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Dionysius of Halicarnassus · Roman Antiquities §6.14.1-6.14.3

Approach of the Volscians and Deliberation on Attacking Rome

Passage 420 of 962 · Greek

Summary

While Dictator Postumius is offering victory sacrifices, scouts report the approach of a Volscian army. Upon learning the details of the battle, the Volscian leaders deliberate on whether to launch an immediate assault on the exhausted Romans.

§6.14.1ὁ δὲ Ποστόμιος ἐκείνην μὲν τὴν νύκτα κατεστρατοπέδευσεν ἐν τῷ πεδίῳ, τῇ δʼ ἑξῆς ἡμέρᾳ στεφανώσας τοὺς ἀριστεύσαντας ἐν τῇ μάχῃ καὶ τοὺς αἰχμαλώτους φυλάττεσθαι διαδοὺς ἔθυε τὰ νικητήρια τοῖς θεοῖς.
Postumius encamped that night on the plain, but on the next day, having crowned those who had distinguished themselves in the battle and distributed the prisoners to be guarded, he was sacrificing the victory-offerings to the gods.
ἔτι δʼ αὐτῷ τὸν στέφανον ἐπικειμένῳ καὶ τὰς ὑπερπύρους ἀπαρχὰς τοῖς βωμοῖς ἐπιτιθέντι σκοποί τινες ἀπὸ τῶν μετεώρων καταδραμόντες ἀγγέλλουσι πολέμιον ἐπὶ σφᾶς ἐλαύνειν στρατόν.
While he was still wearing the crown and placing the burnt first-fruits upon the altars, some scouts, running down from the heights, reported that a hostile army was marching against them.
ἦν δʼ ἐκ τοῦ Οὐολούσκων ἔθνους ἐπίλεκτος ἀκμὴ σύμμαχος ἀπεσταλμένη Λατίνοις, πρὶν ἢ τὴν μάχην αὐτῶν ἐπιτελεσθῆναι.
This was a select flower of the nation of the Volscians, sent as allies to the Latins before their battle had been ended.
§6.14.2ὡς δὲ δὴ ταῦτʼ ἔγνω, χωρεῖν ἅπαντας ἐκέλευσεν ἐπὶ τὰ ὅπλα καὶ μένειν ἐν τῷ χάρακι παρὰ ταῖς ἰδίαις ἕκαστον σημαίαις σιγὴν καὶ κόσμον φυλάττοντας, ἕως ἂν αὐτὸς ἃ χρὴ πράττειν παραγγείλῃ.
When indeed he learned this, he ordered everyone to run to arms and to remain in the camp, each by his own standard, keeping silence and order, until he himself should command what was necessary to do.
οἱ δὲ τῶν Οὐολούσκων ἡγεμόνες ἐξ ἀπόπτου τῶν Ῥωμαίων παρεμβαλόντες ὡς εἶδον μεστὸν μὲν τὸ πεδίον νεκρῶν, ὀρθοὺς δὲ τοὺς χάρακας ἀμφοτέρους, προιόντα δʼ ἐκ τῶν ἐρυμάτων οὔτε πολέμιον οὔτε φίλον οὐδένα, τέως μὲν ἐθαύμαζον καὶ τίς ἦν ἡ κατειληφυῖα τύχη τὰ πράγματα ἀπόρως εἶχον συμβάλλειν.
And the leaders of the Volscians, having encamped within sight of the Romans, when they saw the plain full of dead bodies, and both camps standing upright, and no one, either enemy or friend, coming out of the ramparts, for a time they wondered, and they were at a loss to conjecture what fortune had overtaken their affairs.
ἐπεὶ δὲ παρὰ τῶν ἀνασωζομένων ἐκ τῆς τροπῆς ἅπαντα τὰ περὶ τὸν ἀγῶνα ἔμαθον, ἐσκόπουν μετὰ τῶν ἄλλων ἡγεμόνων,
But when they learned everything about the combat from those who had escaped from the rout, they considered with the other leaders what they ought to do.
§6.14.3τί χρὴ πράττειν. τοῖς μὲν οὖν θρασυτάτοις αὐτῶν ἐδόκει κράτιστον εἶναι χωρεῖν ἐπὶ τὸν χάρακα τῶν Ῥωμαίων ἐξ ἐφόδου, τέως πολλοὶ μὲν ἔκαμον ὑπὸ τραυμάτων, ἀπειρήκεσάν θʼ ἅπαντες ὑπὸ κόπου ὅπλα τε ἄχρηστα τοῖς πλείστοις ἦν, τὰ μὲν ἀπεστομωμένα τὰς ἀκμάς, τὰ δὲ κατεαγότα καὶ βοήθεια παρὰ τῶν οἴκοθεν ἀκραιφνὴς οὔπω παρῆν οὐδεμία αὐτοῖς, ἡ δὲ σφῶν αὐτῶν δύναμις πολλή τε οὖσα καὶ ἀγαθὴ καὶ ὡπλισμένη καλῶς ἐμπειροπόλεμός τε καὶ οὐ προσδεχομένοις ἐξαπιναίως παροῦσα, φοβερὰ καὶ τοῖς εὐτολμοτάτοις φανήσεσθαι ἔμελλε.
To the boldest of them, then, it seemed best to march against the camp of the Romans by an immediate assault, while many of the enemy were exhausted by wounds, and all had grown weary from fatigue, and weapons were useless to most of them—some having their edges dulled, others broken—and no fresh assistance from home had yet arrived for them; while their own force, being large and excellent, well-armed, experienced in war, and appearing suddenly to those who did not expect them, was bound to seem terrifying even to the most courageous.

Notes

  1. 6.14.1αὐτῷ τὸν στέφανον ἐπικειμένῳ — The participles `ἐπικειμένῳ` and `ἐπιτιθέντι` agree with the dative pronoun `αὐτῷ`. Instead of a genitive absolute, the author uses a dative of reference (or indirect object of `ἀγγέλλουσι`) with attributive/circumstantial participles to express the temporal clause "while he was still wearing...".
  2. 6.14.3τέως — The adverb `τέως` originally means "meanwhile" or "for a time", but here it is used with a conjunctional force to introduce the background reason ("while...", "since in the meantime..."), explaining the exhausted state of the Romans that justifies an immediate assault.
  3. 6.14.3οὐ προσδεχομένοις — Dative plural present participle, functioning as a dative of reference with `παροῦσα` ("appearing suddenly to those who did not expect them").

Cite this passage

Dionysius of Halicarnassus, Roman Antiquities §6.14.1-6.14.3. Humanitext Reader, https://reader.humanitext.ai/en/text/urn:cts:greekLit:tlg0081.tlg001.humanitext-grc2:6.14.1-6.14.3

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