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Dionysius of Halicarnassus · Roman Antiquities §5.8.1-5.8.6

Brutus Condemning and Executing His Own Sons

Passage 337 of 962 · Greek

Summary

Brutus, having discovered evidence that his own sons were involved in the conspiracy, sentences them to death. Despite the pleas and lamentations of the crowd, he relentlessly witnesses their scourging and execution by beheading in the forum, maintaining an unwavering and tearless composure throughout.

§5.8.1τὰ δὲ μετὰ ταῦτα ἔργα θατέρου τῶν ὑπάτων Βρούτου μεγάλα καὶ θαυμαστὰ λέγειν ἔχων, ἐφʼ οἷς μέγιστα φρονοῦσι Ῥωμαῖοι, δέδοικα μὴ σκληρὰ καὶ ἄπιστα τοῖς Ἕλλησι δόξω λέγειν, ἐπειδὴ πεφύκασιν ἅπαντες ἀπὸ τῶν ἰδίων παθῶν τὰ περὶ τῶν ἄλλων λεγόμενα κρίνειν καὶ τὸ πιστὸν ἄπιστον ἐφʼ ἑαυτοὺς ποιεῖν· ἐρῶ δʼ οὖν ὅμως.
Now, although I am able to speak of the great and wonderful deeds done after this by Brutus, one of the consuls, in which the Romans take the greatest pride, I fear that I may seem to the Greeks to speak of things that are harsh and incredible, since all men are naturally inclined to judge what is said about others by their own experiences, and to make what is incredible to themselves incredible also for others; nevertheless, I shall speak.
§5.8.2ἐπειδὴ γὰρ ἡμέρα τάχιστα ἐγένετο, καθίσας ἐπὶ τὸ βῆμα καὶ τὰς ἐπιστολὰς τῶν ἐν τῇ συνωμοσίᾳ διασκεπτόμενος, ὡς εὗρε τὰς ὑπὸ τῶν υἱῶν γραφείσας ταῖς σφραγῖσιν ἑκατέραν γνωρίσας καὶ μετὰ τὸ λῦσαι τὰ σημεῖα τοῖς χειρογράφοις, ἀναγνωσθῆναι πρῶτον ἐκέλευσεν ἀμφοτέρας ὑπὸ τοῦ γραμματέως εἰς τὴν ἁπάντων τῶν παρόντων ἀκοήν· ἔπειτα λέγειν ἐκέλευσε τοῖς παισίν, εἴ τι βούλονται.
For as soon as day came, having seated himself upon the tribunal and examining the letters of those in the conspiracy, when he found those written by his sons, having recognized each of them by their seals, and, after breaking the seals, by their handwritings, he ordered both to be read first by the secretary within the hearing of all those present; then he ordered the boys to speak, if they wished to say anything.
§5.8.3ὡς δʼ οὐκ ἐτόλμησεν αὐτῶν οὐδέτερος πρὸς ἄρνησιν ἀναιδῆ τραπέσθαι, ἀλλὰ κατεψηφικότες ἑαυτῶν ἔκλαιον ἀμφότεροι, ὀλίγον δʼ ἐπισχὼν χρόνον ἀνίσταται καὶ σιωπὴν προκηρύξας ἐκδεχομένων ἁπάντων, τί τέλος ἐξοίσει, θάνατον ἔφη καταδικάζειν τῶν τέκνων· ἐφʼ ᾧ πάντες ἀνέκραγον οὐκ ἀξιοῦντες τοιοῦτον ἄνδρα ζημιωθῆναι τέκνων θανάτῳ καὶ χαρίζεσθαι τὰς ψυχὰς τῶν μειρακίων ἐβούλοντο τῷ πατρί.
Since neither of them dared to turn to a shameless denial, but both were weeping, having already condemned themselves, he rose after waiting a short time, and having proclaimed silence while everyone was waiting to see what end he would bring, he declared that he condemned his children to death; at which everyone cried out, not thinking it right that such a man should be punished with the death of his children, and they wished to grant the lives of the youths to the father.
§5.8.4ὁ δʼ οὔτε τὰς φωνὰς αὐτῶν οὔτε τὰς οἰμωγὰς ἀνασχόμενος ἐκέλευσε τοῖς ὑπηρέταις ἀπάγειν τοὺς νεανίσκους ὀλοφυρομένους καὶ ἀντιβολοῦντας καὶ ταῖς φιλτάταις αὐτὸν ἀνακαλουμένους προσηγορίαις.
But he, enduring neither their voices nor their lamentations, ordered the attendants to lead away the young men as they were wailing and entreating and calling upon him by the dearest names.
θαυμαστὸν μὲν καὶ τοῦτο πᾶσιν ἐφάνη τὸ μηδὲν ἐνδοῦναι τὸν ἄνδρα μήτε πρὸς τὰς δεήσεις τῶν πολιτῶν μήτε πρὸς τοὺς οἴκτους τῶν τέκτων, πολλῷ δʼ ἔτι τούτου θαυμασιώτερον τὸ περὶ τὰς τιμωρίας αὐτῶν ἀμείλικτον.
This also appeared wonderful to all, that the man yielded nothing either to the entreaties of the citizens or to the pitiable cries of his children, but far more wonderful even than this was his ruthlessness regarding their punishment.
§5.8.5οὔτε γὰρ ἄλλοθί που συνεχώρησεν ἀπαχθέντας τοὺς υἱοὺς ἔξω τῆς ἁπάντων ὄψεως ἀποθανεῖν, οὔτʼ αὐτὸς ἐκ τῆς ἀγορᾶς ὑπανεχώρησεν, ἕως ἐκεῖνοι κολασθῶσι, τὴν δεινὴν θέαν ἐκτρεπόμενος, οὔτʼ ἄνευ προπηλακισμοῦ ἀφῆκεν αὐτοῖς τὴν ἐψηφισμένην ἐκπληρῶσαι μοῖραν· ἀλλὰ πάντα τὰ περὶ τὰς τιμωρίας ἔθη καὶ νόμιμα φυλάττων, ὅσα τοῖς κακούργοις ἀπόκειται παθεῖν, ἐν ἀγορᾷ πάντων ὁρώντων αἰκισθέντας τὰ σώματα πληγαῖς, αὐτὸς ἅπασι τοῖς γιγνομένοις παρών, τότε συνεχώρησε τοὺς αὐχένας τοῖς πελέκεσιν ἀποκοπῆναι.
For he neither permitted his sons to be led away somewhere else to die out of the sight of all, nor did he himself withdraw from the forum until they were punished, to turn away from the terrible sight, nor did he allow them to fulfill the decreed fate without ignominy; but keeping all the customs and laws regarding punishments, as many as are laid down for malefactors to suffer, after their bodies had been scourged with stripes in the forum while all were looking on, being himself present at everything that took place, he then permitted their necks to be cut off with the axes.
§5.8.6ὑπὲρ ἅπαντα δὲ τὰ παράδοξα καὶ θαυμαστὰ τοῦ ἀνδρὸς τὸ ἀτενὲς τῆς ὄψεως καὶ ἄτεγκτον ἦν· ὅς γε τῶν ἄλλων ἁπάντων ὅσοι τῷ πάθει παρεγένοντο κλαιόντων μόνος οὔτʼ ἀνακλαυσάμενος ὤφθη τὸν μόρον τῶν τέκνων οὔτʼ ἀποιμώξας ἑαυτὸν τῆς καθεξούσης τὸν οἶκον ἐρημίας οὔτʼ ἄλλο μαλακὸν οὐθὲν ἐνδούς, ἀλλʼ ἄδακρύς τε καὶ ἀστένακτος καὶ ἀτενὴς διαμένων εὐκαρδίως ἤνεγκε τὴν συμφοράν.
But above all the extraordinary and wonderful characteristics of the man was the steadfastness and unyielding nature of his countenance; for while all the others who were present at the calamity were weeping, he alone was seen neither weeping for the fate of his children, nor lamenting for himself because of the desolation that would possess his house, nor yielding to any other weakness, but remaining tearless, without sighing, and unmoved, he bore the misfortune with fortitude.
οὕτως ἰσχυρὸς ἦν τὴν γνώμην καὶ βέβαιος τὰ κριθέντα διατηρεῖν καὶ τῶν ἐπιταραττόντων τοὺς λογισμοὺς παθῶν καρτερός.
So strong was he in his mind and firm in maintaining his decisions, and powerful over the passions that disturb the reason.

Notes

  1. 860λέγειν ἔχων — When the verb ἔχω is followed by an infinitive (here λέγειν), it functions with the meaning "to be able to (can)." Here it is used as a participle with a concessive sense ("although I am able to speak").
  2. 861ἐκδεχομένων ἁπάντων, τί τέλος ἐξοίσει — The phrase ἐκδεχομένων ἁπάντων is a genitive absolute ("while everyone was waiting"). The following clause, τί τέλος ἐξοίσει, is an indirect question acting as the object of the participle ἐκδεχομένων.
  3. 862ὅς γε ... ὤφθη ... ἤνεγκε — The relative pronoun ὅς combined with the particle γε indicates a causal relationship ("inasmuch as he," "since he indeed"). The verb ὤφθη means "was seen to be," and along with several coordinate οὔτε clauses of negation, it leads to the main verb ἤνεγκε.

Cite this passage

Dionysius of Halicarnassus, Roman Antiquities §5.8.1-5.8.6. Humanitext Reader, https://reader.humanitext.ai/en/text/urn:cts:greekLit:tlg0081.tlg001.humanitext-grc2:5.8.1-5.8.6

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