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Dionysius of Halicarnassus · Roman Antiquities §3.59.1-3.59.4

Final Battle at Eretum and Etruscan Envoys for Peace

Passage 230 of 962 · Greek

Summary

The final battle between the Romans and the Tyrrhenians in Sabine territory ends in a decisive Roman victory, leading the severely defeated Tyrrhenians to send plenipotentiaries to King Tarquinius to sue for peace.

§3.59.1τελευταία δὲ μάχη Ῥωμαίων καὶ Τυρρηνῶν ἐγένετο πόλεως Ἠρήτου πλησίον ἐν τῇ Σαβίνων γῇ.
The last battle between the Romans and the Tyrrhenians took place near the city of Eretum in the territory of the Sabines.
διʼ ἐκείνης γὰρ ἐποιήσαντο τὴν ἐπὶ τοὺς Ῥωμαίους ἔλασιν οἱ Τυρρηνοὶ πεισθέντες ὑπὸ τῶν ἐκεῖ δυνατῶν, ὡς συστρατευσομένων σφίσι τῶν Σαβίνων.
For the Tyrrhenians made their march against the Romans through that country, having been persuaded by the influential men there that the Sabines would join them in the campaign.
αἱ γὰρ ἑξαετεῖς αὐτοῖς περὶ τῆς εἰρήνης πρὸς Ταρκύνιον ἀνοχαὶ διεληλύθεσαν ἤδη, καὶ πολλοῖς τῶν Σαβίνων πόθος ἦν ἐπανορθώσασθαι τὰς προτέρας ἥττας ἐπιτεθραμμένης ἐν ταῖς πόλεσι νεότητος ἱκανῆς.
For their six years' truce with Tarquinius concerning peace had already expired, and many of the Sabines had a desire to retrieve their former defeats, since a sufficient number of youth had grown up in their cities.
§3.59.2οὐ μὴν ἐχώρησέ γε αὐτοῖς ἡ πεῖρα κατὰ νοῦν θᾶττον ἐπιφανείσης τῆς Ῥωμαίων στρατιᾶς, οὐδʼ ἐξεγένετο παρʼ οὐδεμιᾶς τῶν πόλεων κοινὴν ἀποσταλῆναι τοῖς Τυρρηνοῖς συμμαχίαν, ἀλλʼ ἐθελονταί τινες ἐπεκούρησαν αὐτοῖς ὀλίγοι μισθοῖς μεγάλοις ὑπαχθέντες.
However, their attempt did not succeed according to their mind, as the Roman army appeared sooner than expected; nor was it possible for a common alliance to be sent to the Tyrrhenians from any of the cities, but only a few volunteers assisted them, having been induced by high pay.
§3.59.3ἐκ ταύτης τῆς μάχης μεγίστης τῶν προτέρων γενομένης, ὅσας πρὸς ἀλλήλους ἐπολέμησαν, τὰ μὲν Ῥωμαίων πράγματα θαυμαστὴν ὅσην ἐπίδοσιν ἔλαβε νίκην ἐξενεγκαμένων καλλίστην, καὶ βασιλεῖ Ταρκυνίῳ τὴν τροπαιοφόρον πομπὴν κατάγειν ἥ τε βουλὴ καὶ ὁ δῆμος ἐψηφίσατο, τὰ δὲ τῶν Τυρρηνῶν ἔπεσε φρονήματα πάσας μὲν ἐξαποστειλάντων εἰς τὸν ἀγῶνα τὰς ἐξ ἑκάστης πόλεως δυνάμεις, ὀλίγους δέ τινας ἐκ πολλῶν τοὺς διασωθέντας ὑποδεξαμένων.
As a result of this battle, which was the greatest of all former ones they had fought against each other, the affairs of the Romans received an astonishing increase, since they had won a most glorious victory, and both the senate and the people voted that King Tarquinius should lead the triumphal procession; while the spirits of the Tyrrhenians fell, because, though they had sent out the entire forces from each city to the contest, they received back only a few survivors out of many.
οἱ μὲν γὰρ ἐν τῇ παρατάξει μαχόμενοι κατεκόπησαν, οἱ δʼ ἐν τῇ τροπῇ δυσχωρίαις ἐγκυρήσαντες ἀνεξόδοις παρέδοσαν τοῖς κεκρατηκόσιν ἑαυτούς.
For those who fought in the battle array were cut to pieces, and those who in the rout fell into difficult places from which there was no outlet surrendered themselves to the victors.
§3.59.4τοιαύτης μέντοι συμφορᾶς πειραθέντες οἱ δυνατώτατοι τῶν ἐν ταῖς πόλεσιν ἔργον ἐποίησαν ἀνθρώπων φρονίμων.
Having experienced such a disaster, however, the most powerful men in the cities did the work of wise men.
ἑτέραν γὰρ στρατιὰν ἐπʼ αὐτοὺς ἐξαγαγόντος βασιλέως Ταρκυνίου συναχθέντες εἰς μίαν ἀγορὰν περὶ καταλύσεως τοῦ πολέμου διαλέγεσθαι πρὸς αὐτὸν ἐψηφίσαντο καὶ πέμπουσι τοὺς πρεσβυτάτους ἄνδρας καὶ τιμιωτάτους ἐξ ἑκάστης πόλεως αὐτοκράτορας ἀποδείξαντες τῶν περὶ τῆς εἰρήνης ὁμολογιῶν.
For when King Tarquinius led another army against them, they assembled in one council and voted to treat with him for an end of the war, and they sent the oldest and most honored men from each city, having appointed them plenipotentiaries for the peace treaty.

Notes

  1. 3.59.1ὡς συστρατευσομένων σφίσι τῶν Σαβίνων — A genitive absolute construction consisting of the conjunction ὡς and the future participle συστρατευσομένων (with τῶν Σαβίνων as the subject). It expresses a subjective reason or expectation ('on the expectation that the Sabines would join them in the campaign').
  2. 3.59.1ἐπιτεθραμμένης ἐν ταῖς πόλεσι νεότητος ἱκανῆς — A genitive absolute construction with the perfect passive participle ἐπιτεθραμμένης (from ἐπιτρέφω, 'to grow up, rear') and νεότητος ἱκανῆς as the subject, explaining the causal or temporal circumstance ('since a sufficient number of youth had grown up').
  3. 3.59.3θαυμαστὴν ὅσην — An idiomatic integration of the relative pronoun ὅσην with the adjective θαυμαστήν (originally derived from θαυμαστόν ἐστιν ὅσην, 'it is wonderful how great...'). It functions as an emphatic adjective meaning 'extraordinary' or 'astonishingly great', modifying the accusative noun ἐπίδοσιν.
  4. 3.59.4ἔργον ἐποίησαν ἀνθρώπων φρονίμων — The genitive ἀνθρώπων φρονίμων is a genitive of characteristic or property (descriptive genitive), indicating what is proper to or characteristic of wise men. The phrase literally means 'they did a deed characteristic of wise men'.

Cite this passage

Dionysius of Halicarnassus, Roman Antiquities §3.59.1-3.59.4. Humanitext Reader, https://reader.humanitext.ai/en/text/urn:cts:greekLit:tlg0081.tlg001.humanitext-grc2:3.59.1-3.59.4

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