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Dionysius of Halicarnassus · Roman Antiquities §5.45.1-5.45.4

Rejection of Sabine Demands and Confrontation at Eretum

Passage 374 of 962 · Greek

Summary

In response to the arrogant demands of the Sabines, the Romans countered with strict terms and prepared for war, with both armies confronting each other near Eretum.

§5.45.1Ῥωμαῖοι δʼ ἀγανακτοῦντες ἐπὶ τῇ συμφορᾷ καὶ τὸν ἕτερον τῶν ὑπάτων Ποστόμιον ἐν αἰτίαις ἔχοντες ἔγνωσαν ἁπάσαις δυνάμεσι στρατεύειν κατὰ τάχος ἐπὶ τὴν Σαβίνων γῆν, τήν τε ἧτταν αἰσχρὰν καὶ ἀνέλπιστον γενομένην ἐπανορθῶσαι προθυμούμενοι, καὶ ἐπὶ τῇ νεωστὶ ἀφικομένῃ παρὰ τῶν πολεμίων πρεσβείᾳ πολλὴν ὕβρις ἐχούσῃ καὶ αὐθάδειαν ἀχθόμενοι.
The Romans, being indignant at the disaster and holding the other of the consuls, Postumius, in blame, were eager to repair the defeat which had become shameful and unexpected, and being annoyed at the embassy recently arrived from the enemy, which was full of insolence and arrogance, decided to march with all their forces in haste against the land of the Sabines.
§5.45.2ὡς γὰρ δὴ κρατοῦντες ἤδη καὶ δίχα πόνου τὴν Ῥώμην αἱρήσοντες αὐτῶν μὴ βουλομένων τὰ κελευόμενα ποιεῖν, Ταρκυνίοις τε διδόναι τὴν κάθοδον ἐκέλευον καὶ τῆς ἡγεμονίας σφίσι παραχωρεῖν πολιτείαν τε καταστήσασθαι καὶ νόμους, οὓς ἂν οἱ κεκρατηκότες τάξωσιν.
For as if they were already conquerors and would take Rome without trouble if the Romans were unwilling to do what was commanded, they ordered them to grant the return of the Tarquins, to yield the hegemony to them, and to establish a constitution and laws which the conquerors should ordain.
ἀποκρινάμενοι δὲ τοῖς πρεσβευταῖς ἀπαγγέλλειν πρὸς τὸ κοινόν, ὅτι Ῥωμαῖοι κελεύουσι Σαβίνους ὅπλα τʼ ἀποθέσθαι καὶ παραδοῦναι σφίσι τὰς πόλεις ὑπηκόους τʼ εἶναι πάλιν, ὥσπερ πρότερον ἦσαν, ταῦτα δὲ ποιήσαντας ἥκειν τότε περὶ ὧν ἠδίκησαν ἢ κατέβλαψαν αὐτοὺς ἐν ταῖς πρότερον εἰσβολαῖς δεησομένους, εἰ βούλονται τυχεῖν εἰρήνης καὶ φιλίας· ἐὰν δὲ μὴ ποιῶσι τὰ κελευόμενα προσδέχεσθαι τὸν πόλεμον ἥξοντα ἐπὶ τὰς πόλεις αὐτῶν οὐκ εἰς μακράν. §5.45.3τοιαῦτα ἐπιταχθέντες τε καὶ ἐπιτάξαντες ἀλλήλοις, ἐπειδὴ πᾶσιν ἐξηρτύσαντο τοῖς εἰς τὸν ἀγῶνα ἐπιτηδείοις, ἐξῆγον τὰς δυνάμεις, Σαβῖνοί τε τὴν κρατίστην ἐξ ἁπάσης πόλεως νεότητα ὅπλοις ἐκπρεπέσι κεκοσμημένην ἐπαγόμενοι, Ῥωμαῖοί τε πᾶσαν τὴν δύναμιν τήν τε κατὰ πόλιν καὶ τὴν ἐν τοῖς φρουρίοις ἀναλαβόντες, ἱκανοὺς οἰόμενοι τοὺς ὑπὲρ τὴν στρατεύσιμον ἡλικίαν γεγονότας καὶ τὸν οἰκετικὸν ὄχλον τήν τε πόλιν καὶ τὰ ἐπὶ τῆς χώρας ἐρύματα φυλάττειν.
But the Romans, answering the ambassadors, told them to report back to their state: "The Romans command the Sabines to lay down their arms, surrender their cities, and be subject again as they were before; and having done these things, to come at that time to make supplication for the wrongs and damage they did to them in their former invasions, if they wish to obtain peace and friendship; but if they do not do what is commanded, let them expect war to come upon their cities before long." Having received and delivered such ultimatums to one another, when they had prepared everything suitable for the struggle, they led out their forces; the Sabines leading the best youth from every city, adorned with splendid arms, and the Romans taking their entire force, both that in the city and that in the garrisons, thinking that those who were past military age and the crowd of slaves were sufficient to guard both the city and the strongholds in the country.
§5.45.4καὶ συνελθόντες ὁμόσε τίθενται τοὺς χάρακας ἀμφότεροι μικρὸν ἀπέχοντας ἀλλήλων Ἠρήτου πόλεως, ἣ τοῦ Σαβίνων ἐστὶν ἔθνους, οὐ πρόσω.
And coming together, they both pitched their camps a short distance from one another, not far from the city of Eretum, which belongs to the Sabine nation.

Notes

  1. 5.45.1ἐν αἰτίαις ἔχοντες — An idiomatic expression meaning "holding someone in blame/reproach" (from ἐν αἰτίᾳ ἔχω, here in the plural). It reflects the public dissatisfaction with Postumius's rash military action described in the previous section.
  2. 5.45.2ὡς γὰρ δὴ κρατοῦντες... αἱρήσοντες — The construction of ὡς + participles (κρατοῦντες in the present, αἱρήσοντες in the future). It expresses a subjective assumption or pretension ("as if they were already conquerors and about to take..."), reflecting the insolent attitude of the enemy.
  3. 5.45.2αὐτῶν μὴ βουλομένων — A genitive absolute construction with the negative μὴ, functioning here as a conditional clause ("if they [the Romans] should not wish...").
  4. 5.45.2δεησομένους — Future active participle in the accusative plural, modifying the implied subject of the infinitive ἥκειν (the Sabines), expressing purpose ("in order to make supplication").
  5. 5.45.3τοιαῦτα ἐπιταχθέντες τε καὶ ἐπιτάξαντες ἀλλήλοις — Contrast between the passive participle (ἐπιταχθέντες: having been commanded/demanded) and the active participle (ἐπιτάξαντες: having commanded/demanded). It shows that both sides had laid down mutual and uncompromising ultimatums to one another.

Cite this passage

Dionysius of Halicarnassus, Roman Antiquities §5.45.1-5.45.4. Humanitext Reader, https://reader.humanitext.ai/en/text/urn:cts:greekLit:tlg0081.tlg001.humanitext-grc2:5.45.1-5.45.4

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