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Dionysius of Halicarnassus · Roman Antiquities §5.34.1-5.34.5

Porsenna's Expulsion of the Tarquins and Peace with Rome

Passage 363 of 962 · Greek

Summary

Porsena condemned the lawless actions of the Tarquins, expelled them, restored the hostages to the Romans, concluded a peace treaty, and withdrew after bestowing generous gifts upon the city.

§5.34.1ἐφʼ οἷς ἀγανακτῶν ὁ Πορσίνας εἰς ἐκκλησίαν τοὺς Τυρρηνοὺς συνεκάλει καὶ διεξελθών, ὡς ἐπιτρεψάντων αὐτῷ Ῥωμαίων δικάσαι περὶ ὧν ἐνεκαλοῦντο ὑπὸ Ταρκυνίου, πρὶν ἐπιτελεσθῆναι τὴν δίκην εἰς ἱερὰ σώματα πρέσβεών τε καὶ ὁμήρων παρανομεῖν ἐν σπονδαῖς ἐπεχείρησαν οἱ δικαίως ὑπʼ αὐτῶν ἐξελασθέντες· ὅθεν Τυρρηνοὶ Ῥωμαίους μὲν ἀπολύουσι τῶν ἐγκλημάτων, Ταρκυνίῳ δὲ καὶ Μαμιλίῳ διαλύονται τὴν ξενίαν· προεῖπεν αὐθημερὸν ἐκ τοῦ χάρακος ἀπιέναι.
Indignant at these things, Porsena called the Tyrrhenians to an assembly, and having explained that, although the Romans had permitted him to judge concerning the charges brought against them by Tarquin, those who had been justly expelled by them, before the trial was completed, had attempted to commit a lawless act against the sacred persons of envoys and hostages during a truce; wherefore the Tyrrhenians acquitted the Romans of the charges, but dissolved their guest-friendship with Tarquin and Mamilius; and he ordered them on that very day to depart from the camp.
§5.34.2Ταρκύνιοι μὲν οὖν ἐν ἐλπίσι χρησταῖς γενόμενοι κατʼ ἀρχάς, ὡς ἢ τυραννήσοντες αὖθις τῆς πόλεως Τυρρηνῶν σφίσι βοηθούντων ἢ τὰ χρήματα κομιούμενοι, διὰ τὴν εἰς τοὺς πρέσβεις καὶ τὰ ὅμηρα παρανομίαν ἀμφοτέρων διαμαρτόντες ἀπῆλθον ἐκ τοῦ §5.34.3στρατοπέδου σὺν αἰσχύνῃ τε καὶ μίσει.
Thus the Tarquins, who at first had been in good hopes, thinking that they would either rule the city again as tyrants with the help of the Tyrrhenians or recover their property, having failed in both on account of their lawlessness against the envoys and the hostages, departed from the camp with disgrace and hatred.
ὁ δὲ τῶν Τυρρηνῶν βασιλεὺς τὰ ὅμηρα τῶν Ῥωμαίων ἐπὶ τὸ βῆμα προαχθῆναι κελεύσας ἀποδίδωσι τῷ ὑπάτῳ εἰπών, ὅτι πάσης ὁμηρείας κρείττονα ἡγεῖται τὴν πίστιν τῆς πόλεως.
But the king of the Tyrrhenians, having ordered the hostages of the Romans to be brought before the tribunal, restored them to the consul, saying that he regarded the good faith of the city as stronger than any hostage-giving.
μίαν δὲ παρθένον ἐκ τῶν ὁμήρων, ὑφʼ ἧς ἐπείσθησαν αἱ λοιπαὶ διανήξασθαι τὸν ποταμόν, ἐπαινέσας ὡς κρεῖττον ἔχουσαν φρόνημα τῆς τε φύσεως καὶ τῆς ἡλικίας, καὶ τὴν πόλιν μακαρίσας ἐπὶ τῷ μὴ μόνον ἄνδρας ἀγαθοὺς ἐκτρέφειν, ἀλλὰ καὶ παρθένους ἀνδράσιν ὁμοίας, δωρεῖται τὴν κόρην ἵππῳ πολεμιστῇ §5.34.4φαλάροις κεκοσμημένῳ διαπρεπέσι.
And having praised one maiden among the hostages, by whom the rest had been persuaded to swim across the river, as possessing a spirit superior to both her nature and her age, and having blessed the city for breeding not only brave men but also maidens like men, he presented the girl with a war-horse adorned with magnificent trappings.
μετὰ δὲ τὴν ἐκκλησίαν τὰ περὶ τῆς εἰρήνης καὶ φιλίας ὅρκια πρὸς τοὺς πρέσβεις τῶν Ῥωμαίων ποιησάμενος καὶ ξενίσας αὐτοὺς δῶρα τῇ πόλει φέρεσθαι δίδωσι τοὺς αἰχμαλώτους ἅπαντας ἄνευ λύτρων συχνοὺς πάνυ ὄντας, καὶ τὸ χωρίον, ἐν ᾧ κατεστρατοπεδευκὼς ἦν, κατεσκευασμένον οὐχ ὡς στρατόπεδον ἐν ξένῃ γῇ πρὸς ὀλίγον καιρόν, ἀλλʼ ὡς πόλιν ἰδίαις τε καὶ δημοσίαις οἰκοδομαῖς ἀποχρώντως, οὐκ ὄντος τοῖς Τυρρηνοῖς ἔθους, ὁπότε ἀναστρατοπεδεύοιεν ἐκ πολεμίας, ὀρθὰς καταλείπειν τὰς κατασκευάς, ἀλλὰ καίειν, οὐ μικρὰν τῇ πόλει χαρισάμενος εἰς χρημάτων λόγον δωρεάν.
After the assembly, having made the oaths concerning peace and friendship with the envoys of the Romans and having entertained them, he gave them all the prisoners, who were very numerous, to be carried back to the city as gifts without ransom, and also the place where he had been encamped, furnished not as a temporary camp in a foreign land, but as a city adequately provided with private and public buildings; though it was not the custom of the Tyrrhenians, when they decamped from an enemy's land, to leave the structures standing, but to burn them, he thus bestowed on the city a gift of no small value in terms of money.
ἐδήλωσε δʼ ἡ πράσις, ἣν ἐποιήσαντο μετὰ τὴν ἀπαλλαγὴν §5.34.5τοῦ βασιλέως οἱ ταμίαι.
This was shown by the sale which the quaestors made after the departure of the king.
ὁ μὲν δὴ πόλεμος ὁ συστὰς Ῥωμαίοις πρὸς Ταρκυνίους τε καὶ βασιλέα Κλουσίνων Λάρον Πορσίναν, εἰς κινδύνους μεγάλους ἀγαγὼν τὴν πόλιν τοιούτου τέλους ἔτυχεν.
Thus the war which had arisen for the Romans against the Tarquins and Larth Porsena, the king of the Clusians, having brought the city into great dangers, came to such an end.

Notes

  1. 5.34.1ἐπιτρεψάντων αὐτῷ Ῥωμαίων δικάσαι — `ἐπιτρεψάντων αὐτῷ Ῥωμαίων` is a genitive absolute construction. The preceding particle `ὡς` indicates the subjective reason or allegation alleged by Porsena, meaning "on the ground that the Romans had permitted him to judge."
  2. 5.34.2ὡς ἢ τυραννήσοντες αὖθις τῆς πόλεως Τυρρηνῶν σφίσι βοηθούντων ἢ τὰ χρήματα κομιούμενοι — The two future participles `τυραννήσοντες` and `κομιούμενοι` introduced by `ὡς` express the subjective intention or expectation of the subject (the Tarquins). Interposed between them is the genitive absolute `Τυρρηνῶν σφίσι βοηθούντων`, which functions as a condition ("if the Tyrrhenians helped them"), forming a complex nested participial construction.
  3. 5.34.4οὐκ ὄντος τοῖς Τυρρηνοῖς ἔθους... ὀρθὰς καταλείπειν τὰς κατασκευάς — `οὐκ ὄντος... ἔθους` is a genitive absolute construction expressing a lack of custom. The infinitive `καταλείπειν` explains the content of `ἔθους`, and the adjective `ὀρθὰς` is used predicatively with `τὰς κατασκευάς` (structures), meaning "to leave the structures standing upright (undestroyed)."

Cite this passage

Dionysius of Halicarnassus, Roman Antiquities §5.34.1-5.34.5. Humanitext Reader, https://reader.humanitext.ai/en/text/urn:cts:greekLit:tlg0081.tlg001.humanitext-grc2:5.34.1-5.34.5

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