secretly.
§7.10.3τοῦτο καταμαθόντες οἱ παῖδες, εἴτε μηνυθὲν ὑπὸ τῶν συνειδότων τινός, εἴτʼ αὐτοὶ κατὰ τὸν ἐκ τῶν εἰκότων λογισμὸν ὑποτοπήσαντες, φεύγουσιν εἰς τὰ ὄρη τὸν γεωργικὸν ἁρπάσαντες σίδηρον.
The boys, having learned of this—whether because it was revealed by one of those in the secret, or because they themselves suspected it by reasonable calculation—fled to the mountains, having snatched up their iron farming tools.
ἧκον δʼ αὐτοῖς ἐπίκουροι κατὰ τάχος ἐνδιατρίβοντες ἐν Καπύῃ Κυμαίων φυγάδες, ὧν ἦσαν ἐπιφανέστατοί τε καὶ πλείστους Καμπανῶν ἔχοντες ξένους οἱ Ἱππομέδοντος παῖδες τοῦ κατὰ τὸν Τυρρηνικὸν ἱππαρχήσαντος πόλεμον, αὐτοί θʼ ὡπλισμένοι κἀκείνοις κομίζοντες ὅπλα Καμπανῶν τε μισθοφόρων καὶ φίλων χεῖρα συγκροτήσαντες οὐκ ὀλίγην.
And there came to their aid in haste the exiles of the Cumaeans who were staying in Capua, of whom the most illustrious, and those who had the greatest number of Campanian guest-friends, were the sons of Hippomedon, who had been commander of the cavalry in the Tyrrhenian war; they themselves were armed and brought arms for the others, having assembled a not inconsiderable force of Campanian mercenaries and friends.
§7.10.4ἐπεὶ δὲ καθʼ ἓν ἅπαντες ἐγένοντο, τοὺς ἀγροὺς τῶν ἐχθρῶν καταθέοντες ἐφόδοις λῃστρικαῖς ἐλεηλάτουν καὶ τοὺς δούλους ἀφίστασαν ἀπὸ τῶν δεσποτῶν καὶ τοὺς ἐκ τῶν δεσμωτηρίων λύοντες καθώπλιζον, καὶ ὅσα μὴ δύναιντο φέρειν τε καὶ ἄγειν τὰ μὲν ἐνεπίμπρασαν, τὰ δὲ κατέσφαττον.
When they had all assembled in one place, overrunning the fields of their enemies in predatory incursions, they plundered them, and made the slaves revolt from their masters, and releasing those in the prisons, they armed them; and whatever they could not carry or drive away, they either burned or slaughtered.
ἀπορουμένῳ δὲ τῷ τυράννῳ, τίνα χρὴ §7.10.5τρόπον αὐτοῖς πολεμεῖν διὰ τὸ μήτʼ ἐκ τοῦ φανεροῦ τὰς ἐπιχειρήσεις αὐτοὺς ποιεῖσθαι μήτʼ ἐν τοῖς αὐτοῖς χρονίζειν τόποις, ἀλλὰ νυκτὶ μὲν εἰς ὄρθρον, ἡμέρᾳ δʼ εἰς νύκτα συμμετρεῖσθαι τὰς ἐφόδους, καὶ πολλάκις ἀποστείλαντι τοὺς στρατιώτας ἐπὶ τὴν βοήθειαν τῆς χώρας διὰ κενῆς, παραγίνεταί τις ἐξ αὐτῶν ᾐκισμένος τὸ σῶμα μάστιξιν ἀποσταλεὶς ὑπὸ τῶν φυγάδων ὡς αὐτόμολος, ὃς ἄδειαν αἰτησάμενος ὑπέσχετο τῷ τυράννῳ παραλαβὼν τὴν ἀποσταλησομένην σὺν αὐτῷ δύναμιν ἄξειν ἐπὶ τὸν τόπον, ἐν ᾧ τὴν ἐπιοῦσαν ἔμελλον αὐλίζεσθαι νύκτα οἱ φυγάδες.
And the tyrant was at a loss in what manner he ought to make war against them, because they did not make their attempts openly nor remain in the same places, but proportioned their incursions, those by night to the dawn, and those by day to the night, and though he often sent soldiers to the relief of the country, it was in vain. Then there came one of them, his body mangled with scourges, sent by the exiles as a deserter, who, having asked for indemnity, promised the tyrant that, if he took the force that should be sent with him, he would lead them to the place where the exiles were to encamp during the coming night.
§7.10.6ᾧ πιστεῦσαι προαχθεὶς ὁ τύραννος αἰτοῦντι οὐθὲν καὶ τὸ ἑαυτοῦ σῶμα ὅμηρον παρεχομένῳ πέμπει τοὺς πιστοτάτους τῶν ἡγεμόνων ἄγοντας ἱππεῖς τε πολλοὺς καὶ τὴν μισθοφόρον δύναμιν, οἷς ἐνετείλατο μάλιστα μὲν ἅπαντας τοὺς φυγάδας, εἰ δὲ μή γʼ ὡς πλείστους ἐξ αὐτῶν δήσαντας πρὸς αὐτὸν ἄγειν.
The tyrant, having been induced to trust him since he asked for nothing and offered his own body as a hostage, sent the most faithful of his officers, leading many horsemen and the mercenary force, whom he commanded to bring all the exiles to him bound, or if not all, at least as many as possible.
ὁ μὲν οὖν κατασκευαστὸς αὐτόμολος κατά τʼ ἀτριβεῖς ὁδοὺς καὶ διὰ δρυμῶν ἐρήμων ἦγε τὴν στρατιὰν ταλαιπωροῦσαν διʼ ὅλης νυκτὸς ἐπὶ τὰ πλεῖστον ἀπέχοντα τῆς πόλεως μέρη.
The pretended deserter, therefore, led the army, which was suffering hardships through the whole night, along untrodden paths and through deserted woods, to the parts of the country most distant from the city.

Notes

  1. 7.10.1ὑπὸ τῶν σωματοφυλάκων — A prepositional phrase indicating the agent of the passive participle `ἐκλιπαρηθείς` ('having been earnestly entreated'). Contextually, the bodyguards had been entreated by the mothers of the boys, and in turn pleaded with the tyrant on their behalf.
  2. 7.10.3μηνυθὲν — An impersonal accusative absolute construction. The neuter singular participle of `μηνύω` ('to reveal' or 'disclose') is used to express 'it having been revealed' or 'since the plot was disclosed'.
  3. 7.10.5διὰ τὸ μήτʼ... ποιεῖσθαι — An articular infinitive construction governed by the preposition `διά` ('because of'). The accusative pronoun `αὐτούς` acts as the subject of the infinitive `ποιεῖσθαι`.

Cite this passage

Dionysius of Halicarnassus, Roman Antiquities §7.10.1-7.10.6. Humanitext Reader, https://reader.humanitext.ai/en/text/urn:cts:greekLit:tlg0081.tlg001.humanitext-grc2:7.10.1-7.10.6

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