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Dionysius of Halicarnassus · Roman Antiquities §6.16.1-6.16.3

Postumius Rebukes the Volscian Envoys and Frees Them

Passage 422 of 962 · Greek

Summary

The dictator Postumius exposes the deception of the Volscian ambassadors by presenting intercepted letters as proof of their espionage, but decides to release them unharmed to avoid giving their state a pretext for war.

§6.16.1ὡς δὲ ταύτῃ προσέθεντο τῇ γνώμῃ καὶ οἱ προχειρισθέντες ὑπʼ αὐτῶν πρέσβεις ἀφικόμενοι πρὸς τὸν δικτάτορα καὶ παραχθέντες ἐπὶ τὴν ἐκκλησίαν διεξῆλθον τοὺς ἐξαπατήσοντας λόγους, ὀλίγον ἐπισχὼν ὁ Ποστόμιος χρόνον πρὸς αὐτοὺς εἶπε·
When they had agreed to this opinion, the ambassadors chosen by them, having arrived before the dictator and having been brought into the assembly, delivered their deceitful speeches.
πονηρὰ βουλεύματα, ὦ Οὐολοῦσκοι, χρηστοῖς λόγοις ἀμφιέσαντες ἥκετε· καὶ πολεμίων ἔργα πράττοντες φίλων ἐξενέγκασθαι βούλεσθε δόξαν.
After waiting a short time, Postumius said to them: "O Volscians, you have come wrapping evil counsels in fair words, and while doing the deeds of enemies, you wish to bear away the reputation of friends.
§6.16.2ὑμεῖς γὰρ ἀπέσταλθε ὑπὸ τοῦ κοινοῦ Λατίνοις συμμαχήσοντες καθʼ ἡμῶν, ἐπεὶ δʼ ὕστεροι τῆς μάχης ἥκετε καὶ κρατουμένους αὐτοὺς ὁρᾶτε, παρακρούσασθαι βούλεσθε ἡμᾶς τἀναντία, ὧν ἐμέλλετε πράττειν, λέγοντες.
For you were dispatched by your commonwealth to ally with the Latins against us, but since you have arrived too late for the battle and see them conquered, you wish to deceive us by saying the opposite of what you were intending to do.
καὶ οὐδʼ ἡ φιλανθρωπία τῶν λόγων, ἣν πλάττεσθε πρὸς τὸν παρόντα καιρὸν οὐδὲ τὸ προσποίημα ὑμῶν τῆς δεῦρο ἀφίξεως ὑγιές ἐστιν, ἀλλὰ μεστὸν δόλου καὶ ἀπάτης.
And neither the friendliness of the words which you fashion for the present occasion, nor the pretense of your arrival here is genuine, but rather full of guile and deceit.
οὐ γὰρ συνησθησόμενοι τοῖς ἀγαθοῖς ἡμετέροις ἐξαπέσταλθε, ἀλλὰ κατασκεψόμενοι, πῶς ἡμῖν ἀσθενείας ἢ δυνάμεως τὰ πράγματα ἔχει· καί ἐστε πρεσβευταὶ μὲν λόγῳ, κατάσκοποι δʼ ἔργῳ. §6.16.3ἀρνουμένων δὲ πρὸς ἅπαντα τῶν ἀνδρῶν οὐ διὰ μακροῦ τὴν πίστιν ἔφησεν αὐτοῖς παρέξεσθαι·
For you were not sent out to rejoice with us in our good fortune, but to spy out how our affairs stand in respect of weakness or strength; and you are ambassadors in word, but spies in deed." When the men denied everything, he said he would show them the proof of it before long.
καὶ αὐτίκα τὰς ἐπιστολὰς αὐτῶν, ἃς ἔλαβε πρὸ τῆς μάχης τοῖς ἡγεμόσι τῶν Λατίνων φερομένας, ἐν αἷς ὑπισχνοῦντο αὐτοῖς πέμψειν ἐπικουρίαν, προήνεγκε, καὶ τοὺς φέροντας αὐτὰς προήγαγεν.
And immediately he produced their letters, which he had captured before the battle while being carried to the leaders of the Latins, in which they promised to send them assistance, and he brought forward those who were carrying them.
ἀναγνωσθέντων δὲ τῶν γραμμάτων καὶ τῶν αἰχμαλώτων ἃς ἔλαβον ἐντολὰς διηγησαμένων, τὸ μὲν πλῆθος λίθοις ὥρμησε βαλεῖν τοὺς Οὐολούσκους ὡς ἑαλωκότας ἐπʼ αὐτοφώρῳ κατασκόπους, ὁ δὲ Ποστόμιος οὐκ ᾤετο δεῖν ὁμοίους γενέσθαι τοῖς κακοῖς τοὺς ἀγαθοὺς κρεῖττον εἶναι λέγων καὶ μεγαλοψυχότερον εἰς τοὺς ἀποστείλαντας φυλάττειν τὴν ὀργὴν ἢ εἰς τοὺς ἀποσταλέντας, καὶ διὰ τὸ φανερὸν ὄνομα τῆς πρεσβείας ἀφεῖναι τοὺς ἄνδρας μᾶλλον ἢ διὰ τὸ ἀφανὲς τῆς κατασκοπῆς ἔργον ἀπολέσαι· ἵνα μήτε Οὐολούσκοις ἀφορμὴν παράσχωσιν εὐπρεπῆ τοῦ πολέμου πρεσβευτῶν ἀνῃρῆσθαι σώματα σκηπτομένοις παρὰ τὸν ἁπάντων νόμον, μήτε τοῖς ἄλλοις ἔχθρας πρόφασιν αἰτίας εἰ καὶ ψευδοῦς, ἀλλʼ οὐκ ἀλόγου γε οὐδὲ ἀπίστου.
When the writings had been read and the captives had related the instructions they had received, the multitude rushed to stone the Volscians as spies caught in the very act. But Postumius did not think that good men ought to become like the bad, saying that it was better and more magnanimous to reserve their anger for those who sent them rather than for those who were sent, and to release the men because of the clear name of an embassy rather than to destroy them because of the hidden work of spying, so that they might neither afford the Volscians a plausible pretext for war by pretending that the persons of ambassadors had been slain contrary to the law of all nations, nor give others a ground of accusation and enmity, even if false, yet neither unreasonable nor incredible.

Notes

  1. 1075ὕστεροι τῆς μάχης — The adjective `ὕστεροι` ('later') carries a comparative force and therefore governs the genitive of comparison `τῆς μάχης`.
  2. 1075ὧν — The relative pronoun `ὧν` is attracted into the genitive case of its omitted antecedent (`ἐκείνων`). Grammatically, it would otherwise be the accusative `ἃ` as the direct object of the infinitive `πράττειν`.
  3. 1076ἀφεῖναι — This infinitive depends on `ᾤετο δεῖν` (or is governed by `κρεῖττον εἶναι λέγων`). The comparative conjunction `μᾶλλον ἢ` connects two contrasting infinitive phrases: `ἀφεῖναι τοὺς ἄνδρας` (to release the men) and `ἀπολέσαι` (to destroy them).

Cite this passage

Dionysius of Halicarnassus, Roman Antiquities §6.16.1-6.16.3. Humanitext Reader, https://reader.humanitext.ai/en/text/urn:cts:greekLit:tlg0081.tlg001.humanitext-grc2:6.16.1-6.16.3

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