Humanitext Reader

Dionysius of Halicarnassus · Roman Antiquities §6.51.1-6.51.3

Agrippa on the Desperate Situation Inside the City

Passage 457 of 962 · Greek

Summary

The speaker describes the dire situation inside the city walls, including food shortages, the unreliability and desertions of the plebeians, and the heart-rending state of their left-behind families, arguing that continuing the war is reckless.

§6.51.1οὕτω δὲ κακῶς ἐχόντων ἡμῖν τῶν ὑπαιθρίων οὐδὲ τὰ ἐντὸς τείχους δεινὰ ἧττόν ἐστι φοβερά.
With our affairs in the open fields being in such a bad state for us, the dangers inside the walls are no less fearsome.
οὔτε γὰρ ὡς πολιορκησόμενοι παρεσκευάσμεθα ἐκ πολλοῦ τὰ συμμαχικὰ οὔτε πλήθει αὐτοὶ ἀποχρῶντές ἐσμεν ὡς πρὸς τοσαῦτα πολεμίων ἔθνη, τοῦ δʼ ὀλίγου καὶ οὐκ ἀξιομάχου πληρώματος τὸ πλεῖόν ἐστι δημοτικόν, θῆτες καὶ πελάται καὶ χειρώνακτες, οὐ πάνυ βέβαιοι τεταραγμένης ἀριστοκρατίας φύλακες.
For we have neither prepared our alliances long in advance as men who are to be besieged, nor are we ourselves sufficient in number against so many hostile nations; and of our small and combat-unworthy force, the greater part consists of the plebeians—day-laborers, clients, and artisans—who are by no means reliable guardians of a shaken aristocracy.
αἵ τε νῦν αὐτομολίαι συνεχεῖς αὐτῶν πρὸς τοὺς ἀφεστηκότας γινόμεναι, §6.51.2τὸ σύμπαν ὕποπτον εἶναι παρεσκευάκασιν.
And their present continuous desertions to the revolters have made the whole body suspect.
ὑπὲρ ἅπαντα δὲ ταῦτα ἡ τῶν ἐπιτηδείων συγκομιδὴ κρατουμένης ὑπὸ τῶν πολεμίων τῆς γῆς ἀδύνατος οὖσα φοβεῖ τε ἤδη λιμόν, ἐπειδάν τʼ ἐν τῷ ἀπόρῳ γενώμεθα ἔτι μᾶλλον φοβήσει, χωρὶς δὲ τούτων ὁ μηδένα χρόνον ἡμᾶς εὐσταθεῖν ταῖς διανοίαις ἐῶν πόλεμος.
Above all these things, the gathering of provisions, being impossible since the land is held by the enemy, already threatens us with famine, and when we are in desperate straits, it will terrify us even more; and apart from these, there is the war which does not allow our minds to be at peace for any time.
ἅπαντα δʼ ὑπερβάλλει τὰ δεινὰ γύναια τῶν ἀποστατῶν καὶ παιδία νήπια καὶ γηραιοὶ γονεῖς, ἐν ἐσθῆσιν ἐλεειναῖς καὶ σχήμασι πενθίμοις περιφθειρόμενοι κατὰ τὴν ἀγορὰν καὶ τοὺς στενωποὺς κλαίοντες, ἱκετεύοντες, ἁπτόμενοι δεξιᾶς ἑκάστου καὶ γονάτων, ἀπολοφυρόμενοι τὴν κατέχουσαν αὐτοὺς καὶ ἔτι μᾶλλον καθέξουσαν ἐρημίαν, δεινὴ καὶ ἀνυπομόνητος ὄψις.
But exceeding all these joys are the wives of the defectors, their infant children, and their aged parents, who, wandering about in pitiful clothing and mourning attire through the forum and the narrow streets, weeping, entreating, grasping the right hand and knees of everyone, and bewailing the destitution that possesses them now and will possess them even more—a dreadful and intolerable sight.
§6.51.3οὐδεὶς γοῦν ἐστιν οὕτως ὠμὸς τὸν τρόπον, ὃς οὐκ ἀνατρέπεται τὴν ψυχὴν ὁρῶν ταῦτα καὶ πάσχει τι πρὸς τὰς ἀνθρώπων τύχας.
At any rate, there is no one of so cruel a disposition who is not shaken in his soul upon seeing these things and does not feel something for the fortunes of men.
ὥστʼ εἰ μέλλοιμεν ἀσπείστως πρὸς τὸ δημοτικὸν ἔχειν, ἀπαλλακτέον ἡμῖν καὶ ταῦτα τὰ σώματα ἐκποδών, τὰ μὲν ὡς ἄχρηστα εἰς πολιορκίαν ἐσόμενα, τὰ δʼ ὡς οὐ διαμενοῦντα βεβαίως φίλα.
Therefore, if we are to remain unreconciled with the plebeians, we must also put these people out of the way; some because they will be useless for a siege, and others because they will not remain firmly friendly.
ἀπελαυνομένων δὲ καὶ τούτων τίς ἡ φυλάξουσα τὴν πόλιν ἔτι λειφθήσεται δύναμις;
But if these too are driven away, what force will still be left to guard the city?
ἢ τίνι πιστεύσαντες ἐπικουρίᾳ τὰ δεινὰ τολμήσομεν ὑπομένειν;
Or relying on what assistance shall we dare to endure these dangers?
ἡ μέντοι οἰκεία ἡμῶν καταφυγὴ καὶ μόνη βέβαιος ἐλπίς, ἡ τῶν πατρικίων ἀκμή, βραχεῖά ἐστιν, ὥσπερ ὁρᾶτε, καὶ οὐκ ἄξιον ἐπὶ ταύτῃ μέγα φρονεῖν.
Our own domestic refuge and only secure hope, the strength of the patricians, is small, as you see, and it is not fitting to boast great things upon it.
τι οὖν οἱ τὸν πόλεμον ὑπομένειν εἰσηγούμενοι ληροῦσι καὶ φενακίζουσιν ἡμᾶς, ἀλλʼ οὐχὶ φανερῶς παραινοῦσιν ἀναιμωτὶ καὶ δίχα πόνου παραδιδόναι τοῖς ἐχθροῖς ἤδη τὴν πόλιν;
Why then do those who propose to endure the war talk nonsense and deceive us, instead of openly advising us to surrender the city to our enemies now, without bloodshed and without labor?

Notes

  1. 6.51.1οὕτω δὲ κακῶς ἐχόντων ἡμῖν τῶν ὑπαιθρίων — Genitive absolute construction. τῶν ὑπαιθρίων is used substantively in the neuter plural to mean "affairs in the open field," and ἡμῖν is a dative of interest ("for us").
  2. 6.51.1οὐ πάνυ βέβαιοι τεταραγμένης ἀριστοκρατίας φύλακες — τεταραγμένης ἀριστοκρατίας is a genitive modifying the noun φύλακες ("guardians of a shaken aristocracy"). Although it is grammatically possible to construe this as a genitive absolute ("while the aristocracy is shaken"), interpreting it as a modifying genitive forms a tighter semantic connection.
  3. 6.51.2ὁ μηδένα χρόνον ἡμᾶς εὐσταθεῖν ταῖς διανοίαις ἐῶν πόλεμος — The present participle ἐῶν (from ἐάω) with the definite article ὁ forms an attributive phrase modifying the noun πόλεμος, equivalent to a relative clause. ἡμᾶς is the accusative subject of the infinitive εὐσταθεῖν, meaning "the war which does not allow us to be at peace in our minds for any time."
  4. 6.51.3ἀπαλλακτέον ἡμῖν καὶ ταῦτα τὰ σώματα ἐκποδών — An impersonal construction using the verbal adjective ἀπαλλακτέον. The logical subject (agent) is expressed by the dative ἡμῖν, and the object to be removed is expressed in the accusative ταῦτα τὰ σώματα, based on the transitive force of the verbal adjective.

Cite this passage

Dionysius of Halicarnassus, Roman Antiquities §6.51.1-6.51.3. Humanitext Reader, https://reader.humanitext.ai/en/text/urn:cts:greekLit:tlg0081.tlg001.humanitext-grc2:6.51.1-6.51.3

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