Humanitext Reader

Dionysius of Halicarnassus · Roman Antiquities §4.72.1-4.72.3

Debate on the Future Government after the Monarchy

Passage 316 of 962 · Greek

Summary

Brutus prompts a discussion on the future government and magistrates after the overthrow of the kings, and the assembly debates whether to re-establish a monarchy, an aristocracy led by the senate, or a democracy.

§4.72.1ὡς δὲ τοῦτʼ ἤκουσαν ἅπαντες, ἐπῄνεσάν τε καὶ ὡς ἀπὸ καλῆς ὑποθέσεως ἀρξάμενον καὶ νομίμου τὰ λοιπὰ λέγειν αὐτὸν ἠξίουν.
When all heard this, they praised him and, regarding him as having made a start from a noble and lawful premise, requested him to say the rest.
κἀκεῖνος εἶπεν, Ἐπειδὴ ταῦτα οὕτω πράττειν ὑμῖν δοκεῖ, σκοπώμεθα πάλιν, τίς ἡ τὴν πόλιν ἐπιτροπεύσουσα ἀρχὴ γενήσεται μετὰ τὴν κατάλυσιν τῶν βασιλέων καὶ ὑπὸ τίνος ἀποδειχθεῖσα ἀνδρός, καὶ ἔτι πρότερον, ὅστις ἔσται πολιτείας κόσμος, ὃν ἀπαλλαττόμενοι τοῦ τυράννου καταστησόμεθα.
And he said: "Since it seems good to you to act in this manner, let us consider in turn what magistrate shall govern the city after the overthrow of the kings, and by what man he shall be appointed, and even before that, what the order of the constitution shall be which we, on being rid of the tyrant, shall establish.
βεβουλεῦσθαι γὰρ ἅπαντα βέλτιον, πρὶν ἐπιχειρεῖν ἔργῳ τηλικῷδε, καὶ μηδὲν ἀνεξέταστον ἀφεῖσθαι μηδὲ ἀπροβούλευτον.
For it is better that all things should be deliberated upon before we attempt so great an enterprise, and that nothing be left unexamined or unconsidered.
ἀποφαινέσθω δὴ περὶ §4.72.2τούτων ἕκαστος ὑμῶν ἃ φρονεῖ. μετὰ τοῦτʼ ἐλέχθησαν πολλοὶ καὶ παρὰ πολλῶν λόγοι.
Let each of you, therefore, declare what he thinks concerning these matters." After this, many speeches were delivered by many.
ἐδόκει δὲ τοῖς μὲν βασιλικὴν αὖθις καταστήσασθαι πολιτείαν ἐξαριθμουμένοις, ὅσα τὴν πόλιν ἐποίησαν ἀγαθὰ πάντες οἱ πρότεροι βασιλεῖς· τοῖς δὲ μηκέτι ποιεῖν ἐφʼ ἑνὶ δυνάστῃ τὰ κοινὰ τὰς τυραννικὰς διεξιοῦσι παρανομίας, αἷς ἄλλοι τε πολλοὶ κατὰ τῶν ἰδίων πολιτῶν ἐχρήσαντο καὶ Ταρκύνιος τελευτῶν, ἀλλὰ τὸ συνέδριον τῆς βουλῆς ἁπάντων ἀποδεῖξαι κύριον ὡς ἐν πολλαῖς τῶν Ἑλληνίδων πόλεων·
For it seemed good to some to establish a monarchical constitution again, as they enumerated all the benefits which all the former kings had done for the city; while to others, as they detailed the tyrannical violations of law which many others had committed against their own citizens and Tarquinius at last, it seemed good no longer to place public affairs in the power of a single ruler, but to appoint the council of the senate as master of all things, as is the case in many of the Greek cities.
§4.72.3οἱ δὲ τούτων μὲν οὐδετέραν προῃροῦντο τῶν πολιτειῶν, δημοκρατίαν δὲ συνεβούλευον ὥσπερ Ἀθήνησι καταστῆσαι, τὰς ὕβρεις καὶ τὰς πλεονεξίας τῶν ὀλίγων προφερόμενοι καὶ τὰς στάσεις τὰς γινομένας τοῖς ταπεινοῖς πρὸς τοὺς ὑπερέχοντας ἐλευθέρᾳ τε πόλει τὴν ἰσονομίαν ἀποφαίνοντες ἀσφαλεστάτην οὖσαν καὶ πρεπωδεστάτην τῶν πολιτειῶν.
Others, however, chose neither of these constitutions, but advised establishing a democracy, just as at Athens, bringing forward the insolence and greed of the few, and the dissensions that arise between the lowly and those who excel, and declaring that for a free city, equality before the law is the safest and most fitting of constitutions.

Notes

  1. 4.72.1ὡς ἀπὸ καλῆς ὑποθέσεως ἀρξάμενον — The participle ἀρξάμενον is an accusative predicative participle agreeing with αὐτόν (the object of ἠξίουν). With the conjunction ὡς, it expresses the subjective perception of the subjects ("regarding him as having made a start...").
  2. 4.72.1βεβουλεῦσθαι γὰρ ἅπαντα βέλτιον — The perfect passive infinitive βεβουλεῦσθαι functions as the subject of the impersonal expression βέλτιόν [ἐστι] ("it is better"). Similarly, the subsequent infinitive ἀφεῖσθαι is another subject of the same structure.
  3. 4.72.2ποιεῖν ἐφʼ ἑνὶ δυνάστῃ τὰ κοινὰ — The combination of the verb ποιεῖν with the prepositional phrase ἐπί + dative expresses the idiomatic meaning "to place public affairs under the power of (or make dependent upon) a single ruler."
  4. 4.72.2Ταρκύνιος τελευτῶν — The participle τελευτῶν is used adverbially to mean "finally" or "at last," emphasizing that Tarquinius committed these lawless acts at the end, as the climax of the actions of the others.

Cite this passage

Dionysius of Halicarnassus, Roman Antiquities §4.72.1-4.72.3. Humanitext Reader, https://reader.humanitext.ai/en/text/urn:cts:greekLit:tlg0081.tlg001.humanitext-grc2:4.72.1-4.72.3

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