§3.44.1ἕτερον δέ τι τοῦ προειρημένου πολιτεύματος κρεῖττον, ὃ καὶ τοῖς κατὰ τὸν βίον ἅπασιν εὐδαιμονεστέραν αὐτὴν ἐποίησε καὶ πραγμάτων ἐπῆρεν ἅψασθαι γενναιοτέρων.
But there was another policy, superior to the one previously mentioned, which both made the city more prosperous in all things relating to life and inspired it to undertake more noble enterprises.
τοῦ γὰρ Τεβέριος ποταμοῦ καταβαίνοντος μὲν ἐκ τῶν Ἀπεννίνων ὀρῶν, παρʼ αὐτὴν δὲ τὴν Ῥώμην ῥέοντος, ἐμβάλλοντος δʼ εἰς αἰγιαλοὺς ἀλιμένους καὶ προσεχεῖς, οὓς τὸ Τυρρηνικὸν ποιεῖ πέλαγος, μικρὰ δὲ καὶ οὐκ ἄξια λόγου τὴν Ῥώμην ὠφελοῦντος διὰ τὸ μηθὲν ἐπὶ ταῖς ἐκβολαῖς ἔχειν φρούριον, ὃ τὰς εἰσκομιζομένας διὰ θαλάττης καὶ καταγομένας ἄνωθεν ἀγορὰς ὑποδέξεταί τε καὶ ἀμείψεται τοῖς ἐμπορευομένοις, ἱκανοῦ δὲ ὄντος ἄχρι μὲν τῶν πηγῶν ποταμηγοῖς σκάφεσιν εὐμεγέθεσιν ἀναπλεῖσθαι, πρὸς αὐτὴν δὲ τὴν Ῥώμην καὶ θαλαττίαις ὁλκάσι μεγάλαις, ἐπίνειον ἔγνω κατασκευάζειν ἐπὶ ταῖς ἐκβολαῖς αὐτοῦ λιμένι χρησάμενος αὐτῷ τῷ στόματι τοῦ ποταμοῦ.
For since the Tiber River, descending from the Apennine Mountains, flows past Rome itself, and empties into harborless and contiguous shores which the Tyrrhenian Sea creates, and was rendering little and insignificant benefit to Rome because it had no stronghold at its mouth to receive the goods imported by sea and brought down from above and to exchange them with merchants, but yet was capable of being sailed up by river-boats of considerable size as far as its sources, and as far as Rome itself even by large seagoing merchantmen, the king resolved to construct an outpost at its mouth, using the mouth of the river itself as a harbor.
§3.44.2εὐρύνεταί τε γὰρ ἐπιπολὺ τῇ θαλάττῃ συνάπτων καὶ κόλπους λαμβάνει μεγάλους, οἵους οἱ κράτιστοι τῶν θαλαττίων λιμένων· ὃ δὲ μάλιστα θαυμάσειεν ἄν τις, οὐκ ἀποκλείεται τοῦ στόματος ὑπὸ τῆς θαλαττίας θινὸς ἐμφραττόμενος, ὃ πάσχουσι πολλοὶ καὶ τῶν μεγάλων ποταμῶν, οὐδʼ εἰς ἕλη καὶ τέλματα πλανώμενος ἄλλοτε ἄλλῃ προκαταναλίσκεται πρὶν ἢ τῇ θαλάττῃ συνάψαι τὸ ῥεῖθρον, ἀλλὰ ναυσιπέρατός ἐστιν ἀεὶ καὶ διʼ ἑνὸς ἐκδίδωσι τοῦ γνησίου στόματος ἀνακόπτων τὰς πελαγίους ῥαχίας τῆς θαλάττης, καίτοι πολὺς αὐτόθι γίνεται καὶ χαλεπὸς ὁ πνέων ἀπὸ τῆς ἑσπέρας ἄνεμος.
For it widens considerably where it joins the sea and forms large gulfs, such as the best of sea harbors possess; and what one would marvel at most of all, its mouth is not blocked by being choked up by the sea-sand, as happens to many even of the great rivers, nor does it waste itself beforehand by wandering here and there into marshes and swamps before its current joins the sea, but it is always navigable for ships and empties through a single genuine mouth, breaking the open sea-surges of the sea, although the wind blowing from the west is frequent and severe there.
§3.44.3αἱ μὲν οὖν ἐπίκωποι νῆες ὁπηλίκαι ποτʼ ἂν οὖσαι τύχωσι καὶ τῶν ὁλκάδων αἱ μέχρι τρισχιλιοφόρων εἰσάγουσί τε διὰ τοῦ στόματος αὐτοῦ καὶ μέχρι τῆς Ῥώμης εἰρεσίᾳ καὶ ῥύμασι παρελκόμεναι κομίζονται, αἱ δὲ μείζους πρὸ τοῦ στόματος ἐπʼ ἀγκυρῶν σαλεύουσαι ταῖς ποταμηγοῖς ἀπογεμίζονταί τε καὶ ἀντιφορτίζονται σκάφαις.
Accordingly, oared ships, of whatever size they may happen to be, and merchantmen up to three thousand barrels burden, enter through its mouth and are carried up to Rome, being propelled by rowing or towed by ropes; but the larger ships ride at anchor before the mouth and are unloaded and reloaded by river-boats.
§3.44.4ἐν δὲ τῷ μεταξὺ τοῦ τε ποταμοῦ καὶ τῆς θαλάττης ἀγκῶνι πόλιν ὁ βασιλεὺς ἐντειχίσας, ἣν ἀπὸ τοῦ συμβεβηκότος Ὠστίαν ὠνόμασεν, ὡς δʼ ἂν ἡμεῖς εἴποιμεν θύραν, οὐ μόνον ἠπειρῶτιν, ἀλλὰ καὶ θαλαττίαν παρεσκεύασε τὴν Ῥώμην γενέσθαι καὶ τῶν διαποντίων ἀγαθῶν ἔγευσεν.
The king, having enclosed with a wall a city in the bend between the river and the sea, which from the circumstance he named Ostia, or as we should say, a door, made Rome not only an inland but also a maritime city, and gave it a taste of the products of the lands across the sea.