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Dionysius of Halicarnassus · Roman Antiquities §5.41.1-5.41.5

The Sabine Plot for a Night Attack and Its Betrayal to Valerius

Passage 370 of 962 · Greek

Summary

As the Sabine and Roman armies face each other in their camps, the Sabine general Sextus plans a night attack, but his design is leaked to the Roman consul Valerius by a deserter and prisoners.

§5.41.1ἐπεὶ δὲ παρεσκεύαστο ἅπαντα ἀμφοτέροις, πρῶτον μὲν ἐξῆγον οἱ Σαβῖνοι τὰς δυνάμεις καὶ ποιοῦνται δύο παρεμβολὰς μίαν μὲν ὕπαιθρον οὐ πρόσω Φιδήνης, ἑτέραν δʼ ἐν αὐτῇ Φιδήνῃ φυλακῆς τε τῶν ἔνδον ἕνεκα καὶ καταφυγῆς τῶν ἔξω στρατοπεδευόντων, ἄν τι γένηται πταῖσμα περὶ αὐτούς.
When all preparations had been made on both sides, the Sabines first led out their forces and established two camps, one in the open country not far from Fidenae, and the other in Fidenae itself, both for the guard of those within and as a place of refuge for those encamped outside, in case any reverse should befall them.
ἔπειτα οἱ τῶν Ῥωμαίων ὕπατοι μαθόντες τὴν τῶν Σαβίνων ἐπὶ σφᾶς ἔλασιν καὶ αὐτοὶ πάντας ἄγοντες τοὺς ἐν ἀκμῇ στρατοπεδεύονται χωρὶς ἀλλήλων, Οὐαλέριος μὲν ἀγχοῦ τῆς ὑπαίθρου τῶν Σαβίνων παρεμβολῆς, Λουκρήτιος §5.41.2δʼ ὀλίγον ἄπωθεν ἐπʼ ὄχθου τινός, ὅθεν ἦν ὁ ἕτερος χάραξ καταφανής.
Then the Roman consuls, learning of the march of the Sabines against them, also led out all those of military age and encamped apart from each other, Valerius near the open-air camp of the Sabines, and Lucretius a little distance away on a certain hill, from which the other camp was visible.
ἡ μὲν οὖν τῶν Ῥωμαίων ὑπόληψις ἦν, ὡς ἐν ἀγῶνι φανερῷ τοῦ πολέμου ταχείαν ἕξοντος τὴν κρίσιν, ὁ δὲ τῶν Σαβίνων στρατηγὸς ὀρρωδῶν ἐκ τοῦ φανεροῦ συμφέρεσθαι πρὸς εὐτολμίαν τε καὶ καρτερίαν ἀνθρώπων ἅπαντα τὰ δεινὰ ὑπομένειν ἑτοίμων νύκτωρ ἐπιχειρεῖν αὐτοῖς ἔγνω·
Now the expectation of the Romans was that the war would have a speedy decision in an open battle, but the general of the Sabines, fearing to clash openly with men who were ready to undergo all dangers for the sake of bravery and endurance, resolved to attack them by night.
§5.41.3καὶ παρασκευασάμενος τάφρου τε χώσει καὶ χάρακος ἐπιβάσει ἃ πρόσφορα εἶναι ἔμελλεν, ἐπειδὴ πάντα ἐγένετο τὰ πρὸς τὸν ἀγῶνα εὐτρεπῆ, μετὰ τὸν πρῶτον ὕπνον ἀναστήσας τὸ κράτιστον τοῦ στρατοῦ μέρος ἄξειν ἐπὶ τὸ τῶν Ῥωμαίων ἔμελλεν ἔρυμα, τοῖς τʼ ἐν Φιδήνῃ κατεστρατοπεδευκόσι παρήγγειλεν, ἐπειδὰν ἐξεληλυθότας αἴσθωνται τοὺς σφετέρους ἐξιέναι καὶ αὐτοὺς ἐκ τῆς πόλεως κούφῃ ἐσταλμένους ὁπλίσει·
And having prepared what was likely to be useful for filling up the ditch and scaling the rampart, when everything was ready for the contest, he rouses the best part of his army after the first sleep and was about to lead them against the Roman fortification; and he commanded those who were encamped in Fidenae, as soon as they perceived that their own men had gone out, to sally forth themselves from the city equipped with light armour.
ἔπειτα λοχήσαντας ἐν χωρίοις ἐπιτηδείοις ἐκέλευσεν, εἴ τινες ἐπίκουροι τοῖς περὶ τὸν Οὐαλέριον ἐκ τῆς ἑτέρας στρατιᾶς ἐπίοιεν, ἀναστάντας καὶ κατὰ νώτου γενομένους σὺν βοῇ τε καὶ πατάγῳ πολλῷ χωρεῖν ἐπʼ αὐτούς.
Then, having ordered them to lie in ambush in convenient places, if any reinforcements should come from the other army to those under Valerius, they were to rise up, get in their rear, and advance upon them with a great shout and much noise.
§5.41.4ὁ μὲν δὴ Σέξτος ταῦτα βουλευσάμενος καὶ τοῖς λοχαγοῖς φράσας, ἐπειδὴ κἀκείνοις ἦν βουλομένοις, περιέμεινε τὸν καιρόν·
Sextus, having formed this plan and told it to his captains, waited for the proper moment, since it was also to their liking.
αὐτόμολος δέ τις ἐλθὼν εἰς τὸν χάρακα τῶν Ῥωμαίων μηνύει τὴν διάνοιαν αὐτοῦ πρὸς τὸν ὕπατον, καὶ μετʼ οὐ πολὺ τῶν ἱππέων τινὲς ἧκον ἄγοντες αἰχμαλώτους τῶν Σαβίνων, οὓς ἐπὶ ξυλισμὸν ἐξεληλυθότας συνέλαβον.
But a deserter came to the camp of the Romans and disclosed his intention to the consul; and not long after, some of the horsemen arrived bringing Sabine prisoners whom they had captured when they had gone out for wood.
οὗτοι χωρὶς ἀλλήλων ἀνακρινόμενοι, τί παρασκευάζεται· πράττειν σφῶν ὁ στρατηγός, λέγουσιν, ὅτι κλίμακας τεκταίνεται καὶ διαβάθρας· ὅπου δʼ αὐταῖς καὶ ὁπότε μέλλοι χρῆσθαι, οὐκ ἔφασαν εἰδέναι.
These men, being questioned apart from one another as to what their general was preparing to do, said that he was constructing ladders and gangways, but they said they did not know where or when he intended to use them.
§5.41.5ταῦτα μαθὼν ὁ Οὐαλέριος ἀποστέλλει τὸν πρεσβευτὴν Λάρκιον εἰς τὸν ἕτερον χάρακα τήν τε διάνοιαν τῶν πολεμίων ἀπαγγελοῦντα τῷ κατέχοντι τὴν παρεμβολὴν ἐκείνην Λουκρητίῳ, καὶ τίνα χρὴ τρόπον ἐπιχειρεῖν τοῖς πολεμίοις ὑποθησόμενον· αὐτὸς δὲ τοὺς ταξιάρχους καὶ λοχαγοὺς καλέσας καὶ φράσας ὅσα τοῦ τʼ αὐτομόλου καὶ τῶν αἰχμαλώτων ἤκουσε καὶ παρακαλέσας ἄνδρας ἀγαθοὺς εἶναι καιρὸν εἰληφέναι νομίσαντας εὐχῆς ἄξιον, ἐν ᾧ δίκας λήψονται παρὰ τῶν ἐχθρῶν καλάς, ἅ τε δέοι πράττειν ἑκάστοις ὑποθέμενος καὶ τὸ σύνθημα δοὺς ἀπέλυσεν ἐπὶ τὰς τάξεις.
Valerius, on learning this, dispatched the legate Larcius to the other camp to report the intention of the enemy to Lucretius, who held that camp, and to suggest in what manner he ought to attack the enemy; while he himself, having called together the tribunes and centurions and told them all that he had heard from the deserter and the prisoners, exhorted them to be brave men, considering that they had found an opportunity worthy of their prayers, in which they would take handsome satisfaction from their enemies, and having suggested to each what they ought to do and given them the watchword, he dismissed them to their posts.

Notes

  1. p.v.2p.198τοῦ πολέμου ταχείαν ἕξοντος τὴν κρίσιν — A genitive absolute construction introduced by ὡς, expressing a subjective expectation or belief. It functions in apposition to explain the specific content of the noun ὑπόληψις ('expectation').
  2. 940ἐκείνοις ἦν βουλομένοις — A classic Greek idiomatic construction combining a dative of interest (ἐκείνοις), the copula (ἦν), and the dative participle of volition (βουλομένοις), meaning 'it was to their liking' or 'they were willing.'

Cite this passage

Dionysius of Halicarnassus, Roman Antiquities §5.41.1-5.41.5. Humanitext Reader, https://reader.humanitext.ai/en/text/urn:cts:greekLit:tlg0081.tlg001.humanitext-grc2:5.41.1-5.41.5

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