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Dionysius of Halicarnassus · Roman Antiquities §5.38.1-5.38.4

Skirmishes at the Anio and Valerius's Crossing

Passage 367 of 962 · Greek

Summary

The Roman and Sabine armies, encamped opposite each other across the Anio, engage in a general battle triggered by a casual skirmish during water-fetching, with the Roman consul Valerius crossing the river first.

§5.38.1ἐκ δὲ τῶν ἑτέρων τοῦ ποταμοῦ μερῶν ἡ τῶν Σαβίνων ἔκειτο παρεμβολὴ τοῦ ῥεύματος οὐδʼ αὐτὴ πολὺν ἀπέχουσα τόπον ἐπὶ γεωλόφου τινὸς ἠρέμα κατακλινοῦς οὐ σφόδρα ἐχυροῦ.
On the other side of the river lay the camp of the Sabines, which itself was not far from the stream, on a hill gently sloping and not very strong.
κατʼ ἀρχὰς μὲν οὖν δι’ εὐλαβείας εἶχον ἀλλήλους ἑκάτεροι καὶ μάχης ἄρχειν διαβάντες τὸν ποταμὸν ὤκνουν, χρόνῳ δʼ ὕστερον οὐ κατὰ λογισμὸν καὶ πρόνοιαν τοῦ συμφέροντος, ἀλλʼ ὑπʼ ὀργῆς τε καὶ φιλονεικίας ἐξαφθέντες συνάπτουσι μάχην.
At first, therefore, they were wary of one another and hesitated to cross the river and begin the battle; but later, not from calculation and foresight of what was advantageous, but inflamed by anger and rivalry, they joined battle.
§5.38.2ὑδρευόμενοι γὰρ καὶ τοὺς ἵππους ἄγοντες ἐπὶ τὸν πότον ἐνέβαινον ἐπὶ πολὺ τοῦ ποταμοῦ· βραχὺς δʼ ἔρρει τηνικαῦτα οὔπω τοῖς χειμερινοῖς ὕδασι πληθύων, ὥστʼ ὀλίγον ὑπὲρ τοῦ γόνατος ἔχοντες αὐτὸν ἐπεραιοῦντο.
For when fetching water and leading their horses to drink, they went far into the river; and it was flowing low at that time, not yet swollen by the winter rains, so that they crossed having it slightly above their knees.
συμπλοκῆς δή τινος πρῶτον ὀλίγοις πρὸς οὐ πολλοὺς γινομένης ἐξέδραμόν τινες ἐπικουροῦντες τοῖς σφετέροις ἐξ ἑκατέρου χάρακος· ἔπειθʼ ἕτεροι πάλιν ἀμυνοῦντες τοῖς κατισχυομένοις ἐκ θατέρου· καὶ τοτὲ μὲν οἱ Ῥωμαῖοι τοὺς Σαβίνους ἀνέστελλον ἀπὸ τοῦ νάματος, τοτὲ δʼ οἱ Σαβῖνοι τοὺς Ῥωμαίους ἐξεῖργον τοῦ ποταμοῦ.
When a skirmish first began between a few on each side, some ran out from each camp to help their own men; then others in turn came from the other side to defend those who were being overpowered; and at one time the Romans would drive the Sabines back from the stream, and at another time the Sabines would exclude the Romans from the river.
§5.38.3πολλῶν δὲ φόνων καὶ τραυμάτων γενομένων καὶ φιλονεικίας ἅπασιν ἐμπεσούσης, οἷα περὶ τὰς ἁψιμαχίας τὰς ἐκ καιροῦ συμπεσούσας γίνεσθαι φιλεῖ, προθυμία τοῖς ἡγεμόσι τῶν στρατοπέδων ὁμοία παρέστη διαβαίνειν τὸν ποταμόν.
As many were killed and wounded, and a spirit of rivalry fell upon all, as is wont to happen in skirmishes arising from chance, a similar eagerness seized the commanders of the camps to cross the river.
§5.38.4ἔφθασε δὲ πρῶτος ὁ τῶν Ῥωμαίων ὕπατος καὶ διαβιβάσας τὸν στρατὸν ἔτι τῶν Σαβίνων ὁπλιζομένων τε καὶ εἰς τάξιν καθισταμένων ἐν χερσὶν ἦν.
But the Roman consul was the first to cross, and having led his army over, he was already hand-to-hand with the Sabines while they were still arming themselves and drawing up in order of battle.
οὐ μὴν ἐμέλλησάν γʼ οὐδʼ ἐκεῖνοι θέσθαι μάχην, καταφρονήσει πολλῇ ἐπαρθέντες, ὅτι οὔτε πρὸς ἀμφοτέρους τοὺς ὑπάτους οὔτε πρὸς ἅπασαν τὴν Ῥωμαίων δύναμιν ἔμελλον ἀγωνιεῖσθαι, καὶ συρράξαντες ἐμάχοντο πᾶσαν εὐτολμίαν καὶ προθυμίαν ἀποδεικνύμενοι.
Nor indeed did they delay to join battle, being raised up by great contempt because they were to fight neither against both consuls nor against the entire power of the Romans; and clashing, they fought, displaying all courage and eagerness.

Notes

  1. 5.38.1δι’ εὐλαβείας εἶχον — A functional verb phrase consisting of the preposition διά with the genitive of an abstract noun and the verb ἔχω, expressing a state of mind or action. Here it means 'to be wary of' or 'to treat with caution', taking the accusative ἀλλήλους as its object.
  2. 5.38.2ὀλίγον ὑπὲρ τοῦ γόνατος ἔχοντες αὐτὸν — The pronoun αὐτόν, which is the object of the participle ἔχοντες, refers to the preceding τὸν ποταμόν (the river). By the figurative expression 'having it (the river) slightly above the knee', it denotes that they crossed with the water depth reaching just above their knees.
  3. 5.38.3οἷα περὶ τὰς ἁψιμαχίας τὰς ἐκ καιροῦ συμπεσούσας γίνεσθαι φιλεῖ — The neuter plural (or singular) accusative of the relative pronoun οἷα functions adverbially to introduce a clause ('as'), followed by the verb φιλεῖ ('is wont to') and the infinitive γίνεσθαι ('to happen'). The whole phrase means 'as is wont to happen in skirmishes arising from chance'.
  4. 5.38.4ἔφθασε δὲ πρῶτος ὁ τῶν Ῥωμαίων ὕπατος καὶ διαβιβάσας τὸν στρατὸν — The verb φθάνω (to anticipate, be first) usually takes a supplementary participle to express 'to do something first.' Here, however, ἔφθασε is used as an independent main verb coordinated by καί with the following action, with the participial clause διαβιβάσας (having led the army over) embedded in between.

Cite this passage

Dionysius of Halicarnassus, Roman Antiquities §5.38.1-5.38.4. Humanitext Reader, https://reader.humanitext.ai/en/text/urn:cts:greekLit:tlg0081.tlg001.humanitext-grc2:5.38.1-5.38.4

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