Humanitext Reader

Dionysius of Halicarnassus · Roman Antiquities §6.12.1-6.12.6

Charge of Postumius and Decisive Roman Victory

Passage 418 of 962 · Greek

Summary

At the Battle of Lake Regillus, both Roman and Latin forces engage in a fierce battle of attrition, resulting in the deaths of several commanders and heroes. Ultimately, the Roman dictator Postumius's charge and the death of the Latin commanders lead to a decisive Roman victory.

§6.12.1ἀποκομισθέντων δʼ ἀμφοτέρων ἐκ τῆς μάχης ὁ τεταγμένος αὖθις πρεσβευτὴς Μάρκος Οὐαλέριος τὴν τοῦ ἱππάρχου παρειληφὼς ἡγεμονίαν, ἐπιστὰς σὺν τοῖς ἀμφʼ αὐτὸν ἱππεῦσιν ἐπὶ τοὺς κατὰ πρόσωπον καὶ μικρὸν ἀντισχὼν χρόνον ἐξωθεῖται ταχέως τῆς τάξεως ἐπὶ πολύ·
After both had been carried out of the battle, Marcus Valerius, another legate who had been stationed there, having assumed the command of the master of the horse, advanced with the cavalry about him against those opposed to them; and having held out for a short time, he was quickly pushed back a great distance from his position.
ἧκον δὲ καὶ τούτοις ἐκ τῶν φυγάδων τῶν ἐκ Ῥώμης ἱππέων τε καὶ ψιλῶν βοήθειαι, καὶ ὁ Μαμίλιος ἀνειληφὼς ἐκ τῆς πληγῆς ἑαυτὸν ἤδη παρῆν αὖθις ἄγων πλῆθος ἱππέων τε καὶ πεζῶν καρτερόν·
For reinforcements also came to the enemy from the exiles from Rome, both of cavalry and light-armed troops, and Mamilius, having recovered himself from his wound, was already present again, leading a strong force of cavalry and infantry.
ἐν τούτῳ τῷ ἀγῶνι ὅ τε πρεσβευτὴς Μάρκος Οὐαλέριος, ὁ τὸν κατὰ Σαβίνων πρῶτος καταγαγὼν θρίαμβον καὶ τὸ φρόνημα τῆς πόλεως τεταπεινωμένον ἐκ τοῦ Τυρρηνικοῦ πταίσματος ἀναστήσας, δόρατι πληγεὶς πίπτει, καὶ περὶ αὐτὸν ἄλλοι Ῥωμαίων πολλοὶ καὶ §6.12.2ἀγαθοί.
In this combat the legate Marcus Valerius—who had been the first to celebrate a triumph over the Sabines and had restored the spirit of the city, which had been humbled by the Etruscan defeat—was struck by a spear and fell, and about him many other brave Romans fell also.
περὶ δὲ τῷ πτώματι αὐτοῦ γίνεται καρτερὸς ἀγὼν Ποπλίου καὶ Μάρκου τῶν Ποπλικόλα παίδων τὸν θεῖον ὑπερασπισάντων.
But over his body a fierce struggle took place, as Publius and Marcus, the sons of Publicola, defended their uncle.
ἐκεῖνον μὲν οὖν ἀσκύλευτόν τε· καὶ μικρὸν ἔτι ἐμπνέοντα τοῖς ὑπασπισταῖς ἀναθέντες ἀπέστειλαν ἐπὶ τὸν χάρακα, αὐτοὶ δʼ εἰς μέσους τοὺς πολεμίους ὑπὸ λήματός τε καὶ προθυμίας ὠσάμενοι καὶ πολλὰ τραύματα λαβόντες, ἀθρόων περιχυθέντων σφίσι τῶν φυγάδων, ἀποθνήσκουσιν ἅμα.
They, then, having placed him on the shields of his squires, sent him back to the camp, unspoiled and still breathing a little; but they themselves, having rushed into the midst of the enemy out of courage and eagerness, and having received many wounds, died together as the exiles poured around them in a mass.
§6.12.3ἐξωθεῖται δὲ μετὰ τοῦτο τὸ πάθος ἡ Ῥωμαίων φάλαγξ ἀπὸ τῶν ἀριστερῶν ἐπὶ πολὺ καὶ μέχρι τῶν μέσων παρερρήγνυτο.
After this disaster the Roman phalanx was pushed back a great distance on the left, and was broken as far as the center.
ἔπειτα μαθὼν ὁ δικτάτωρ τὴν τροπὴν τῶν σφετέρων, ἐβοήθει κατὰ τάχος ἄγων τοὺς περὶ αὐτὸν ἱππεῖς.
Thereupon the dictator, learning of the rout of his men, came to their aid in haste, leading the cavalry about him.
κελεύσας δὲ τὸν ἕτερον πρεσβευτήν, Τῖτον Ἑρμήνιον, ἴλην ἱππέων ἄγοντα κατὰ νώτου χωρεῖν τῆς σφετέρας φάλαγγος καὶ τοὺς φεύγοντας ἐπιστρέφειν, εἰ δὲ μὴ πείθοιντο ἀποκτεῖναι, αὐτὸς ἅμα τοῖς κρατίστοις ἐπὶ τὸ στῖφος ὠθεῖται, κἀπειδὴ πλησίον τῶν πολεμίων ἐγένετο πρῶτος εἰσελαύνει τὸν ἵππον ἀφειμένων τῶν χαλινῶν.
Having ordered the other legate, Titus Herminius, to go with a troop of horse behind their own phalanx and turn back those who fled, or to kill them if they would not obey, he himself with the bravest men rushed against the enemy's dense mass, and when he was near them, he was the first to drive his horse forward with loose reins.
§6.12.4ἀθρόας δὲ γενομένης καὶ καταπληκτικῆς τῆς ἐλάσεως οὐ δεξάμενοι τὸ μανικὸν αὐτῶν καὶ τεθηριωμένον οἱ πολέμιοι τρέπονται καὶ πίπτουσι συχνοί.
The charge being made in a body and being terrifying, the enemy, not receiving their mad and wild onset, turned and fell in great numbers.
ἐν δὲ τούτῳ καὶ ὁ πρεσβευτὴς Ἑρμήνιος ἀνειληφὼς τοὺς φοβηθέντας ἐκ τῆς τροπῆς τῶν σφετέρων ἦγεν ἐπὶ τοὺς περὶ τὸν Μαμίλιον συνεστῶτας· καὶ συμπεσὼν αὐτῷ μεγίστῳ τε ὄντι καὶ ῥώμην ἀρίστῳ τῶν καθʼ αὑτὸν ἐκεῖνόν τʼ ἀποκτείνει καὶ αὐτὸς ἐν τῷ σκυλεύειν τὸν νεκρὸν πληγεὶς ὑπό τινος ξίφει διὰ τῆς λαγόνος ἀποθνήσκει.
Meanwhile, the legate Herminius, having rallied those who had been frightened by the rout of their men, led them against those who stood around Mamilius; and having clashed with him, who was the tallest and strongest of his contemporaries, he killed him, but was himself killed, being struck with a sword through the flank by someone while he was stripping the corpse.
§6.12.5Σέξτος δὲ Ταρκύνιος τοῦ λαιοῦ τῶν Λατίνων κέρατος ἡγούμενος ἀντεῖχεν ἔτι τοῖς δεινοῖς καὶ τοὺς ἐπὶ τοῦ δεξιοῦ τῶν Ῥωμαίων κέρατος ἐξεώθει τῆς στάσεως· ὡς δὲ τὸν Ποστόμιον ἐθεάσατο σὺν τοῖς ἐπιλέκτοις ἱππεῦσιν ἐπιφερόμενον ἀπογνοὺς ἁπάσης· ἐλπίδος εἰς μέσους αὐτοὺς ἵεται·
But Sextus Tarquinius, who commanded the left wing of the Latins, still held out against the dangers and was pushing those on the right wing of the Romans from their position; but when he saw Postumius charging with the select cavalry, having given up all hope, he threw himself into the midst of them.
ἔνθα δὴ κυκλωθεὶς ὑπὸ τῶν Ῥωμαίων ἱππέων τε καὶ πεζῶν καὶ βαλλόμενος πανταχόθεν ὥσπερ θηρίον, οὐκ ἄνευ τοῦ πολλοὺς ἀποκτεῖναι τῶν ὁμόσε χωρησάντων ἀποθνήσκει.
There, surrounded by the Roman cavalry and infantry and struck from all sides like a wild beast, he died, not without killing many of those who came to close quarters with him.
πεσόντων δὲ τῶν ἡγεμόνων, ἀθρόα γίνεται πάντων αὐτίκα τῶν Λατίνων φυγὴ καὶ τοῦ χάρακος αὐτῶν ἐρήμου καταλειφθέντος ὑπὸ τῶν φυλάκων ἅλωσις, ὅθεν οἱ Ῥωμαῖοι πολλὰς καὶ καλὰς ἔλαβον ὠφελείας.
When the commanders had fallen, there was immediately a general flight of all the Latins, and their camp, being left deserted by the guards, was captured, whence the Romans obtained many valuable spoils.
§6.12.6συμφορά τε αὕτη μεγίστη Λατίνοις ἐγένετο, διʼ ἣν ἐπὶ πλεῖστον ἐκακώθησαν, καὶ φθόρος σωμάτων, ὅσος οὔπω πρότερον· ἀπὸ γὰρ τετρακισμυρίων πεζῶν καὶ τρισχιλίων ἱππέων, ὥσπερ ἔφην, οἱ λειφθέντες ἐλάττους μυρίων ἐσώθησαν ἐπὶ τὰ σφέτερα.
This was the greatest disaster that befell the Latins, by which they were ruined to the greatest degree, and there was a destruction of lives such as had never happened before; for of forty thousand infantry and three thousand cavalry, as I said, those who survived and escaped to their own territory were fewer than ten thousand.

Notes

  1. 6.12.1ὁ τεταγμένος αὖθις πρεσβευτὴς — Regarding the syntax of αὖθις ("again", "in turn"). Here it modifies τεταγμένος ("having been stationed"), meaning "the other legate who had been stationed in his turn." While it could theoretically be taken with παρειληφὼς ("having assumed"), the word order strongly supports its association with τεταγμένος, contrasting his original pre-positioned status with the active commanders mentioned before.
  2. 6.12.1ὁ τὸν κατὰ Σαβίνων πρῶτος καταγαγὼν θρίαμβον καὶ τὸ φρόνημα τῆς πόλεως τεταπεινωμένον ἐκ τοῦ Τυρρηνικοῦ πταίσματος ἀναστήσας — A long parenthetical participial phrase (with καταγαγὼν and ἀναστήσας) appositive to the subject Μάρκος Οὐαλέριος. Before reaching the main verb πίπτει ("falls"), this insertion praises his past achievements: celebrating the first triumph over the Sabines and reviving the Roman morale. τεταπεινωμένον is a perfect passive participle modifying τὸ φρόνημα ("the spirit").
  3. 6.12.5οὐκ ἄνευ τοῦ πολλοὺς ἀποκτεῖναι τῶν ὁμόσε χωρησάντων — A double negative construction using οὐκ ἄνευ ("not without") followed by the genitive articular infinitive (τοῦ ... ἀποκτεῖναι). Literally, "not without killing many of those who advanced against him," emphasizing Sextus's fierce last stand where he dragged many enemies down with him. τῶν ὁμόσε χωρησάντων is a partitive genitive depending on πολλοὺς.

Cite this passage

Dionysius of Halicarnassus, Roman Antiquities §6.12.1-6.12.6. Humanitext Reader, https://reader.humanitext.ai/en/text/urn:cts:greekLit:tlg0081.tlg001.humanitext-grc2:6.12.1-6.12.6

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