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Dionysius of Halicarnassus · Roman Antiquities §5.4.1-5.4.3

Tarquin's Envoys Petition the Senate for Return

Passage 333 of 962 · Greek

Summary

The envoys of Tarquin petition the Roman senate for his safe return to offer his defense before the senate and the assembly, promising to submit to trial. They propose that if acquitted, he will either rule under citizens' terms or live as an equal citizen, entreating the senate to show moderation and justice.

§5.4.1οὗτοι οἱ ἄνδρες εἰς Ῥώμην ἐλθόντες ἔλεγον ἐπὶ τῆς βουλῆς, Ὅτι Ταρκύνιος ἀξιοῖ λαβὼν ἄδειαν ἐλθεῖν σὺν ὀλίγοις πρῶτον μὲν ἐπὶ τὸ συνέδριον, ὥσπερ ἐστὶ δίκαιον· ἔπειτʼ ἂν λάβῃ παρὰ τῆς βουλῆς τὸ συγχώρημα τότε καὶ ἐπὶ τὴν ἐκκλησίαν ἐλθεῖν λόγον ὑφέξων ὑπὲρ ἁπάντων ὧν ἔπραξεν, ἀφʼ οὗ τὴν ἀρχὴν παρέλαβε, καὶ δικασταῖς χρησόμενος ἐάν τις αὐτοῦ §5.4.2κατηγορήσῃ πᾶσι Ῥωμαίοις.
These men, having come to Rome, said before the senate that Tarquin requests that, having received a guarantee of safety, he may come first to the senate-house with a few men, as is just; and then, if he receives permission from the senate, he may at that time also come to the assembly to give an account of all that he has done since he took over the government, and to employ all Romans as judges, if anyone accuses him.
ἀπολογηθεὶς δὲ καὶ πείσας ἅπαντας, ὡς οὐδὲν ἄξιον εἴργασται φυγῆς, ἐὰν μὲν ἀποδῶσιν αὐτῷ τὴν βασιλείαν αὖθις, ἄρξειν ἐφʼ οἷς ἂν ὁρίσωσιν οἱ πολῖται δικαίοις, ἐὰν δὲ μηκέτι βασιλεύεσθαι προαιρῶνται καθάπερ ἔμπροσθεν, ἀλλʼ ἑτέραν τινὰ καταστήσασθαι πολιτείαν, μένων ἐν τῇ πόλει πατρίδι οὔσῃ καὶ τὸν ἴδιον οἶκον ἔχων πολιτεύσεσθαι μετὰ πάντων ἐξ ἴσου, φυγῆς δʼ ἀπηλλάχθαι καὶ πλάνης.
And having made his defence and persuaded everyone that he has done nothing worthy of exile, if they should restore the kingship to him again, he will rule on such just terms as the citizens shall define; but if they prefer no longer to be ruled by a king as before, but to establish some other form of government, he will remain in the city which is his fatherland, and having his own household, will take part in public life on an equal footing with all, and be delivered from exile and wandering.
§5.4.3ταῦτα διεξελθόντες ἐδέοντο τῆς βουλῆς, μάλιστα μὲν διὰ τὸ δίκαιον, ὃ πᾶσιν ἀνθρώποις καθέστηκε, μηθένα λόγου καὶ κρίσεως ἀποστερεῖν, συγχωρῆσαι τῷ ἀνδρὶ τὴν ἀπολογίαν, ἧς αὐτοὶ γενήσονται δικασταί· εἰ δʼ ἐκείνῳ ταύτην οὐ βούλονται δοῦναι τὴν χάριν, τῆς δεομένης ὑπὲρ αὐτοῦ πόλεως ἕνεκα μετριάσαι, δωρεὰν αὐτῇ διδόντας, ἐξ ἧς οὐδὲν αὐτοὶ βλαπτόμενοι μεγάλην δόξουσι τιμὴν κατατίθεσθαι τῇ λαμβανούσῃ, ἀνθρώπους δʼ ὄντας μηδὲν ὑπὲρ τὴν φύσιν τὴν ἀνθρωπίνην φρονεῖν μηδʼ ἀθανάτους ἔχειν τὰς ὀργὰς ἐν θνητοῖς σώμασιν, ἀλλὰ καὶ παρὰ γνώμην τί πράττειν ἐπιεικὲς ὑπομεῖναι τῶν δεομένων χάριν, ἐνθυμηθέντας, ὅτι φρονίμων μὲν ἀνθρώπων ἔργον ἐστὶ ταῖς φιλίαις χαρίζεσθαι τὰς ἔχθρας, ἀνοήτων δὲ καὶ βαρβάρων τοῖς ἐχθροῖς συναναιρεῖν τοὺς φίλους.
Having gone through these matters, they entreated the senate, chiefly indeed for the sake of justice, which is established among all men, to deprive no one of speech and trial, and to permit the man his defence, of which they themselves would be the judges; but if they did not wish to grant this favor to him, to show moderation for the sake of the city which was entreating on his behalf, by granting it a favor, by which they themselves would suffer no harm, but would be thought to bestow a great honor on the city that received it; and being but men, to have no thoughts above human nature nor to keep an immortal anger in mortal bodies, but even against their inclination to submit to doing something reasonable for the sake of those who entreated them, bearing in mind that it is the part of wise men to sacrifice their enmities to friendships, but of foolish and barbarian men to destroy their friends together with their enemies.

Notes

  1. ¦p.v.2p.143¦δικασταῖς χρησόμενος ἐάν τις αὐτοῦ ¦p.v.2p.143¦ κατηγορήσῃ πᾶσι Ῥωμαίοις — The dative `πᾶσι Ῥωμαίοις` is the object of the future participle `χρησόμενος` (from `χράομαι`), which is separated from it by the conditional clause `ἐάν τις αὐτοῦ κατηγορήσῃ`. `δικασταῖς` functions as a predicate accusative/dative ("to employ all Romans as judges").
  2. ¦851¦ἄρξειν ... πολιτεύσεσθαι ... ἀπηλλάχθαι — These infinitives all depend on the main verb `ἀξιοῖ` (claims/requests) in §5.4.1. Under the condition of the participle clause `ἀπολογηθεὶς δὲ καὶ πείσας ἅπαντας` (after having made his defense and persuaded everyone), `ἄρξειν` is the apodosis of `ἐὰν μὲν...` (if they should restore the kingship), while `πολιτεύσεσθαι` and `ἀπηλλάχθαι` are the apodoses of `ἐὰν δὲ...` (if they prefer to establish another government).
  3. §5.4.3διδόντας ... ὄντας ... ἐνθυμηθέντας — These participles are in the masculine plural accusative. Although the main clause uses the genitive (`ἐδέοντο τῆς βουλῆς`), the senators (the implied accusative subject of the following infinitives `μετριάσαι`, `φρονεῖν`, etc.) are treated as the logical subjects, resulting in this grammatical agreement (constructio ad sensum).

Cite this passage

Dionysius of Halicarnassus, Roman Antiquities §5.4.1-5.4.3. Humanitext Reader, https://reader.humanitext.ai/en/text/urn:cts:greekLit:tlg0081.tlg001.humanitext-grc2:5.4.1-5.4.3

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