Dionysius of Halicarnassus · Roman Antiquities §6.34.1-6.34.4
Plebeian Refusal of Enlistment and Crises Facing Rome
Summary
As new consuls take office and threats from the Sabines and Medullini emerge, the plebeians refuse military enrollment due to broken promises on debt relief and spark riots in the city. Simultaneously, Rome is beset by multiple crises as allies plead for military aid and the Volscians demand the restoration of their lands.
§6.34.1μετὰ ταῦτα παραλαμβάνουσι τὴν ὑπατικὴν ἀρχὴν Αὖλος Οὐεργίνιος Καιλιμοντανὸς καὶ Τῖτος Οὐετούριος Γέμινος, ἄρχοντος Ἀθήνησι Θεμιστοκλέους, ἑξηκοστῷ καὶ διακοσιοστῷ μετὰ τὴν κτίσιν ἔτει, μελλούσης εἰς τοὐπιὸν τῆς ἑβδομηκοστῆς καὶ δευτέρας ὀλυμπιάδος, ἣν ἐνίκα δεύτερον Τισικράτης Κροτωνιάτης.
After this, Aulus Virginius Caelimontanus and Titus Veturius Geminus entered upon the consulship, in the year when Themistocles was archon at Athens, the two hundred and sixtieth year after the founding of the city, when the seventy-second Olympiad (in which Tisicrates of Croton won the short-distance race for the second time) was about to be celebrated.
ἐπὶ τούτων Σαβῖνοι πάλιν ἐπὶ Ῥωμαίους στρατιὰν ἐξάγειν μείζονα παρεσκευάζοντο, καὶ Μεδυλλῖνοι Ῥωμαίων ἀποστάντες πρὸς τὸ Σαβίνων ἔθνος ὅρκους ἐποιήσαντο περὶ συμμαχίας.
Under these consuls, the Sabines were again preparing to march a larger army against the Romans, and the people of Medullia, revolting from the Romans, made an alliance under oath with the Sabine nation.
§6.34.2πυνθανόμενοι δὲ τὴν διάνοιαν αὐτῶν οἱ πατρίκιοι παρεσκευάζοντο διὰ ταχέων ἐξιέναι πανστρατιᾷ·
But the patricians, learning of their intention, made preparations to march out immediately with all their forces.
τὸ δὲ δημοτικὸν οὐχ ὑπήκουεν αὐτοῖς, ἀλλʼ ἐμνησικάκουν τῆς ψευσθείσης αὐτοῖς πολλάκις ὑποσχέσεως περὶ τῶν ἐπικουρίας δεομένων ἀπόρων, τἀναντία ἐπαγόντων τῶν ἐπʼ ἐκείνοις ψηφιζομένων.
The plebeians, however, would not obey them, but harbored resentment because of the promises so often made to them and as often broken concerning the poor who stood in need of relief, inasmuch as the decrees passed concerning them brought about the very opposite results.
κατʼ ὀλίγους δὲ συλλεγόμενοι ὅρκοις ἀλλήλους κατελάμβανον ὑπὲρ τοῦ μηκέτι συνάρασθαι τοῖς πατρικίοις πολέμου μηδενὸς καθʼ ἕνα τῶν ἀπόρων κατισχυόμενοι κοινῇ καὶ πρὸς τοὺς ἐντυγχάνοντας βοηθήσαντες.
Gathering together in small groups, they bound one another by oaths never again to join the patricians in any war, but to assist in common, and also individually any of the poor who should be oppressed, by defending whoever fell in their way.
καὶ ἐγίνετο πολλαχῇ μὲν καὶ ἄλλῃ τὸ συνώμοτον ἐν ἁψιμαχίαις λόγων τε καὶ ἔργων ἐμφανές, μάλιστα δʼ ἐδήλωσε τοῖς ὑπάτοις, ἐπειδὴ οὐ προσῄεσαν οἱ καλούμενοι πρὸς τὴν στρατολογίαν.
This conspiracy became manifest in many other places in skirmishes of words and actions, but it made itself most clear to the consuls when those who were called did not present themselves for the levy.
§6.34.3συναρπάσαι γὰρ τινὰ τῶν ἐκ τοῦ δήμου κελευσάντων οἱ πένητες ἀθρόοι συστραφέντες τόν τε φερόμενον ἀφῃροῦντο καὶ τοὺς ὑπηρέτας τῶν ὑπάτων οὐ μεθιεμένους αὐτοὶ παίοντες ἀπήλαυνον, καὶ οὔτε ἱππέων οὔτε πατρικίων, ὅσοι παρόντες τὰ γινόμενα κωλύειν ἠξίουν, ἀπείχοντο μὴ οὐ παίειν·
For when the consuls ordered one of the common people to be seized, the poor, rushing together in a crowd, rescued the man who was being carried off, and by beating the lictors of the consuls who would not let him go, drove them away. Nor did they refrain from striking any of the horsemen or patricians who were present and thought fit to prevent what was going on.
καὶ διʼ ὀλίγου πᾶσα ἡ πόλις ἦν ἀκοσμίας πλήρης καὶ θορύβου.
And in a short time the whole city was full of disorder and tumult.
ἅμα δὲ τῇ στάσει τῇ κατὰ τὴν πόλιν αὐξομένῃ καὶ τὰ τῶν πολεμίων πρὸς καταδρομὴν παρασκευαζόμενα μείζω τὴν ἐπίδοσιν ἐλάμβανεν.
At the same time that the sedition in the city was increasing, the preparations of the enemy for an invasion were also making greater progress.
Οὐολούσκων δὲ πάλιν ἀπόστασιν βουλευσαμένων καὶ τῶν καλουμένων Αἰκανῶν πρεσβεία ἀπὸ πάντων τῶν Ῥωμαίοις ὑπηκόων παρῆν ἀξιούντων σφίσι συμμαχεῖν ἐν τρίβῳ τοῦ πολέμου κειμένοις.
For when the Volscians had again resolved upon a revolt, as had also the people called Aequians, embassies from all the subjects of the Romans arrived, requesting them to send assistance to them as they lay in the path of the war.
§6.34.4Λατῖνοι μὲν γὰρ ἔφασκον Αἰκανοὺς ἐμβαλόντας εἰς τὴν χώραν αὐτῶν λεηλατεῖν τοὺς ἀγροὺς καὶ πόλεις τινὰς ἤδη διηρπακέναι· οἱ δʼ ἐν Κρουστομερείᾳ φρουροὶ πλησίον εἶναι Σαβίνους ἀποφαίνοντες καὶ πολλῇ χρωμένους προθυμίᾳ τὸ φρούριον πολεμεῖν·
For the Latins declared that the Aequians, having invaded their territory, were pillaging their fields and had already plundered some of their cities; while the garrison in Crustumeria reported that the Sabines were near and were attacking the fort with great enthusiasm.
ἄλλοι δέ τι ἄλλο κακὸν ἀπαγγέλλοντες γεγονὸς ἢ γενησόμενον καὶ βοήθειαν διὰ ταχέων αἰτησόμενοι.
Others brought news of some other calamity, either past or future, and came to ask for speedy assistance.
παρεγένοντο δʼ ἐπὶ τὸ συνέδριον καὶ παρʼ Οὐολούσκων πρέσβεις, ἀξιοῦντες ἀπολαβεῖν ἣν ἀφῃρέθησαν ὑπʼ αὐτῶν χώραν, πρὶν ἄρξασθαι πολέμου.
There came also to the senate-house ambassadors from the Volscians, demanding the restoration of the land of which they had been deprived by the Romans, before they began the war.
Notes
- 1118τἀναντία ἐπαγόντων τῶν ἐπʼ ἐκείνοις ψηφιζομένων — A genitive absolute construction. `τῶν ψηφιζομένων` is a neuter plural participle used substantively to mean 'the decrees passed'. It acts as the subject of the participle `ἐπαγόντων` ('bringing about'). The phrase means 'inasmuch as the decrees passed concerning them brought about the very opposite results' of the promises.
- 1119ἀπείχοντο μὴ οὐ παίειν — An infinitive construction with `μὴ οὐ` following a verb with a negative implication (`ἀπέχομαι`, meaning 'to refrain or keep away from'). The combination of a negative verb and the double negative `μὴ οὐ` results in a strong affirmative meaning: 'they did not refrain from striking' (i.e., they actively and fiercely struck them).
Cite this passage
Dionysius of Halicarnassus, Roman Antiquities §6.34.1-6.34.4. Humanitext Reader, https://reader.humanitext.ai/en/text/urn:cts:greekLit:tlg0081.tlg001.humanitext-grc2:6.34.1-6.34.4
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